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State of the Global Climate 2021 (WMO-No. 1290)
The publication provides a summary on the state of the climate indicators in 2021 including global temperatures trends and its distribution around the globe; most recent finding on Green House Gases concentration, Ocean indicators; Cryosphere with a particular emphasis on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, greenland ice sheet and glaciers and snow cover; Stratospheric Ozone; analysis of major drivers of inter-annual climate variability during the year including the El Niño Souther Oscillation and other Ocean and Atmshperic indices; global precipitation distribution over land; extreme events includi ...
International Workshop on Satellite Analysis of Tropical Cyclones (IWSATC-3): Final report
WMO, 2022In this report, we summarize the reported changes in TC satellite analysis techniques since IWSATC-I (2011) and highlight the continued development of existing objective analysis methods as well as the emergence of new algorithms.
Drought and Water Scarcity (WMO-No. 1284)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; IDMP expert panel with 14 experts from various IDMP partner organizations including UNCCD and FAO - WMO, 2022Driven by climate change, population growth, economic development, and poor water management, the increasingly limited availability of freshwater resources is a fundamental concern for societies worldwide. Drought and water scarcity – two major phenomena that challenge water security – know no national boundaries and affect all socioeconomic sectors of society, with a greater impact on the more vulnerable, poorer or marginalized populations.
Drought is a natural climatic feature of below-average precipitation, which can last for months or years, while water scarcity results from a long- ...
GCOS, 243. 29th Session of the GCOS Steering Committee
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2022
GCOS, 242. Report of the Thirteenth GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-13)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2022
Stories of success: Building Resilience to High-Impact Hydro-meteorological events through Strengthening Multi-hazard Early Warning Systems in Small Island Develoiping States and South East Asia : Canada CREWS Project
GAW Report, 273. Seventh Session of the Research Board Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Seventh session report of the Research Board Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee (8–11 February 2021, Geneva, Switzerland) - WMO, 2022
WMO Calendar
WMO, 2017-[...], 2022
Региональная ассоциация VI (Европа) - Сокращенный окончательный отчет восемнадцатой сессии (ВМО-№ 1260)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Regional Association VI (Europe), 18th session (20 November 2020 and 29 November 2021; Virtual Session) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1260)
Regional Association VI (Europe) - Abridged final report of the Eighteenth session (WMO-No. 1260)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Regional Association VI (Europe), 18th session (20 November 2020 and 29 November 2021; Virtual Session) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1260)
الاتحاد الإقليمي السادس (أوروبا) – التقرير النهائي الموجز للدورة الثامنة عشرة (مطبوع المنظمة رقم 1260)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Regional Association VI (Europe), 18th session (20 November 2020 and 29 November 2021; Virtual Session) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1260)
Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160) : Annex VIII to the WMO Technical Regulations
This is the first edition of the Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160), developed following the decision of the Sixteenth World Meteorological Congress to proceed with the implementation of that System (WIGOS). It was approved by the Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress.
The Manual was developed by the Executive Council through its Inter-Commission Coordination Group on WIGOS, specifically its Task Team on WIGOS Regulatory Material. It is the result of a collaborative approach involving all interested technical commissions under the leadership of the C ...
观测、基础设施与信息系统委员会 : 第一次届会最终节略报告 (WMO-No. 1251)
世界气象组织 (WMO); INFCOM-1 (18 March–18 May 2020, 9–13 November 2020, 12–16 April 2021) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1251)
Guidelines on Seasonal Hydrological Prediction (WMO-No. 1274)
This document introduces the general concept of seasonal hydrological forecasting and sources of predictability of hydrological parameters over longer lead-time. It provides information on available methods of seasonal hydrological prediction and corresponding data needs. It also provides basic information about the process of system design with an emphasis on users’ engagement within the entire service development and delivery cycle.
Regional Association II (Asia): Abridged final report with resolutions and decisions of the Seventeenth Session (WMO-No. 1279)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Virtual sessions (25-26 May 2021 and 27-30 September 2021) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1279)
Commission for Observation, Infrastructure and Information Systems : Abridged Final Report of the First Session (WMO-No. 1251)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; INFCOM-1 (18 March–18 May 2020, 9–13 November 2020, 12–16 April 2021) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1251)
أطلس المنظمة العالمیة للأرصاد الجوية بشأن الوفیات والخسائر الاقتصادية الناجمة عن ظواهر الطقس والمناخ والماء المتطرفة (1970–2019) (مطبوع المنظمة رقم 1267)
An overview of impacts from weather, climate and water extremes globally from 1970 to 2019 based on disaster data from the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT). Disaster statistics are conducted for the 50-year and decadal periods at the national, regional and global scales.
