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IOM Report, 141. Report on the 3rd WMO International Pyrgeometer Intercomparison (IPgC-III) (27 September-15 October 2021, Davos, Switzerland)
This report presents the results of the thirdInternational Pyrgeometer Intercomparison (IPgC-III) that was organized by the Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Centre (PMOD/WRC) in Davos, Switzerland,from 27 September to 15 October 2021. IPgC-III demonstrated the stability of the WISG and enabledthe calibration of a large number of instruments. It has been shown that there is an apparent offsetbetween the WISG and the International System of Units (SI) and that recent technologicaldevelopments enable to significantly reduce the uncertainties of potential new refer ...
IOM Report, 140. Report on the WMO International Pyrheliometer Comparison (IPC-XIII) (27 September-15 October 2021, Davos, Switzerland)
This report summarizes the outcomes of the 13thWMO International Pyrheliometer Comparison (IPC-XIII) and demonstrates the stability of the WRR inproviding a worldwide metrological reference. Favourable weather conditions enabled acquisition of alarge number of the calibration points, what increased confidence in the traceability dissemination. Onthe days without weather conditions appropriate to take the measurements, a symposium on radiationmeasurement was organized. Many presentations delivered at the symposium facilitated theexperience exchange and knowledge transfer.
IOM Report, 135. Survey on the Use of the Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; A. Lilja, S. Cohn, C. Fierz, J. Gueusquin, T. Konzelmann, P-W. S. Lau and A. Webb - WMO, 2021
IOM Report, 134. Report on Interlaboratory Comparison in the field of Temperature, Humidity and Pressure in the WMO Regional Association II, V and VI (MM-ILC-2018-THP-2)
WMO, 2021This report presents the results of an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with participation of all Regional Instrument Centres (RICs) in WMO Regional Associations (RAs) II and V, using the methodology and experience from the ILC in RA VI in 2016. The ILC was coordinated by RIC Tsukuba (Japan) with support and input from RIC Ljubljana and the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering (Slovenia). The results of the ILC in RA II and RA V clearly demonstrate the high capabilities of these RICs, particularly in the domains of temperature and humidity calibration. Some areas requirin ...
IOM Report, 130. Fourth WMO Regional Pyrheliometer Comparison of RA II, Jointly held with RA V
This report describes the intercomparison in detail: the instruments, the participants, the experimental setup, method and procedure, the data analysis technique used and the results. It is clear from the results that all of the participating instruments have been well maintained and remained stable since the previous intercomparison, which augers well for all radiation measurements within RA II and RA V. All participants were able to return home with newly derived WRR reduction factors for their instruments.
IOM Report, 128. Interlaboratory Comparison in the field of Temperature, Humidity and Pressure, in the WMO Regional Association VI (MM-ILC-2015-THP)
The subject of this report is evaluation of the interlaboratory comparison in the field of measurement of temperature, humidity and pressure. The interlaboratory comparison was held within the framework of the MeteoMet 2 project, in the scope of proficiency testing scheme organized by the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Metrology and Quality (UL-FE/LMK), except pressure part. All the analysis were done in accordance with accredited procedures.
IOM Report, 131. WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) (2012 - 2015)
The Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) was conducted as an internationally coordinated project, initiated and guided by the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The SPICE field experiments took place between 2013 and 2015, with a preparatory stage during the winter of 2012/13.
SPICE was carried out as a major international effort, and has been remarkable for the diversity of organizations which hosted SPICE tests, contributed with instruments, and were engaged in the data analysis and the derivat ...
IOM Report, 126. Quality Assessment using METEO-Cert : The MeteoSwiss Classification Procedure for Automatic Weather Stations
It this report, METEO-Cert and its application is described. The METEO-Cert process assigns qualitative flags to each station and its instruments. Those qualitative flags provide valuable information on the applicability of the measured data and help to identify potential improvement of the station’s exposure.
IOM Report, 123. Currently Developing and Future Communications and Technology Impact on AMDAR
This document has been prepared in the frame of WMO study SSA-2604-14/REM/PEX, for which the objective is to assess currently developing and future communications and technology impacts on AMDAR.
