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全球升温 1,5 °C
本决策者摘要（SPM）根据对涉及全球升温1.5°C的现有科学、技术及社会经济文献2的评估 介绍了本特别报告的关键发现，并用于在全球升温高于工业化前水平1.5°C与2°C之间的比较。与 每项关键发现相关的置信度都使用IPCC的标定语言。3每项关键发现的基本科学依据采用章节内 容的参考索引标示。在SPM中，确定了与报告基础章节相关的知识差距。
GORMP, 58. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2018The Assessment documents the advances in scientific understanding of ozone depletion reflecting the thinking of the many international scientific experts who have contributed to its preparation and review. These advances add to the scientific basis for decisions made by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. It is based on longer observational records, new chemistry- climate model simulations, and new analyses.
Understanding the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C
In 2015 governments adopted the Paris Agreement to tackle climate change (see below) and invited the IPCC to prepare a special report in 2018 to assess the impacts and related pathways of warming of 1.5ºC. This brief provides context and explanation of key concepts for policymakers, media and others about the Special Report on 1.5°C, scheduled to be published, subject to approval, by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 8 October 2018. This brief is produced prior to the release of the report and therefore does not contain results from the report itself.
Global Assessment of Sand and Dust Storms
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - UNEP, 2016The specific objectives of the assessment are to:
1. Synthesise and highlight the environmental and socio-economic causes and impacts of SDS, as well as available technical measures for their mitigation, at the local, regional and global levels.
2. Show how the mitigation of SDS can yield multiple sustainable development benefits.
3. Synthesize information on current policy responses for mitigating SDS.
4. Present options for an improved strategy for mitigating SDS at the local, regional and global levels, building on existing institutions and agreements.
...Promoting ecosystems for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation : Opportunities for Integration
This discussion paper examines differences and similarities between ecosystem-based approaches to disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) and ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation (EBA).
It suggests key integration points at the project level through examining a number of Eco-DRR, EBA and hybrid (Eco-DRR/CCA) projects. A total of 38 (Eco-DRR, EBA and hybrid Eco-DRR/CCA) projects are examined in terms of their aims, assessments, implementation, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and policy and institutional contexts to understand how in practice these approaches differ and overlap and ...
Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer: 2014 update : Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2015To help maintain a broad understanding of the relationship between ozone depletion, ODSs, and the Montreal Protocol, this component of the Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 presents 20 questions and answers about the often-complex science of ozone depletion. Most questions and answers are updates of those presented in previous Ozone Assessments, and a few have been expanded to address newly emerging issues. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone deple tion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, the extent of ozone depletion, the ...Africa's adaptation gap 2 : technical report
While the first Africa Adaptation Gap Report demonstrated how delaying action would result in exponentially rising costs down the road, this second report now turns to possible solutions to respond to this urgency. Based on the analyses contained in this report, policy makers can consider how all options at international, regional and national levels can complement each other.
The report builds on the UNEP 2014 emissions gap report that asserts that by 2050, Africa’s adaptation costs could rise to USD 50 billion per year for a scenario holding global warming below 2°C, and up to ...
Establishing a WMO sand and dust storm warning advisory and assessment system regional node for West Asia : current capabilities and needs - Executive summary
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2013 (WMO-No. 1122)The report, Establishing a WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System Regional Node for West Asia: Current Capabilities and Needs, has been elaborated under the overall supervision of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch, with the support of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Regional Office for West Asia. Its aim is to assess the observation and prediction capabilities of sand and dust storms in West Asia and provide guidance in establishing a WMO Sand and Dust Storm (SDS) Warning Advisory and Assess ...
Establishing a WMO sand and dust storm warning advisory and assessment system regional node for West Asia : current capabilities and needs - Technical report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2013 (WMO-No. 1121)Sand- and Dust Storms (SDS) are a major problem in West Asia, where their main characteristics – intensity, extent and frequency – are either not well known or have not yet been scientifically addressed. The growing concern of countries in the region about these phenomena has led to a number of high-level international meetings in recent years at which the creation of a system for SDS monitoring and forecasting has repeatedly been raised.Research priorities on vulnerability, impacts and adaptation responding to the climate change challenge
UNEP, 2013This set of research priorities was developed by the Programme of Research on Climate Change Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation (PROVIA) in consultation with both experts and policymakers to respond to the demand for better coordination of research. The research priorities include new and emerging topics, the importance of which is now coming into focus, and topics that have long been recognized as important but for which research is still required. They reflect the balance between research supply from experts and research demand from policymakers.