A special section on the disproportionate impacts that tropical cyclones have on disaster statistics as well as on developing countries.
Contributions from UNDRR and WHO discussing relevant sectoral loss and damage statistics, challenges and opportunities in recording and analysis of loss and damage data consid ...
Guidelines on Surface Station Data Quality Control and Quality Assurance for Climate Applications (WMO-No. 1269)
The publication provides guidance on quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) principles and procedures for observational data from surface meteorological stations. It discusses QC/QA requirements for climate applications, documents key elements of data life cycle quality assurance and provides a range of categorised quality control tests.
Regional Association I (Africa): Abridged final report of the Eighteenth session (WMO-No. 1266)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Virtual session (18 to 19 March 2021 and 23-26 August 2021) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1266)
TCP, 30. Regional Association IV – Hurricane Operational Plan for North America, Central America and the Caribbean (WMO-No. 1163)
The regional activities under the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme consist mainly of the programmes pursued by groups of countries acting in concert to improve their warning systems. In Region IV (North America, Central America and the Caribbean) there is a long history of collective action specifically designed to protect people and property from the severe tropical cyclones which are called hurricanes in the Region. A working group, known as the RA IV Hurricane Committee, was established by the seventh session of Regional Association IV (Mexico City, April May 1977) to promote such activities ...
Commission for Weather, Climate, Water and Related Environmental Services and Applications : Abridged Final Report of the First Session (WMO-No. 1259)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; SERCOM-1 (March–May 2020 (by correspondence); 22–26 February 2021 (virtual session)) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1259)
GCOS, 241. 26th Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC-26)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 238. GCOS Joint Panels Meeting (AOPC-26, OOPC-24 and TOPC-23)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
IOM Report, 135. Survey on the Use of the Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; A. Lilja, S. Cohn, C. Fierz, J. Gueusquin, T. Konzelmann, P-W. S. Lau and A. Webb - WMO, 2021
Review for the Forty Years of WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme (1980–2020) (WMO-No. 1270)
To celebrate the 40 years of the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP), a review was organized to highlight achievements and success stories of TCP for the past 40 years, including foundational background history, activities, achievements, benefits to the Members, etc. The review also briefly looked at the ways forward for the future of TCP to address the emerging challenges and opportunities in the years ahead.
حالة المناخ في أفريقيا 2020 (مطبوع المنظمة رقم 1275)
The State of the Climate in Africa 2020, report provides a snapshot of climate trends, observed high-impact events and associated risks and impacts on key sensitive sectors in Africa during the year 2020. The report also draws lessons on existing compunded effect of COVID-19, and pathways for investement for improving climate action in the continent.
AGM, 110. Commission on Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) - Expert Team 3.1 ‐ Report on Drought (2014‐2018)
This report is the output from the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) Expert Team on Drought (Expert Team 3.1) from 2014 to 2018. The team members addressed several Terms of Reference (TOR) requested by the 16th Session of the WMO CAgM held in Antalya, Turkey in April 2014. These TORs included the following: (a) Review the definition of drought and conduct a comprehensive review of the definitions and phases of drought (onset, duration, recovery and the ‘end point’ of drought in all regions); (b) Identify case studies and conduct a literature review of the socio‐economic impacts ...
GAW Report, 257. Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET); Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe (El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station, Huelva, Spain, 17–28 June 2019) - WMO, 2021XIV Regional intercomparison of the Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) was held at El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station of the “Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial” (INTA) during the period 17 – 28 of June, 2019. 21 Brewer spectrometers, 15 operators and experts from 11 countries took part in XIV Regional intercomparison campaign. The campaign was organized in collaboration with the “Area of Instrumentation and Atmospheric Research” of INTA, with the support of the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The Brewer travelli ...
WMO Guidelines on Multi-hazard Impact-based Forecast and Warning Services (WMO-No. 1150), Part II: Putting Multi-Hazard IBFWS into Practice
This publication, 1150 Part II follows WMO-No. 1150, Part I which was published in 2015. In the intervening years, as many NMHSs and their partner agencies developed impact-based forecast and warning services (IBFWS), understanding, experience and knowledge in this area has developed and grown significantly. The material presented in this “1150 Part II” seeks to distil and summarise that knowledge and to provide examples of good practices in IBFWS, illustrating and augmenting the insights contained in the original guidelines.
WMO Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2019) (WMO-No. 1267)
An overview of impacts from weather, climate and water extremes globally from 1970 to 2019 based on disaster data from the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT). Disaster statistics are conducted for the 50-year and decadal periods at the national, regional and global scales.
A special section on the disproportionate impacts that tropical cyclones have on disaster statistics as well as on developing countries.
Contributions from UNDRR and WHO discussing relevant sectoral loss and damage statistics, challenges and opportunities in recording and analysis of loss and damage data consid ...
