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Weather Forecasting for Soaring Flight (WMO-No. 1038), TN 203
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol à Voile (OSTIV) - WMO, 2009 (WMO-No. 1038)The aim of this handbook - prepared by Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol à Voile (OSTIV) - is to provide the reader an internationally agreed set of guidelines for meteorological forecasting in soaring flight and related activities.
Management strategies in agriculture and forestry for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate variability and climate change : report of the CAgM-XII Working Group
This report presents examples of the impacts of adaptation strategies required for reducing vulnerability of agriculture and forestry to climate variability and climate change. It also presents information on the impacts of the conversion of forests into crop and rangelands and also examples of the impact of management strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from agroecosystems.
Agrometeorology related to extreme events
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Adamenko T.I.; Anaman K.A.; et al. - WMO, 2003 (WMO-No. 943)This technical note demonstrates the effects of extreme meteorological events on agricultural production and summarizes existing knowledge on the application of agrometeorological information needed to better cope with extreme events.
Climate variability, agriculture and forestry: Towards sustainability
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Desjardins R.L.; Janzen H.; et al. - WMO, 2002 (WMO-No. 928)This publication discusses the main causes of global climate variation and the direct effects of changes in atmospheric composition. Examples of increasing the adaptability of agriculture to climate variability are given, and management strategies to reduce the production of greenhouse gases from agriculture are discussed.
Methods of interpretating numerical weather prediction output for aeronautical meteorology (WMO-No. 770) : by the CAeM Working Group on Advanced techniques applied to aeronautical meteorology
This publication was deemed obsolete by the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology at its sixteenth session (CAeM-16) (24–27 July 2018) and has therefore been discontinued.
This Technical Note details current methods of interpreting numerical weather prediction output from global, regional and mesoscale models for aeronautical meteorology. It also describes methods of forecasting weather elements by statistical processing and discusses the emergence of artificial intelligence techniques.
Climate variability, agriculture and forestry: an update
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Desjardins R.; Jones M.B.; et al. - WMO, 1997 (WMO-No. 841)This report complements and updates Technical Note No. 196 (WMO-No. 802) and covers the impact of the following on agriculture and forestry: climate extremes, with emphasis on temperature extremes, drought and tropical cyclones; climate variability for the different main world agroclimatic zones; and the impact of agriculture and forestry on climate through trace gas emissions, as well as the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases.
Agrometeorology of grass and grasslands for middle latitudes
This report gives examples of how climate controls the composition and functioning of grassland, both natural and developed; discusses the response of the grassland to climate at the level of the plant and plant community and the interaction between climate and animals; concentrates on Eurasian and New Zealand grasslands; and reviews only grasslands used for pastoral agricultural development where human food is plant-derived via grazing of animals.
The effect of temperature on the citrus crop
Temperature is the most important climatic determinant of citriculture. Citrus trees are threatened by frost and freeze hazards as well as by high temperatures. This report is mainly confined to temperature effects on citrus crop and includes a list of a wide range of references.
Climate variability, agriculture and forestry : report of the CAgM-IX Working group on the study of climate effects on agriculture including forests, and of the effects of agriculture and forest on climate
Covers for example: principles of the effects of climate variability on agriculture and forests; impacts of climate variability on agriculture and forestry; agricultural and forestry applications and climate variability; the effects of greenhouse gas warming on agriculture and forestry and the effects of agriculture and forests on climate.
Handbook of meteorological forecasting for soaring flight
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol à Voile (OSTIV); Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre - WMO, 1993 (2nd ed.; WMO-No. 495)
Measurement of temperature and humidity : specification, construction, properties and use of the WMO reference psychrometer
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Lalas Theo; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) - WMO, 1992 (WMO-No. 759)This publication serves as a specification for the design and construction of the WMO Reference Psychrometer. It describes how it must be operated in the laboratory and in the field to obtain measurements of air temperature and humidity with very high accuracy. A set of working drawings is included.
Meteorology and grain storage
Updated and revised, the publication covers biological characteristics of food grains and of associated organisms; physical characteristics of grains in bulk; preparation of seed grains for storage; conditioning of grain in bulk during storage; instruments and monitoring procedures. Selected bibliography.
