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GAW Report, 278. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2022 (GAW 278)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2022To help maintain a broad understanding of the relationship between ozone depletion, ODSs, and the Montreal Protocol, this component of the Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 presents 20 questions and answers about the often-complex science of ozone depletion. Most questions and answers are updates of those presented in previous Ozone Assessments, and a few have been expanded to address newly emerging issues. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone deple tion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, the extent of ozone depletion, the ...
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018 (GORMP 58)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2018The Assessment documents the advances in scientific understanding of ozone depletion reflecting the thinking of the many international scientific experts who have contributed to its preparation and review. These advances add to the scientific basis for decisions made by the Parties to the Montreal Protocol. It is based on longer observational records, new chemistry- climate model simulations, and new analyses.
全球升温 1,5 °C
本决策者摘要（SPM）根据对涉及全球升温1.5°C的现有科学、技术及社会经济文献2的评估 介绍了本特别报告的关键发现，并用于在全球升温高于工业化前水平1.5°C与2°C之间的比较。与 每项关键发现相关的置信度都使用IPCC的标定语言。3每项关键发现的基本科学依据采用章节内 容的参考索引标示。在SPM中，确定了与报告基础章节相关的知识差距。
Understanding the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C
In 2015 governments adopted the Paris Agreement to tackle climate change (see below) and invited the IPCC to prepare a special report in 2018 to assess the impacts and related pathways of warming of 1.5ºC. This brief provides context and explanation of key concepts for policymakers, media and others about the Special Report on 1.5°C, scheduled to be published, subject to approval, by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 8 October 2018. This brief is produced prior to the release of the report and therefore does not contain results from the report itself.
Global Assessment of Sand and Dust Storms
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - UNEP, 2016The specific objectives of the assessment are to:
1. Synthesise and highlight the environmental and socio-economic causes and impacts of SDS, as well as available technical measures for their mitigation, at the local, regional and global levels.
2. Show how the mitigation of SDS can yield multiple sustainable development benefits.
3. Synthesize information on current policy responses for mitigating SDS.
4. Present options for an improved strategy for mitigating SDS at the local, regional and global levels, building on existing institutions and agreements.
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Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 - Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer: 2014 update (GORMP 56)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2015To help maintain a broad understanding of the relationship between ozone depletion, ODSs, and the Montreal Protocol, this component of the Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 presents 20 questions and answers about the often-complex science of ozone depletion. Most questions and answers are updates of those presented in previous Ozone Assessments, and a few have been expanded to address newly emerging issues. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone deple tion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, the extent of ozone depletion, the ...
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Promoting ecosystems for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation : Opportunities for Integration
This discussion paper examines differences and similarities between ecosystem-based approaches to disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) and ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation (EBA).
It suggests key integration points at the project level through examining a number of Eco-DRR, EBA and hybrid (Eco-DRR/CCA) projects. A total of 38 (Eco-DRR, EBA and hybrid Eco-DRR/CCA) projects are examined in terms of their aims, assessments, implementation, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) and policy and institutional contexts to understand how in practice these approaches differ and overlap and ...
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Africa's adaptation gap 2 : technical report
While the first Africa Adaptation Gap Report demonstrated how delaying action would result in exponentially rising costs down the road, this second report now turns to possible solutions to respond to this urgency. Based on the analyses contained in this report, policy makers can consider how all options at international, regional and national levels can complement each other.
The report builds on the UNEP 2014 emissions gap report that asserts that by 2050, Africa’s adaptation costs could rise to USD 50 billion per year for a scenario holding global warming below 2°C, and up to ...
Establishing a WMO sand and dust storm warning advisory and assessment system regional node for West Asia : current capabilities and needs - Executive summary
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2013 (WMO-No. 1122)The report, Establishing a WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System Regional Node for West Asia: Current Capabilities and Needs, has been elaborated under the overall supervision of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch, with the support of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Regional Office for West Asia. Its aim is to assess the observation and prediction capabilities of sand and dust storms in West Asia and provide guidance in establishing a WMO Sand and Dust Storm (SDS) Warning Advisory and Assess ...
Establishing a WMO sand and dust storm warning advisory and assessment system regional node for West Asia : current capabilities and needs - Technical report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2013 (WMO-No. 1121)Sand- and Dust Storms (SDS) are a major problem in West Asia, where their main characteristics – intensity, extent and frequency – are either not well known or have not yet been scientifically addressed. The growing concern of countries in the region about these phenomena has led to a number of high-level international meetings in recent years at which the creation of a system for SDS monitoring and forecasting has repeatedly been raised.
Research priorities on vulnerability, impacts and adaptation responding to the climate change challenge
UNEP, 2013This set of research priorities was developed by the Programme of Research on Climate Change Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation (PROVIA) in consultation with both experts and policymakers to respond to the demand for better coordination of research. The research priorities include new and emerging topics, the importance of which is now coming into focus, and topics that have long been recognized as important but for which research is still required. They reflect the balance between research supply from experts and research demand from policymakers.
The focus of the research ...
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Low carbon agriculture
UNEP, 2013The change to a green and better fed world depends on the development of low carbon agriculture. Improving food and nutrition security while protecting the earth’s natural resource base will require a smarter, more innovative, better focused and cost-effective approach.
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Profile of emissions reduction potentials in developing countries
UNEP, 2013UNEP Risoe, with the support of the UNFCCC Secretariat and the ACP-MEA Programme (www.acp-cd4cdm.org), has decided to assess the emissions reduction potential in 15 diverse countries. 15 country reports have been developed, from which this synthesis report gathers the main messages. The definition of sectors and technologies used in these country reports takes its point of departure from UNEP Risoe’s CDM Methodology and Technology Selection Tool (www.cdm-meth.org). This tool has been specifically developed for the identification of technologies and related CDM methodologies for exploitation o ...
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