The focus of the research ...Low carbon agriculture
UNEP, 2013The change to a green and better fed world depends on the development of low carbon agriculture. Improving food and nutrition security while protecting the earth’s natural resource base will require a smarter, more innovative, better focused and cost-effective approach.Profile of emissions reduction potentials in developing countries
UNEP, 2013UNEP Risoe, with the support of the UNFCCC Secretariat and the ACP-MEA Programme (www.acp-cd4cdm.org), has decided to assess the emissions reduction potential in 15 diverse countries. 15 country reports have been developed, from which this synthesis report gathers the main messages. The definition of sectors and technologies used in these country reports takes its point of departure from UNEP Risoe’s CDM Methodology and Technology Selection Tool (www.cdm-meth.org). This tool has been specifically developed for the identification of technologies and related CDM methodologies for exploitation o ...Elements of a New Climate Agreement by 2015
A new global climate agreement by 2015 is crucial to keep global warming below the target of maximum 2 degree increase in this century. This will require enhanced ambitions by all Parties and need transformational change towards sustainable, low carbon development and green growth. Scenarios consistent with a likely chance to meet the 2 degree target have a peak of global emissions before 2020. Green growth and low-carbon development strategies show that economic growth and environmental sustainability are compatible objectives by making emission reductions an integral part of national ...The Emissions Gap Report
UNEP, 2012The 2012 report provides the following information: An update of global greenhouse gas emission estimates, based on a number of different authoritative scientific sources; An overview of national emission levels, both current (2010) and projected (2020) consistent with current pledges and other commitments;
An estimate of the level of global emissions consistent with the two degree target in 2020, 2030 and 2050; An update of the assessment of the "emissions gap" for 2020; A review of selected examples of the rapid progress being made in different parts of the world to implement policies ...21 Issues for the 21st Century: results of the UNEP Foresight Process on Emerging Environmental Issues
UNEP, 2012This study depicts environmental displacement with the premise of increased frequency of natural disasters and the adverse impacts of climate change. Bangladesh is already experiencing recurrent floods, severe cyclones, water logging, salinity intrusions, droughts and river bank erosion which induce mass population displacement. There is no generally agreed definition and scientifically developed methodology to estimate environmental displacement. Proper development guidelines are yet to be adopted to protect the lives and livelihoods of the displaced people who have the right to expect safe l ...Measuring Glacier Change in the Himalayas: In UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS), September 2012
UNEP, 2012A serious lack of reliable and consistent data severely hampers scientific knowledge about the state of Himalayan glaciers. As a result, the contribution of glacial melt to the Himalayan river basins remains uncertain. This is of grave importance because declining water availability could threaten the food security of more than 70 million people. There is thus an urgent need to improve cross-boundary scientific collaboration and monitoring of glaciers to bridge the knowledge gap and allow policy options to be based on appropriate scientific evidence.Climate and clean air coalition to reduce short-lived climae pollutants (CCAC)
The Coalition's initial focus is on methane, black carbon, and HFCs. At the same time, Partners recognize that action on Short lived climate pollutants must complement and supplement, not replace, global action to reduce carbon dioxide, in particular efforts under the UNFCCC.
The Coalition's objectives are to address short lived climate pollutants by: Raising awareness of short lived climate pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies; Enhancing and developing new national and regional actions, including by identifying and overcoming barriers, enhancing capacity, and mobilizing ...Accessing International Funding for Climate Change Adaptation - A Guidebook for Developing Countries
Status Report on The Application of Integrated Approaches to Water Resources Management
UNEP, 2012Over 80 per cent of countries have reformed their water laws in the past twenty years as a response to growing pressures on water resources from expanding populations, urbanization and climate change.