IOM Report, 121. Measurement of upper-air pressure, temperature and humidity
This report is that document, as authored by Dr Nash, in all its original detail. Starting with the existing version of the CIMO Guide (2010 update) Dr Nash revised that information, primarily to include the additional understanding gained from the Yangjiang intercomparison. At the same time, though, he added a wealth of further specialist knowledge, gained from his protracted involvement in WMO CIMO activities over more than thirty years, and in particular from his participation in all eight CIMO international radiosonde intercomparisons, commencing with the first, held at Bracknell in 1983.< ...
IOM Report, 117. Survey on Alternatives for Dangerous and Obsolete Instruments : evaluation of the questionnaire and recommendations for alternatives
The report enables a WMO Member country to determine where it stands in relation to other WMO Members in regard to its use of dangerous or obsolete instrumentation, and offers some ideas on how to replace these instruments by suggesting possible alternatives.
IOM Report, 115. AMDAR Onboard Software Functional Requirements Specification : (Version 1.1, 2 June 2014)
This document provides a functional specification for AMDAR onboard software, which can be utilized by avionics software developers to build avionics software applications for AMDAR that will efficiently meet WMO standards and requirements for reporting of meteorological data from the aircraft platform utilizing aviation communications protocols and infrastructure.
IOM Report, 114. AMDAR Onboard Software Functional Requirements Specification : (Version 1.0, 16 July 2013)
This document provides a functional specification for AMDAR onboard software, which can be utilized by avionics software developers to build avionics software applications for AMDAR that will efficiently meet WMO standards and requirements for reporting of meteorological data from the aircraft platform utilizing aviation communications protocols and infrastructure.
IOM Report, 113. Third WMO Regional Pyrheliometer Comparison of RA II
This report describes this latest RA II intercomparison: the participants (from WRC, Japan, Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, and Thailand), the intercomparison itself and the results. That all participating instruments except one were found to be well-maintained and highly accurate is a credit to all those who participated, and we can now be confident that solar radiation measurements made in these Asian region countries are reliable and dependable.
IOM Report, 112. Baltic Region Pyrheliometer Comparison 2012
This report presents the results from a sub-Regional Pyrheliometer Intercomparison that was held at the Regional Radiation Centre at Norrköping, at the kind invitation of Sweden, for Members of Baltic states of WMO Regional Association VI. The opportunity was taken during the exercise to include a pyranometer intercomparison. The participating countries were Austria, Finland, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and WRC (Switzerland).
IOM Report, 111. Survey on the Surface, Climate and Upper-air Observations and Quality Management in RA II (Asia)
This publication reports on the results of a survey on the surface, climate and upper-air observations and quality management in Regional Association II (Asia). The survey was conducted as one of the activities for the Pilot Project to Enhance the Availability and Quality Management Support for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Surface, Climate and Upper-air Observations, established during the 14th Session of Regional Association II (Asia), held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan in December 2008
IOM Report, 110. Experience of the Japan Meteorological Agency with the Operation of Wind Profilers
This publication discusses the Japanese Meteorological Agency’s (JMA) operational experience with Doppler mode radar wind profilers in Japan, to provide guidance to other WMO Members planning to implement wind profiler networks.
IOM Report, 108. WMO International Pyrheliometer Comparison, IPC-XI: final report
The results presented in this report are based on the measurements carried out during the three weeks assigned to the IPC-XI. The favorable weather conditions allowed to acquire a large number of calibration points for most participating instruments. Cloudy and overcast days were used for technical preparations and training of participants as well as for a the IPC-XI symposium and Course on Radiation Measurement. A Saharan Dust Event (SDE) a ected the measurements during several days starting October 8 th . Analyzing the e ect of the SDE on di erent types of instruments led to interesting ndi ...
IOM Report, 107. WMO Intercomparison of High Quality Radiosonde Systems
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Oakley T.; Vömel Holger; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1580)The present report includes a detailed analysis of the QRS intercomparisons, a specific analysis of the SSI group, and draws conclusions and recommendations that are key information for the manufacturers, the NMHS as well as the scientific and climate community. Results show that unprecedented performances have been achieved with QRS while the expected performances to be reached with respect to the GRUAN specifications still require more research. This work is an essential contribution to the WMO Integrated Global Observing Systems (WIGOS) to improve services to society by increasing the data ...