Land management in arid and semi-arid areas
This report is intended to provide basic information for meteorologists, agriculturists, pasture and livestock managers and others working in arid and semi-arid areas. It identifies the meteorological factors that influence land-use and management decisions and makes proposals and recommendations for further study and the monitoring of agrometeorological aspects of land management in arid and semi-arid areas.
Agroclimatology of the sugar-cane crop
A report compiled on the basis of a survey of the literature and of material obtained from the replies to a questionnaire from 43 sugar-cane producing countries. It constitutes the work of the Rapporteur on the Agrometeorology of the Sugarcane Crop, appointed by CAgM at its eighth session, to determine the effect of climate on the growth, development and yield of the sugar-cane crop.
Weather, climate and animal performance
The eighth session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (Geneva 1983) stressed the need to investigate the role played by weather-based decisions in the management and economics of livestock production. A rapporteur (Dr J. Starr, UK) was appointed to document the role of meteorology in animal performance: this volume constitutes his report.
Agrometeorological aspects of operational crop protection : (report of the Working group on agrometeorological aspects of operational crop protection of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology)
This report provides a general description of the meteorological influences on plant diseases, insect and weed pests, pesticides and the consequent requirements for meteorological data in operational schemes. The results of a questionnaire on the production and dissemination of crop protection information, which had been sent to all Members, form the basis of the next section followed by a chapter on the economic benefits to be gained from the use of agrometeorological information.
Applications of meteorology to atmospheric pollution problems
A summary of the main activities in air pollution meteorology followed by a chapter on air quality management, which describes, inter alia, the concept of background air pollution and a system for evaluation of air pollution processes on various space scales. The Note then reviews the meteorological information, network and data-processing requirements for the operational evaluation of air pollution, and the characteristics and use of models.
The contribution of satellite data and services to WMO programmes in the next decade
An analysis of the present global network of meteorological satellites. The applications of satellite technology in meteorology and operational hydrology are described and an assessment is made of the future role of meteorological satellites in WMO programmes in the next decade.
The analysis of data collected from international experiments on lucerne : (report of the CAgM Working group on international experiments for the acquisition of Lucerne/Weather Data)
International experiments on lucerne are described and an analysis is given of the results with regard to growth, development and yield. Lucerne weather models are presented and recommendations made on the cultivation and adoption of this forage crop.
Land use and agrosystem management under severe climatic conditions
In this Technical Note on the general principles of land use in regions with severe climates, regions have been defined according to the macro-environment they represent: arid, semi-arid, extreme monsoon, humid tropical and cold. A separate chapter is devoted to the land use and agrosystem management of each type of region.
Meteorological observations using navaid methods
Discussed are various terrestrially-based radionavigation networks such as Alpha and Omega (VLF), Decca and Loran-C (LF) and precision radiolocation systems in the VHF, UHF and SHF radiofrequency bands; satellite-based radiolocation systems such as the Service ARGOS and also self-contained navigation systems such as the inertial navigation system (INS) and their use in tracking the motion of meteorological instrument platforms and wind-finding.
Use of radar in meteorology
A Technical Note concerned primarily with the operational aspects of radar (one chapter is devoted to Doppler radar), but which also includes research on, and use of, non-conventional systems, types and uses of radar, basic theory, and data transmission and processing. Errors and accuracies, methods of operation, practical aspects of siting and maintenance, costs and cost-benefit aspects are also considered.
Weather-based mathematical models for estimating development and ripening of crops
A treatment of the formulation and operation of various models which relate the rate of crop development to certain environ-mental factors (mainly temperature and photoperiod). Many applications are discussed, including crop zonation, land-use planning, management and operation of the production and processing of crops, characterizing genotype response to the environment and use as a biological time-scale submodel for monitoring crop conditions and forecasting yield.
A study of the agroclimatology of the humid Tropics of South-East Asia
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Frère M.; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); et al. - WMO, 1982 (WMO-No. 597)
Meteorological aspects of the utilization of solar radiation as an energy source: annex - World maps of relative global radiation
This Technical Note contains a detailed treatment of meteorological knowledge and activities related to the harnessing of solar energy, and includes chapters on users' requirements, measurement techniques, data-acquisition systems, instrument calibration and quality control, experimental research and development stations, testing and evaluation, publication, archiving and retrieval of data and numerical examples. Also included are a list of selected references and a summary of all relevant terminology, definitions, units and symbols.