In many cases, such water reforms have had positive impacts on development, including improvements to drinking water access, human health and water efficiency in agriculture.
But global progress has been slower where irrigation, rainwater harvesting and investment in freshwater ecosystem services are concerned.
These are among the findings of a United ...The Drying of Iran's Lake Urmia and its Environmental Consequences
UNEP, 2012Lake Urmia in the northwestern corner of Iran is one of the largest permanent hypersaline lakes in the world and the largest lake in the Middle East (1,2,3). It extends as much as 140 km from north to south and is as wide as 85 km east to west during high water periods (4). The lake was declared a Wetland of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention in 1971 and designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1976 (5,6). The lake itself is home to a unique brine shrimp species, Artemia urmiana, and along with the surrounding wetlands and upland habitat, it supports many species of reptiles, am ...Overcoming Barriers to the Transfer and Diffusion of Climate Technologies
UNEP, 2012The guidebook is structured in eight chapters. First, the guidebook introduces the main concepts to be used. Four generic categories are defined: consumer goods, capital goods, public goods and non-market goods. These categories are used throughout the book to ease the identification of generic barriers and measures. Thereafter, guidance is provided on how to identify and analyse barriers to the transfer and diffusion of climate technologies.A Glass Half Empty: regions at Risk Due to Groundwater Depletion
UNEP, 2012The tiny fraction of freshwater not bound up in ice sheets and glaciers comprises only a very small fraction of total global water volume (about 0.79 %) (1). Global use of that freshwater, however, has been growing at roughly twice the rate of global population for the past century (2,3) (Figure 1). Even so, this volume of unfrozen freshwater is still more than adequate to meet all human needs. However, this essential resource, which is mostly stored as groundwater, is distributed quite unevenly around the globe. Furthermore, physical and economic constraints make it impractical in most cases ...The bioenergy and water nexus
UNEP, 2011Bioenergy and water are inextricably linked. For the first time, this report examines in depth these interlinkages, highlights the risks and opportunities, and offers an outlook on ways to address them. It provides policymakers with scientific information to support informed strategies and policies. The report also points to the need for further research, filling data gaps, and the development of regionalized tools. Water quantity and quality are factors that determine the extent to which bioenergy can contribute to the overall energy mix. For example, in a world already facing water stress, l ...Visions for change - recommandations for effective policies on sustainable lifestyles
UNEP, 2011This publication provides recommendations to develop efficient sustainable lifestyles policies and initiatives based on the Global Survey on Sustainable Lifestyles (GSSL). It is aimed at policy-makers and all relevant stakeholders on how best to help support the shift to sustainable lifestyles, for instance through effective communication and awareness-raising campaigns.
The survey, which involved 8,000 young urban adults from 20 different countries, points to three key dimensions of empowerment and creativity: new visions of progress, behavioural alternatives, as well as trust ...Towards a Green Economy: pathways to sustainable and poverty eradication (water chapter)
UNEP, 2011This chapter has three broad aims. First, it highlights the need for providing all households with sufficient and affordable access to clean water supplies as well as adequate sanitation. Second, it makes a case for early investment in water management and infrastructure, including ecological infrastructure. The potential to make greater use of biodiversity and ecosystem services in reducing water treatment costs and increasing productivity is emphasised. Third, the chapter provides guidance on the suite of governance arrangements and policy reforms, which, if implemented, can sustain and incr ...Towards a Green Economy: pathways to sustainable and poverty eradication (a synthesis for policy makers)
UNEP, 2011UNEP’s Green Economy Report, entitled Towards a Green Economy, aims to debunk several myths and misconceptions about the economics of “greening” the global economy, and provides timely and practical guidance to policy makers on what reforms they need to unlock the productive and employment potential of a green economy.Ready, Willing and Able : empowering Countries to Meet the Climate Challenge
UNEP, 2011Meeting the climate challenge requires individuals and institutions to be able to assess and understand climate change, design and implement adequate policies and, most important of all, to take action on low-carbon and climateresilient growth. Capacity building is a country-driven process, enabling individuals, organizations, and societies at all levels, to unleash, strengthen, build, adapt and maintain their capacities to undertake climate action.
Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2011 (WMO-No. 1073)Scientific evidence and new analyses demonstrate that control of black carbon particles and tropospheric ozone through rapid implementation of proven emission reduction measures would have immediate and multiple benefits for human well-being.Black carbon exists as particles in the atmosphere and is a major component of soot, it has significant human health and climate impacts.Climate Change Starter’s Guidebook : an issues guide for education planners and practitionners
UNESCO, 2011Aimed towards education planners and practitioners, the Guidebook is intended to provide support in developing the understanding of the science of climate change, observed and anticipated impacts, and possible responses. The Guidebook also covers the impacts on society, including poverty, health, migration, gender and ethics. It includes a section on responding to climate change, focusing on mitigation and adaptation, as well as international responses. The Guidebook continues by discussing education for climate change, touching on education for adaptation, mitigation, sustainable development ...Environment and security in the AMU Darya Basin
UNEP, 2011The report highlights water, agriculture, energy and climate change issues in Central Asia’s Amu Darya River Basin.
GORMP, 52. Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer: 2010 update : scientific assessment of ozone depletion, 2010
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2011To help maintain a broad understanding of the relationship between ozone depletion, ODSs, and the Montreal Protocol, this component of the Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010 presents 20 questions and answers about the often-complex science of ozone depletion. Most questions and answers are updates of those presented in previous Ozone Assessments, while others have been added or expanded to address newly emerging issues. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone depletion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, the success of the Mont ...
GORMP, 52. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010 - Executive summary
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2011It has been recognized since the 1970s that a number of compounds emitted by human activities deplete stratospheric ozone. The montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer was adopted in 1987 to protect global ozone and, consequently, protect life from increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation at Earth’s surface. Chlorine- and brominecontaining substances that are controlled by the montreal Protocol are known as ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).
ODSs are responsible for the depletion of stratospheric ozone observed in polar regions (for example, the “ozone hole” above An ...
GORMP, 52. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2011It has been recognized since the 1970s that a number of compounds emitted by human activities deplete stratospheric ozone. The montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer was adopted in 1987 to protect global ozone and, consequently, protect life from increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation at Earth’s surface. Chlorine- and brominecontaining substances that are controlled by the montreal Protocol are known as ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).
ODSs are responsible for the depletion of stratospheric ozone observed in polar regions (for example, the “ozone hole” above An ...Environmental consequences of ocean acidification : a threat to food security
UNEP, 2010Launched by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the report confirms concerns that some organisms, such as corals and shellfish may find it increasingly difficult to form their skeletons in the decades to come making it harder to survive let alone thrive. It also shows that ocean acidification can react together with ocean warming so that animals such as crabs have a reduced range of temperatures they can thrive in.The Emissions Gap Report : are the Copenhagen Accord Pledges Sufficient to Limit Global Warming to 2° C or 1.5° C? A preliminary assessment
UNEP, 2010Climate change represents one of the greatest challenges but also an inordinate opportunity to catalyze a transition to a low-carbon, resource efficient Green Economy.
This report informs governments and the wider community on how far a response to climate change has progressed over the past 12 months, and thus how far the world is on track to meet wider goals,.
The pledges associated with the Copenhagen Accord of 2009 are the point of departure for this report. What might be achieved in terms of limiting a global temperature rise to 2ºC or less in the 21st centur ...Investment in Walking and Cycling Road Infrastructure Share the Road
UNEP, 2010This report outlines the core argument of Share the Road, a campaign that works to help re-balance the current state of road investments across all modes. Share the Road aims to increase investments in walking and cycling infrastructure by working with all stakeholders - governments and donors in particular - to develop and implement strong investment policies specifically for non-motorised transport (NMT). The core impetus is that investments in NMT infrastructure spur a triple win in improved environment, safety and accessibility, which as a whole, contribute to sustainable development and p ...One planet, Many people. Africa Water Atlas
UNEP, 2010This Atlas is a visual account of Africa's endowment and use of water resources, revealed through 224 maps and 104 satellite images as well as some 500 graphics and hundreds of compelling photos. However the Atlas is more than a collection of static maps and images accompanied by informative facts and figures: its visual elements vividly illustrate a succinct narrative describing and analyzing Africa's water issues and exemplifying them through the judicious use of case studies. It gathers information about water in Africa and its role in the economy and development, health, food security, tra ...One planet, Many people. Latin America and the Caribbean Atlas of our Changing Environment
UNEP, 2010Latin America and the Caribbean is the richest region of the planet in terms of its biological diversity that ranges from marmosets, jaguars and parrots to orchids, palms and
cacao trees.
