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Operational hydrology report (OHR), 50. Manual on Low-flow Estimation and Prediction
The Manual's objective is to publish state-of-the-art analytical procedures for estimating and predicting low river flows at all sites, regardless of the availability of observational data. The Manual wil be useful for many applications, including water resources planning, effluent dilution estimates and water resources management during low-flow conditions.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 49. Guidelines on the role, operation and management of National Hydrological Services
Providing guidance to the senior managers of Hydrological Services, on the key issues they might face, as they lead, manage and administer their services. All aspects of management are reviewed: strategic planning, human resources management, financial management, marketing, asset management, process and quality management, relationships with other institutions. This publication is especially important at a time when NHSs worldwide are typically having their mandate expanded from basic hydrology to hydrology in the broader context of sustainable water resources management.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 47. Manual on sediment management and measurement
This report covers a wide range of issues related to sedimentation. Its objectives are to present to readers a basic understanding of operational methods of sediment transport measurement, and serve as a practical reference in dealing with sedimentation engineering.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 42. Meteorological systems for hydrological purposes
This report consists of seven chapters covering a wide range of issues on the relationship between meteorological systems and their applications for hydrological purposes. The objective of this report is to present the need for meteorological systems for hydrological purposes.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 48. Hydrological Data Management: present state and trends
This report details the present state and trends in constructing data-bases for hydrological data, the real-time utilization of the data and the application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to operational hydrology in various countries.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 46. Precipitation estimation and forecasting
This publication discusses a wide range of techniques which have been developed worldwide for measuring and forecasting precipitation. These range from point gauge measurements to methods based upon interpretation of indirect data obtained from space-based instrumentation.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 43. Current operational applications of remote sensing in hydrology
This publication discusses technical and economic aspects of applications of remote sensing in hydrology.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 45. Contaminants in rivers and streams: prediction of travel time and longitudinal dispersion
This publication discusses the theory of movement and dispersion of dissolved pollutants and introduces the unit-peak concentration concept. A summary of the methods used to collect time-of-travel information is given, along with a summary of the data used in the report. Methods are recommended for estimating the rate of movement and attenuation of conservative pollutants based on an analysis of the data.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 44. Aeral modelling in hydrology using remote sensing data and geographical information system
This publication discusses directions taken with regard to hydrological modelling, capitalizing on the higher resolutions in time and space of data from automated surface sensors, remote sensing and geographical information systems.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 41. An overview of selected techniques for analysing surface-water data networks
This report brings together under one cover a review of a number of techniques currently employed in evaluating and designing stream gauging networks and illustrates their use with examples.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 40. Land surface processes in large-scale hydrology
This report addresses the major interactions between climate and land surface processes on a large scale. Particular emphasis is given to surface hydrology and the role of vegetation in the context of global change (i.e. changes in the physical, chemical and biological processes of the Earth's surface and atmosphere).
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 39. Applications of remote sensing by satellite, radar and other methods to hydrology
This report provides information on the advances in applications of remote sensing to hydrology and water resources management.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 38. Simulated real-time intercomparison of hydrological models
This report presents essential elements of the history, design, implementation and results of the WMO project on the simulated real-time intercomparison of hydrological models. The aims of the project included a study to compare the abilities of both rainfall-runoff and snowmelt-runoff models to forecast stream flow under simulated real-time conditions and to report on case studies, thus offering guidance through demonstrations of the models' abilities in various situations. Fourteen models were used in the intercomparison which took place during a workshop held in Vancouver, Canada, in 1987.< ...
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 37. Hydrological aspects of accidental pollution of water bodies
This publication contains guidance material on methods, techniques and procedures for use in monitoring, forecasting and warning of the accidental pollution of water bodies. The material incorporates nine case studies, including a description of the radioactive contamination of water bodies following the Chernobyl nuclear accident.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 36. Remote sensing for hydrology: progress and prospects
Remote sensing of spectral radiation and the derivation of basic physical parameters hold much promise to aid the hydrologists in their endeavours. This technology is advancing at a rapid pace and so also are its potential applications to the science of hydrology. The report discusses the observational data requirements in operational hydrology and the ability of remote sensing methods, both satellite and aircraft based, to meet these requirements either at present or in the future.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 35. Snow cover measurements and areal assessment of precipitation and soil moisture
The report summarizes and reviews recent developments in the field of areal estimation of precipitation, snow cover, and soil moisture characteristics, including application of remote sensing. The report also provides guidance in assessing the accuracy of areal estimates and contains information on estimation of snowfall using radar data and on statistical estimates of snow cover fields.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 34. Hydrological models for water-resources system design and operation
Most hydrological models are used only for research studies, but in the last two decades many have been introduced into operational practice. This report presents a comprehensive international survey of such operational models, with particular attention being paid to models for real-time forecasting. The conclusions indicate a number of well-developed, operational models, while at the same time noting the serious gaps that require further research and model development.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 32. Cost-benefit assessment techniques and user requirements for hydrological data
In 1980 the Commission for Hydrology established a Working Group on Users' Requirements for Hydrological Information to study the determination of the economic value of hydrological data for water-resource projects and the use of cost-benefit criteria in the optimization of hydrological networks. The reports prepared by members of the group are presented in this publication together with the findings of an international Workshop on the Application of Cost-Benefit Assessment of Hydrological Data for Water-resource Projects held in Geneva in November 1982.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 33. Statistical distributions for flood frequency analysis
The Commission for Hydrology at its sixth session in 1980 decided that a report containing detailed guidance on the merits and selection of distribution types for flood frequency analysis should be prepared. Accordingly the World Meteorological Organization Secretariat arranged the preparation of this report by Dr C. Cunnane, Department of Engineering Hydrology, University College, Galway, Ireland.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 31. Management of groundwater observation programmes
This report, prepared by the Commission for Hydrology Rapporteur on Groundwater, by Dr Y. Bachmat, discusses the groundwater observation programme as part of a management- oriented information system and emphasizes the importance of such a programme for the rational management of groundwater resources.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 29. Manual on operational methods for the measurement of sediment transport
This manual describes the methods and equipment used for the measurement and estimation of sediment load in rivers and reservoirs and discusses the merits of some of the methods and equipment for various river-flow conditions. Recommendations are made for enhancing data acquisition and research on the improvement of operational methods of measurement.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 27. Manual on water quality monitoring - Planning and implementation of sampling and field testing
This manual, the culmination of a Commission for Hydrology project, is intended as a practical handbook for those who plan water-quality sampling programmes, those who carry out the field work and for the training of personnel in the subject of water-quality data collection.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 30. Hydrological aspects of combined effects of storm surges and heavy rainfall on river flow
This report is concerned with the flood hydrology of the lower reaches of rivers where sea level can influence flood levels. It is the outcome of two reports, one on hydrological aspects of the combined effects of storm surge and heavy rainfall on river flow, and the other on the frequency of flooding in rivers subject to sea-storm surges and rainfall-induced floods. At the instigation of the Commission for Hydrology the reports were combined and further expanded to include guidance material on flood modelling in tidal areas and material on forecasting centres.
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 25. Tropical hydrology
Part I of the report reviews the similarities and differences between the methods and technology in operational hydrology applicable in tropical regions and in other areas. Recommendations are made on the adaptation of certain techniques to the particular meteorological and hydrological conditions found in the humid tropics and requirements for further research. Part II examines the requirements for meteorological data on tropical cyclones needed for hydrological forecasts in areas subject to cyclones.
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