Meteorological aspects of the utilization of wind as an energy source
This publication has been written with the basic aim of promoting the application of meteorological data and knowledge to the planning and operation of wind-energy systems (also called wind-energy conversion systems - WECS). It is intended both for meteorologists expected to assist in wind-energy projects and for wind-energy technologists.
Meteorological aspects of the utilization of solar radiation as an energy source
This Technical Note contains a detailed treatment of meteorological knowledge and activities related to the harnessing of solar energy, and includes chapters on users' requirements, measurement techniques, data-acquisition systems, instrument calibration and quality control, experimental research and development stations, testing and evaluation, publication, archiving and retrieval of data and numerical examples. Also included are a list of selected references and a summary of all relevant terminology, definitions, units and symbols.
Weather and airborne organisms
An outline of commonly observed weather changes which are important in aerobiology, followed by the background information required to understand the take-off, displacement, dispersion and landing of airborne organisms, as well as their death in the air. Reviews from literature have been included to show the many kinds of organisms, scales of effect and kinds of observing and analysis techniques used. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for further work in the field are given.
Quantitative meteorological data from satellites
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Hubert Lester F.; McClain E.Paul; et al. - WMO, 1979 (WMO-No. 531)The data discussed are remote soundings of atmospheric temperature and moisture; winds derived from cloud motions observed by geostationary satellites; Earth-surface temperature, and application of satellite data in numerical analyses and prediction.
Review of urban climatology 1973-1976
This publication reviews developments in the fields of urban climatology and meteorology in the period 1973-1976 inclusive. It therefore forms an addendum to WMO Technical Note No. 134 "Review of Urban Climatology 1968-1973" produced earlier by the author. The organization of the report follows that of the earlier one and the combined bibliographies along with that produced by Chandler (WMO Publication No. 276, 1970) provide a reasonably comprehensive coverage of literature in urban climatology.
Techniques of frost prediction and methods of frost and cold protection
Discussed are the techniques of predicting minimum temperatures and/or frost occurrence used in various countries. The empirical, theoretical, semi-theoretical and ordinary subjective techniques currently employed are described and assessed. In addition, a brief historical review describes the evolution of frost prediction formulae over the past 90 years.
Handbook of meteorological forecasting for soaring flight
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol à Voile (OSTIV) - WMO, 1978 (WMO-No. 495)
Soya bean and weather
This Technical Note reviews the present knowledge of the climatic factors limiting profitable production of the soya bean crop, from germination to harvest.
Radiation regime of inclined surfaces
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - WMO, 1977 (WMO-No. 467)
Effects of Human activities on global climate : a summary, with consideration of the implications of a possibly warmer Earth
In response to a request by the Seventh World Meteorological Congress, the WMO Executive Committee at its twenty-eighth session (1976) approved the text of an officiai WMO statement on climatic change which is reproduced in the following pages, and at the same time allocated responsibilities for promoting and co-ordinating work in three broad components of an integrated international effort related to studies of climatic change. The Commission for Atmospheric Sciences was given the main responsibility in respect of one of these namely, the work on assessing and predicting the effects of geoast ...
Application of building climatology to the problems of housing and building for human settlements
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 1976 (WMO-No. 441)This report attempts to discuss the systematics of building climatology in relation to building design. Chapter 1 attempts to outline the general scope of building climatology. Chapter 2 provides a detailed analysis of the meteorologist's contribution to the improvement of the safety of buildings exposed to weather extremes of one kind or another. Chapter 3 describes systematic processes for harnessing meteorological data into the actual building design and construction process. It assumes, as a fundamental requirement, that it is important to work out how best to achieve an appropriate balanc ...
Urban climatology and its relevance to urban design
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 1976 (WMO-No. 438)As a guide to planners, Chapter 1 of this Technical Note considers the various mass, moisture, heat and momentum exchanges within the urban boundary layer; Chapter 2 describes the conséquences of thèse as they affect the distribution patterns of each of the meteorological éléments; and Chapter 3 considers the implications of urban climates to successful urban design, together with the logistics of the climatic input into the planning process.