This diversity is sustained by the abundance of its ecosystems such as tropical forests and wealth
in natural resources and reflected too in the mosaic of cultures and people that live there. The
environment of Latin America and the Caribbean also reflects the interaction between human
activities and natural processes, both past and present.
These sometimes drama ...Climate Change Science Compendium 2009
UNEP, 2009The Climate Change Science Compendium is a review of some 400 major scientific contributions to our understanding of Earth Systems and climate that have been released through peer-reviewed literature or from research institutions over the last three years, since the close of research for consideration by the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.Blue Carbon : The Role of Healthy Oceans in Binding Carbon
This report explores the potential for mitigating the impacts of climate change by improved management and protection of marine ecosystems and especially the vegetated coastal habitat, or blue carbon sinks. The objective of this report is to highlight the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems in maintaining our climate and in assisting policy makers to mainstream an oceans agenda into national and international climate change initiatives. While emissions’ reductions are currently at the centre of the climate change discussions, the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems ha ...One planet, Many people. Uganda
UNEP, 2009The Uganda Atlas of Our Changing Environment, prepared by the National Environmental Management Authority of Uganda, provides extensive scientific evidence of Uganda's changing environment. Modelled after Africa: Atlas of our Changing Environment previously published by UNEP, the Uganda Atlas seeks to safeguard the country's environment and inspire decision makers to action.One planet, Many people. Africa
UNEP, 2008Increasing concern as to how human activities impact Africa’s environment has led to documentation and quantification of the changes taking place. Through a combination of ground photographs, current and historical satellite images, and narrative based on extensive scientific evidence, this publication illustrates how humans have altered their surroundings and continue to make observable and measurable changes to Africa and its environment. A large-format, hard cover atlas of environmental change in each of Africa’s 53 countries, with reports on their progress toward the United Nation’s Millen ...
GORMP, 50. Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer: 2006 update : scientific assessment of ozone depletion, 2006
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2007To help maintain a broad understanding of the relationship between ozone depletion, ODSs, and the Montreal Protocol, this component of the Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006 presents 20 questions and answers about the often-complex science of ozone depletion. Most questions and answers are updates of those presented in previous Ozone Assessments, while others have been added or expanded to address newly emerging issues. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone depletion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, the success of the Mont ...
GORMP, 50. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006 : report of the Montreal Protocol Scientific Assessment Panel
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2007It has been recognized since the 1970s that a number of compounds emitted by human activities deplete stratospheric ozone. The montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer was adopted in 1987 to protect global ozone and, consequently, protect life from increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation at Earth’s surface. Chlorine- and brominecontaining substances that are controlled by the montreal Protocol are known as ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).
ODSs are responsible for the depletion of stratospheric ozone observed in polar regions (for example, the “ozone hole” above An ...Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer - seventh edition
UNEP, 2006Since 1991 the publication of the Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987) has proved to be an invaluable reference source for the decisions the Parties have made in the process of developing the ozone regime. The Handbook itself is published in response to the Parties’ decision (made in 1990) requesting the Secretariat to publish and update regularly a Handbook, setting out the Protocol, as adjusted and amended, together with the decisions of the Parties and other relevant material. Since then, the Protocol has been adjusted on six occasions and ame ...