OSCAR Series. OSCAR/Surface User Manual
The Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review tool (OSCAR) of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) Information Resource (WIR) is a key source of information for WIGOS metadata. The surface- and space-based components of OSCAR are intended to record observing platform/station metadata, according to the WIGOS Metadata Standard described in the Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160) and in the WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMO-No. 1192), and to retain a record of the current and historical WIGOS metadata. This Manual explains how to use OSCAR/Surface, ...
Report of the Second High-level Session (OCP-HL-2)
The Second High-Level Session of the OCP (OCP-HL-2) was held on 26 and 27 May 2021. The discussions were around two themes: (1) the future of weather and climate forecasting, and (2) the future evolution of NMHSs and stakeholders. This report summarizes the main perspectives and recommendations arising at the OCP-HL-2 discussions. The report will be used as a reference by all the stakeholders in global weather and climate enterprise to understand challenges and drivers for change as well as forming common visions and collaborative efforts.
The Report of the Audit and Oversight Committee : EC-73/INF. 7(3), 31.VI.2021
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Executive Council, 73rd session (14-25 June 2021, Virtual Session) - WMO, 2021
ORM11 GAW 271, 271. Report of Part II of the Eleventh Meeting of the Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Online Meeting, 19-23 July 2021)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Part II of the Eleventh Meeting of the Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Online Meeting, 19-23 July 2021) - WMO, 2021
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.17: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2020
This Bulletin represents the latest analysis of observations from the WMO GAW Programme. It shows globally averaged surface mole fractions for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and compares them with the mole fractions during the previous year and with the preindustrial levels. It also provides insights on the change in radiative forcing by long-lived GHGs (LLGHGs) and contribution of individual gases to this increase.
Developing the Climate Science Basis for Climate Action
The purpose of this publication and associated resources is to provide the international community on adaptation practices with access to new climate information, tools, and guidance to develop the scientific basis for climate action decisions, particularly for climate adaptation and resilience projects. Providing these products can help countries identify and select the most effective climate actions to overcome the various challenges of climate change. In doing so, the guidance can contribute to country-level decision-making and the mobilization of climate finance.
State of the Climate in Africa 2020 (WMO-No. 1275)
The State of the Climate in Africa 2020, report provides a snapshot of climate trends, observed high-impact events and associated risks and impacts on key sensitive sectors in Africa during the year 2020. The report also draws lessons on existing compunded effect of COVID-19, and pathways for investement for improving climate action in the continent.
AGM, 109. Assessment of Simple Farmer Rain Gauges Used in the WMO METAGRI OPS Project
The purpose of the various METAGRI projects in West Africa was to increase the flow of information from National Meteorological and Hydrological Services to farmers and this included the need for simple rain gauges to be distributed to farmers. The METAGRI OPERATIONAL Project needed technical specifications for the ‘farmer’s rain gauge’ to make it more suitable for the purpose. The former Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) Lead Centre agreed to cooperate with the involved NMHSs in the evaluation of the rain gauges by technical consultations, laboratory tests and fiel ...
AGM, 108. Manual For Creating a Weather-based Crop Calendar : A Case Study from Senegal
Crop calendars, indicating the optimal time of planting and the time of harvest, can aid both farmers and advisory experts in the field of agriculture to reduce any risks. Existing crop calendars are made available for many countries but the planting and harvest periods are very general and can even comprise a period of two months. Defining the onset of the rainy season for the different regions and providing more detailed information about crop cultivation in relation to the length of the growing season, will help farmers reduce their losses and increase crop yield. This report describex a me ...
توجیهات بشأن التعاون بین القطاعین العام والخاص (WMO-No. 1258)
As a guiding document for Members pursuing cooperation with non-State entities aimed, inter alia, at supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda 2030, the Paris Agreement, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. The document provides background information on the evolution of the WMO policy and the proposed transformation of the PPE Policy Framework ( edition 2018) into a WMO Guidelines.
The Guidelines are aimed to inform and facilitate global, regional and national actions by the WMO and its Members towards proactive engagement between the public, ...
2021 State of Climate Services (WMO-No. 1278)
More than 2 billion people are living in countries under water stress and 3.6 billion people face inadequate access to water at least one month per year. Meanwhile, water-related hazards have increased in frequency for the past 20 years. Since 2000, flood-related disasters have increased by 134%, and the number and duration of droughts also increased by 29%.
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is vital to achieving long-term social, economic and environmental well-being. But, although most countries have advanced their level of IWRM implementation, 107 countries remain ...