Economic benefits of climatological services
The former WMO Commission for Climatology, now the WMO Commission for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology, appointed, at its fifth session (Geneva, 1969), Dr. R. Berggren (Sweden) as Rapporteur on Economic Benefits of Climatological Services. He was requested, inter alia, to collect and summarize information on methods and results of évaluations of économie benefits from the application of climatological information to various human activities. In his capacity as Rapporteur of the Commission for Climatology, Dr. Berggren was also a member of the Executive Committee Panel on Met ...
Applications of meteorology to economic and social development
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; McQuigg J.D.; Means L.L.; et al. - WMO, 1974 (WMO-No. 375)
Instrument and observing problems in cold climates
Contains three reports: Methods used to minimize, prevent and remove ice accretion on instruments; Protecting sensors and masts of automatic stations against icing; Visibility in cold climates - a summary of environmental problems and instrumentation.
Climatological aspects of the composition and pollution of the atmosphere
This report offers some practical guidelines on the processing and use of regular surface and upper-air observations in terms of their climatological influence on transport and diffusion of air pollutants. The concept of a meteorological potential for air pollution is discussed. An attempt was made to include examples of pertinent climatological data for various parts of the world but in fact the data are limited to temperate and northern latitudes of the northern hemisphere. There is a paucity of available meteorological studies relative to air pollution in the tropics, which, unfortunately, ...
Review of urban Climatology 1968-1973
This publication reviews developments in the field of urban climatology since the Symposium on Urban Climates and Building Climatology held at Brussels in 1968 under the joint sponsorship of the World Health Organization and WMO. During this relatively short period of time the importance of understanding the atmospheric environment of human settlements has become increasingly apparent and the amount of research has greatly expanded. The review is in two parts. The first part deals mainly with observational studies. This begins with a look at work aimed at elucidating the nature of the fundamen ...
Climate under glass
In recent years greenhouse climatology has become a special branch of research in agricultural meteorology. The results of climatological investigations in greenhouses should indicate to the agriculturalist the meteorological conditions at his disposal for the cultivation of certain crops at any lime of the year, and the possibilities of using special techniques for controlling the growth of plants. The greenhouse gives him the opportunity of creating the proper conditions for the plants irrespective of the outside weather, and this provides the farmer/gardener with an all-the-year-round means ...
The use of satellite pictures in weather anaysis and forecasting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Ferguson E.W.; Ashman Jerome P.; et al. - WMO, 1973 (WMO-No. 333)
Dispersion and forecasting of air pollution : (report by a working group of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Eggleton A.E.J.; Facy L.; et al. - WMO, 1972 (WMO-No. 319)
The Assessment of Human bioclimate : a limited review of physical parameters
Maintenance of stability in the human body in relation to the atmospheric environment by physiological or technological adjustments is essential for human survival in many parts of the Earth. The capability to adapt by acclimatization is limited. Various indices have been developed to assess the effects of heat and cold on human beings. Some are quite complex and include ail elements of the energy balance. They require measurements not generally ma de by meteorological services. But at the cold end the simple factors of wind chill (a combination of temperature and wind speed) or cooling power ...
Étude des conditions climatiques de l'avance du Sahara tunisien = Investigations on the climatic conditions of the advancement of the Tunisian Sahara
Depuis quelque temps, on prend conscience du fait que l'intensification des activités agricoles dans la zone semi-aride de la Tunisie limitrophe du désert saharien a modifié les conditions naturelles, et l'on soupçonne certaines de ces modifications d'avoir un caractère permanent. Dans le présent rapport, le professeur Flohn rend compte de l'étude qu'il a faite en 1970 en vue d'analyser les facteurs significatifs du bilan hydrique de cette région.
It has been recognized for some tinte that increasing agricultural activities in the semi-arid boundary zone of the Sahara Déser ...
Performance requirements of aerological instruments : an assessment based on atmospheric variability
Use of weather radar for aviation : (report prepared by a working group of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Beckwith W.B.; Bigler S.G.; et al. - WMO, 1970 (WMO-No. 264)
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