IOM Report, 106. WMO Field Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields and Humidity Measuring Instruments : Ghardaïa, Algeria, November 2008 – October 2009
The WMO Combined Intercomparison of Temperature Screens/Shields in Conjunction with Humidity Measuring Instruments was carried out in Ghardaïa, Algeria from November 2008 to October 2009, at the kind invitation of the Algerian Meteorological Service and under the leadership of CIMO. This intercomparison allowed testing the performance of the instruments in desert conditions, in a dry, hot and dusty environment. It was planned to carry out a follow-up intercomparison of similar instruments in an arctic environment at a later stage. The main objectives of this intercomparison were to gain knowle ...
IOM Report, 101. Guidance on Instrumentation for Calibration Laboratories, including Regional Instrument Centres
Users of meteorological observations have increasing needs for high quality meteorological and hydrological data. The traceability of these data to the International System of Units (SI) standards is needed to ensure their quality and to meet the users’ requirements. Regional Instrument Centres, as well as NMHSs calibration laboratories are essential in ensuring data quality by providing calibration of the standards and traceability to SI. CIMOXIV recognized that RICs needed guidance on how to build calibration laboratories and purchase calibration equipment to strengthen their capabilities. T ...
IOM Report, 103. Evaluation Scheme for Regional Instrument Centres and Other Calibration Laboratories
The calibration of instruments and the traceability of meteorological measurements to the International Standard (SI) of units are crucial to ensure the quality of meteorological observations and to meet the users’ requirements. Regional Instrument Centres (RICs) play a key role in this context, by providing calibration services to other Members of their Region. In view of the need to ensure the quality of the services provided by the RICs, and the need for strengthening of RICs, the WMO Executive Council requested CIMO to develop a mechanism for their continuous evaluation to ensure quality o ...
IOM Report, 102. CIMO Survey on national summaries of methods and instruments for solid precipitation measurement at automatic weather stations
This publication reports on the results of the CIMO survey, initiated in 2008, on the current methods, instruments and challenges for the measurement of solid precipitation at automatic weather stations. The current survey is the third in its category. It was built on the two previous surveys that were conducted by CIMO 10 and 20 years ago. Since then, the automatic stations have been providing an increased percentage of precipitation data, snow water equivalent, and depth of snow on the ground. The CIMO, at its 14th session, initiated this review to assess the methods for measurement and obse ...
IOM Report, 100. Evaluation of the Survey on Lightning Detection Systems - Report on Current Operational Networks
This publication reports on the results of the CIMO survey on lightning detection systems. This survey was the first in its category. It was initiated by the CIMO in its 14th intersession period as part of a review of the current operational lightning detection systems networks used by Members, to assess the need and possibility to organize an intercomparison of such systems. In that context, CIMO charged the Expert Team on Remote Sensing UpperAir Technology and Techniques to conduct this work. This IOM Report, prepared by a member of the Expert Team, Mr Mohamed Dahoui provides the results of ...
IOM Report, 105. Measurement challenges for global observation systems for climate change monitoring : traceability, stability and uncertainty
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1557)The WMO-BIPM workshop on ‘Measurement Challenges for Global Observation Systems for Climate Change Monitoring: Traceability, Stability and Uncertainty’ was held at the WMO Headquarters from 30 March to 1 April 2010, and brought together over 120 scientists active in long term measurements
relevant to climate change monitoring and metrologists responsible for developing standards as references to which such measurements could be traceable.
IOM Report, 99. WMO Field Intercomparison of Rainfall Intensity Gauges
The WMO Field Intercomparison of Rainfall Intensity Gauges was carried out in Vigna di Valle, Italy from October 2007 to April 2009, at the kind invitation of the Italian Meteorological Service. This intercomparison is following up on the Laboratory Intercomparison of Rainfall Intensity Gauges. CIMOXIV recommended that welldefined and accepted reference instruments and procedures were needed for the field intercomparison. CIMOXIV agreed that such reference might be based on a set of high quality devices applying different measuring techniques and had adopted a recommendation to that effect. Th ...