Capacity building for ozone monitoring in developing countries
WMO, 2006Capacity building for ozone monitoring and research in developing countries and in countries with economies in transition comes from the general commitments anchored in the Vienna Convention. The Parties under the Vienna Convention established the Trust Fund for Research and Systematic Observations for funding activities consistent with the objectives of the Vienna Convention and the recommendations of the Ozone Research Managers’ Meetings. Those aims are also consistent with the Strategy for the Implementation of the Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organiza ...One planet, Many people. Africa Lakes
UNEP, 2006The dramatic and, in some cases damaging environmental changes sweeping Africa’s lakes are brought into sharp focus in a new atlas. Produced by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Atlas of African Lakes compares and contrasts spectacular satellite images of the past few decades with contemporary ones.Facing the Facts: Assessing the Vulnerability of Africa's Water Resources to Environmental Change
UNEP, 2005Africa's high dependence on natural resources makes its people vulnerable to environmental change. Acknowledging this, UNEP and START initiated a study in Feb. 2003 - (Vulnerability of Water Resources to Environmental Change in Afica). In the publication 4 regional groups of researchers address the vulnerability issue in Southern, Eastern, Western and Northern Africa by means of selected river/lake/groundwater,basins according to natural (physuigraphic) anthropogenic (socio-economic) and management criteria. The basin was selected as a key unit for assessment because it balances resource prote ...One planet, Many people. One Planet Many People
UNEP, 2005One Planet, Many People is intended for environmental policy makers, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, academics, teachers and citizens. This colorful and approachable atlas contains photographs, satellite images, maps and narratives that provide insights into the many ways people around the world have changed, and continue to change, the environment.
Aviation and the Global Atmospheric Environment
Based essentially on the Special Report, this booklet summarises the authoritative assessments of the effects of aviation emissions on the global atmospheric environment. The aviation industry is an integral and vital part of modern society, and its expected growth makes it imperative to highlight the current and possible future impacts of aircraft on the atmosphere.GORMP, 47. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002 - Executive summary
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2003It has been recognized since the 1970s that a number of compounds emitted by human activities deplete stratospheric ozone. The montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer was adopted in 1987 to protect global ozone and, consequently, protect life from increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation at Earth’s surface. Chlorine- and brominecontaining substances that are controlled by the montreal Protocol are known as ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).
ODSs are responsible for the depletion of stratospheric ozone observed in polar regions (for example, the “ozone hole” above An ...
GORMP, 47. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2003It has been recognized since the 1970s that a number of compounds emitted by human activities deplete stratospheric ozone. The montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone layer was adopted in 1987 to protect global ozone and, consequently, protect life from increased ultraviolet (UV) radiation at Earth’s surface. Chlorine- and brominecontaining substances that are controlled by the montreal Protocol are known as ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).
ODSs are responsible for the depletion of stratospheric ozone observed in polar regions (for example, the “ozone hole” above An ...Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer. 2002 Report of the Halons Technical Options Committee (HTOC) : 2002 Assessment
UNEP, 2003This Report reveals efforts of the Halons Technical Options Committee (HTOC) to identify, develop and test alternatives that can used in place of the halons. Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete The Ozone Layer, the use of halons is being phased out in industries such as: merchant shipping, oil and gas production, and in civil aviation, as well as in the military, for explosion suppression, and in countries with economies in transition. The report reveals the progress that has been made towards the objective of reducing the need for halons, and discusses some of the problems ...Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer. 2002 Report of the Aerosols, Sterilants, Miscellaneous Uses and Carbon Tetrachloride Technical Options Committee (ATOC) : 2002 Assessment
UNEP, 2003In response to the scientific consensus that chlorofluorocarbons and halons deplete the ozone layer, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) enacted the Montreal Protocol as the principal legal document to authorize the fight to reduce the production of substances that deplete the ozone layer. This document presents an assessment report compiled by the Sterilants, Miscellaneous Uses and Carbon Tetrachloride Technical Options Committee, and reveals the progress made in efforts to phase out the consumption of chlorofluorocarbons commonly used in aerosol sprays. It also puts forward recom ...Assessing the Impacts of Short-Lived Compounds on Stratospheric Ozone : Report to the United Nations Environment Programme from the Cochairs of the Montreal Protocol. Scientific Assessment Panel
UNEP, 2000Action on ozone
UNEP, 2000It is one of UNEP’s proudest achievements to have led the international effort to protect the Earth’s ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol, which was negotiated under our aegis, has, rightly, been regarded as a model for other international environmental agreements.