IOM Report, 98. Sub-Regional Pyranometer Intercomparison of the RA VI members from South-Eastern Europe
This report presents the results from the SubRegional Pyranometer Intercomparison that was held for the Members of SouthEastern Europe at the kind invitation of Croatia.
IOM Report, 97. Second WMO Regional Pyrheliometer Comparison of RA II
This report gives information about the Regional Pyrheliometer Comparison of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Regional Association (RA) II, held from 22 January to 2 February 2007 in Tsukuba, Japan with the participation of experts and pyrheliometers from China, Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Japan and the World Radiation Centre (WRC) in Davos, Switzerland.
IOM Report, 95. Global criteria for tracing the improvements of radiosondes over the last decades
This report represents the deliverable of the action initiated at the First Session of the Expert Team on UpperAir Systems Intercomparisons (ETUASI), Geneva, Switzerland, 2004: „To elaborate global criteria for tracing the improvements, based on previous intercomparisons and recent radiosondes development“. In the report, different approaches are identified with the objective to define these criteria, and the following method was selected as the most appropriate one: Time evolution of selected statistical parameters reported in the different IOM international radiosonde comparisons organized b ...
IOM Report, 85. TWMO Radiosonde Humidity Sensor Intercomparison: final report of Phase I and Phase II
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Kats A.; Krestyannikova N.; et al. - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1305)PHASE I: Laboratory Test
- Central Aerological Observatory (Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation, June 1995 - June 1997): A. Balagurov, A. Kats, N. Krestyannikova (Russian Federation)
PHASE II: Field Test
- NASA Wallops Flight Facility (Virginia, United States, 8 - 26 September 1995): F. Schmidlin (United States)
IOM Report, 81. Initial Guidance to Obtain Representative Meteorological Observations at Urban Sites
IOM Report, 93. Instrument Development Inquiry
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; van der Meulen J.P. - WMO, 2006 (7th edition; WMO/TD-No. 1382)
IOM Report, 91. The International Pyrheliometer Comparison: final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Fisch Gilberto F.; Machado Luiz Augusto T.; et al. - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1320)
IOM Report, 90. The WMO Intercomparison of GPS Radiosondes: final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Fisch Gilberto F.; Machado Luiz Augusto T.; et al. - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1314)
IOM Report, 84. The WMO Laboratory Intercomparison of Rainfall Intensity Gauges: final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Leroy Michel; Alexandropoulos C.; et al. - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1304)
IOM Report, 72. Report by the rapporteur on radiosonde compatibility monitoring
Part A: WMO Catalogue of Radiosondes and Upper-air Wind Systems in Use by Members (1998)
Part B: Compatibility of Radiosonde Geopotential Measurements 1995, 1996 and 1997
IOM Report, 66. Recent changes in thermometer design and their impact
Recent changes to thennometer screen design and a heightened awareness of global climate changes have focused the mind of the meteorological world, in particular climatologists, on the effects these changes are bringing about. There is concern that any changes that take place could influence the homogeneity of the temperature records. The purpose of this report is to examine the recent published work on instrument screens, intercomparisons and theoretical studies and to make recommendations on how to proceed with ensuring continuity in the meteorological records. The practice of temperature sc ...
IOM Report, 67. WMO Solid precipitation measurement intercomparison : final report
The WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison was started in the northern hemisphere winter of 1986/87. The field work was carried out in 13 Member countries for seven years. The Intercomparison was the result of Recommendation 17 of the ninth session of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO-IX). As in previous WMO intercomparisons of rain gauges, the main objective of this test was to assess national methods of measuring solid precipitation against methods whose accuracy and reliability were known. It included past and current procedures, automated systems ...
IOM Report, 65. Guidance on automatic weather systems and their implementation
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Jones D.W.; Bureau of Meteorology - WMO, 1997 (WMO/TD-No. 862)This report, prepared under the supervision ofDr R. Canterford (Australia), Chairman ofthe above Working Group, is the culmination ofthe work of several meteorologists and physicists working in the Australian Bureau ofMeteorology. The major part is based on a previous document on Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) by Mr. E. lesson, formerly of the Bureau of Meteorology and CIMO Rapporteur in this field. This was expanded to include, in Part I, the latest material on AWS technology and, in Part IT, guidance for the implementation ofnetworks and training ofusers ofdata produced by automatic statio ...
IOM Report, 56. Report by the rapporteur on radiosonde compatibility monitoring
Part A - WMO Catalogue of Radiosondes and Upper-air Wind Systems in Use by Members.
Part B - Compatibility of Radiosonde Geopotential Measurements 1990, 1991, 1992
IOM Report, 54. Instrument development inquiry
This publication reports on the results of the fifth edition of the Instrument Development Inquiry. As stated in Res. 4 of CIMO-X, the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) had decided to circulate to all W.M.O. Members a new questionnaire on instrument development. A total number 143 completed questionnaires from 23 countries were returned.
IOM Report, 52. Results of the Working Group on Weather Radars
Part I: Severe Weather Recognition
Part II: Utilization of Doppler Radars for Monitoring Tropical Cyclones as one Element of the Global Monitoring System
IOM Report, 46. The WMO automatic digital barometer intercomparison
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat Koninklijk (Nederlands) - WMO, 1992 (WMO/TD-No. 474)The first WMO Automatic Digital Barometer Intercomparison was held in De Bilt, the Netherlands at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute from begin 1989 to July 1991. Thirty-three instruments of 14 different designs were entered by nine Members of WMO 1). This report contains a description of the procedures followed, the data acquisition, the data analysis, and a technical description of the principles of the instruments. Finally the results of the intercomparison are given in a general table and the result per instrument in detail. The report also includes recommendations for operatio ...
IOM Report, 40. WMO International Radiosonde Comparison, Phase III, Dzhambul, USSR, 1989: final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Kats A.; Kurnosenko Sergey; et al. - WMO, 1991 (WMO/TD-No. 451)
IOM Report, 41. The first WMO intercomparison of visibility measurements: final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Jones D.W.; Ouldridge M.; et al. - WMO, 1990 (WMO/TD-No. 401)The first WMO International Visibility Intercomparison was held in the United Kingdom at Royal Air Force Finningley (WMO No 03360) from 17 October 1988 to 11 May 1989. Twenty-five visibility instruments of 18 different designs were entered by seven Members and comprised a backscatter meter, forward scatter meters and long and short baseline transmissometers. This report contains a complete description of the conduct of the Intercomparison, the part icipat ing instruments, the data recorded, and the principles, techniques and results of the analysis. The characteristics of each instrument are s ...
IOM Report, 39. Catalogue of national standard precipitation gauges
The present report contains tables with information on the national standard PGs of the WMO Members, including cross-sections of PGs, a brief review of the problems of accuracy of precipitation measurement. and of the results of wind tunnel tests regarding aerodynamical characteristics of PGs and correction procedures of the wind-induced error, wetting and evaporation.
IOM Report, 38. WMO International Hygrometer Intercomparison
The WMO International Hygrometer Intercomparison which was held at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI) from February 1987 to March 1989, included 20 different humidity sensors, some with 2 or 3 equivalent units. All together 34 sensors were compared, representing products from 15 manufacturing firms. Eleven Member countries participated in the project. The instruments were exposed in a grass-covered area to the south of the institute buildings, -some sensors in open air, some inside an instrument screen specially constructed for the purpose. The instruments were exposed in accordance ...
IOM Report, 24. Instruments development inquiry
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; WMO Working Group on Instruments and Methods of Observation for Surface Data - WMO, 1987 (4th edition; WMO/TD-No. 231)
IOM Report, 21. Algorithms for automatic aerological soundings
The purpose of this report is to collect together for convenient reference all coefficients and procedures that arise from the quantitative message requirements. In addition, empirical algorithms are presented for the remaining (qualitative) tasks. Except where stated, they have been in operational use for several years. Although drawn from specific systems, the algorithms have been generalised and are given in sufficient detail to facilitate their use in other systems. These algorithms will serve as a standard of comparison for alternative procedures that might be contemplated.
IOM Report, 18. Guidance material on the choice of meteorological instruments for surface data suitable for use in developing countries
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; WMO Working Group on Instruments and Methods of Observation for Surface Data - WMO, 1986 (WMO/TD-No. 112)
IOM Report, 17. International comparison of national precipitation gauges with a reference Pit gauge
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