World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP), 50. Biometeorology and urban climatology at the turn of the millennium : selected papers from the Conference ICS-ICUC'99
Dear Richard J.de; World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2000 (WMO/TD-No. 1026)Report of the Secretariat on information provided by the parties in accordance with Article 7 and 9 of the Montreal Protocol
UNEP, 1999GESAMP - Reports and Studies, 63. Report of the Twenty-seventh session of GESAMP
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); et al. - UNEP, 1997The Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine pollution (GESAMP) held its twenty-seventh session at UNEP Headquarters, Nairobi from 14-18 April 1997.Understanding climate change : a beginner's guide to the UN Framework Convention
Information Unit on Climate Change (IUCC); Information Unit on Climate Change (IUCC); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - UNEP, 1995Introduction: A giant asteroid could hit the earth! Something else could happen! The global temperature could rise! Wake up! The 1990s have been a time of international soul- searching about the environment. What are we doing to our planet? More and more, we are realising that the Industrial Revolution has changed forever the relationship between humanity and nature. There is real concern that by the middle or the end of the next century human activities will have changed the basic conditions that have allowed life to thrive on earth.Convention on biological diversity : text and annex
UNEP, 1992The Biological Diversity Convention was ratified by Colombia and incorporated into national legislation through law number 165, 1994. The objectives of this convention are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the just and equitable participation of the benefits, which derive from the use of genetic resources. Through, amongst other things, an adequate access to these resources and the appropriate transference of the relevant technologies, taking into account all the rights over these resources and these technologies, as well as through appropriate ...Impacts Assessment of Climate Change
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - WMO, 1990Conference proceedings - The Changing atmosphere, implications for global security = Actes de la conférence - L'Atmosphère en évolution, implications pour la sécurité du globe
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE) - WMO, 1989 (WMO-No. 712)
IPCC, 01. Report of the First session of the WMO/UNEP Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 1988 (WMO/TD-No. 267)GEMS/ water operationnal guide
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); World Health Organization (WHO); et al. - UNEP, 1981Adaptation gap report
This report provides a framework for defining adaptation gaps and a preliminary assessment of the gap between adaptation needs and reality. It proposes an approach for identifying and assessing the current state and action in key adaptation areas, and comparing these with the potential now, and in the future, for additional adaptation to reduce risks. The report is a response to calls for UNEP to produce a report on adaptation gaps to complement the annual Emissions Gap report.Africa Adaptation Knowledge Network (AAKNet)
The Africa Adaptation Knowledge Network (AAKNet) provides the following services: Aggregating knowledge in addressing pertinent climatic risks, shared across region and across countries in addressing short, medium and long term adaptation needs; Harnessing knowledge for strategic planning processes including knowledge generated as pilots and also knowledge managed by other platforms; Providing tailored support in knowledge needs structured and packaged in a useable format to serve strategic planning processes; Harnessing knowledge platforms in powering strategic planning of regional frameworks ...OzoNews
The OzonAction Newletter produced by theOzonAction Branch is a tri-annual publication dedicated to the protection of the ozone layer and implementation of the MontrealProtocol.
Since 1987 the OzonAction Newsletter has played an essential role in providing the excellent record of authentic, policy-relevant and consistent messges that contributed to the progress that Parties to the Montreal Protocol have achieved.PROVIA: Programme of Research on Climate Change Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - WMOLaunched with the support of leading scientists and decision-makers, PROVIA responds to the call for a more cohesive and coordinated approach to harmonize, mobilize, and communicate the growing knowledge-base on vulnerability, impacts and adaptation. The PROVIA website provides an interactive platform for a growing network of scientists, practitioners and decision makers working towards identifying knowledge gaps and meeting policy needs in vulnerability, impacts and adaptation research.
PROVIA's vision is to create an interface between the scientific community and decision make ...GRID-Arendal
GRID-Arendal is an official United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) collaborating centre, supporting informed decision making and awareness-raising through:
* Environmental information management and assessment
* Capacity building services
* Outreach and communication tools, methodologies and productsUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Mission:
To provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.Our planet
UNEP, 1993-[...]UNEP Annual Report
UNEP, 2017-[...]
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