لجنة خدمات وتطبيقات الطقس والمناخ والماء والخدمات والتطبيقات البيئية ذات الصلة : التقرير النهائي الموجز للدورة الأولى
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; SERCOM-1 (March–May 2020 (by correspondence); 22–26 February 2021 (virtual session)) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1259)
公共私营参与指导原则 (WMO-No. 1258)
As a guiding document for Members pursuing cooperation with non-State entities aimed, inter alia, at supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda 2030, the Paris Agreement, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. The document provides background information on the evolution of the WMO policy and the proposed transformation of the PPE Policy Framework ( edition 2018) into a WMO Guidelines.
The Guidelines are aimed to inform and facilitate global, regional and national actions by the WMO and its Members towards proactive engagement between the public, ...
United In Science 2021 : A multi-organization high-level compilation of the latest climate science information
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); et al. - WMO, 2021
SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS FINANCING FACILITY (SOFF) : Draft Terms of Reference
This document presents the draft Terms of Reference of the Systematic Observations
Financing Facility (SOFF) UN Multi-Partner Trust Fund.
It is the result of an intensive two-year participatory process to which many stakeholders
contributed. It reflects the outcomes of the SOFF first and second potential Funders’
Forums that took place in March and June 2021. The SOFF team is grateful for the
support and inputs received from all stakeholders.
The document provides the basis for discussions and feedback at the third forum for
pote ...
GCOS, 240. The Global Climate Observing System 2021: The GCOS Status Report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 239. حالة النظام العالمي لرصد المناخ لعام 2021 : ملخص تنفيذي
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 239. 全球气候观测系统现状报告（2021）: 执行摘要
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 239. The Global Climate Observing System 2021: Executive Summary
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GAW Report, 267/Research Infrastructure Quality Assurance. Fifth International Comparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers Villa Ortúzar Observatory, Argentina, 4-22 March 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Glen McConville, Koji Miyagawa, and Gerardo Carbajal Benítez - WMO, 2021This report describes the Fifth Intercomparison of Dobson Spectophotometers (IC/BUA-19) carried out at the Main Buenos Aires Observatory (Villa Ortúzar) of the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina) (SMN) from 4 March to 22 March 2019. The Dobson spectrophotometer D065 was used as a reference for comparison of measured ozone column values and to calibrate individual instruments. The Regional Standard (R-III) also participated in the event and was calibrated. Through this activity, the data obtained by individual Dobson Spectrophotometers at different measurement sites will be standardized ...
天气、气候、水及相关环境服务与应用委员会 : 第一次届会最终节略报告
世界气象组织 (WMO); SERCOM-1 (March–May 2020 (by correspondence); 22–26 February 2021 (virtual session)) - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1259)
An Update on Low-cost Sensors for the Measurement of Atmospheric Composition, December 2020
Richard E. Peltier ; Núria Castell, Andrea L Clements, Tim Dye, Christoph Hüglin, Jesse H Kroll, Shih-Chun Candice Lung, Zhi Ning, Matthew Parsons, Michele Penza, Fabienne Reisen and Erika von Schneidemesser - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1215)The report reflects on the state of the art in terms of accuracy, reliability and reproducibility of different sensors used for the measurements of reactive and greenhouse gases, and aerosols, along with the key analytical principles and what has been learned so far about low-cost sensors from both laboratory studies and real-world tests (up to August 2020). In some cases, scientific literature that had been accepted, but not yet published in a final form, was included in this review. Some national and international government documents were also included in this synthesis. The report includes ...
Sea-ice Information and Services
This document contains a summarized history of sea-ice information services, as well as a description of the various types of sea ice, the ice observing methods currently being used, and the types of ice information services currently being provided. The sea-ice information services of 17 countries according to region, including information about organization, data acquisition, products and forecasts, publications and contact details, will be available soon on the WMO community website.
Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF): Second Funders’ Forum
This report intends to provide the basis for discussion at the Second Funders' Forum, with particular focus on: the value proposition of the Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF), the proposed institutional and operational design and respective arrangements of the Facility.
Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF): First Funders’ Forum
This document provides the basis for discussions at the first forum for potential funders of the Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF), virtually taking place on 24 March 2021. The objective of the first forum is to present to potential funders the rationale for the establishment of SOFF; to present the current approach to the institutional design of SOFF; to summarize the process, timeline and status of preparations; to identify participants’ questions that have to be addressed; and to present the expectations for the subsequent meetings. Two additional potential Funders’ Forums a ...
Report on the Unexpected Emissions of CFC-11 (WMO-No. 1268)
The Report was written by the Scientific Assessment Panel to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. CFC-11 (CCl3F) was reportedly fully controlled under the Montreal Protocol since 2010. However, a 2018 scientific paper revealed that instead of decreasing, CFC-11 emissions were increasing. In reaction, the Protocol parties agreed to Decision XXX/3: Unexpected emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11). This Report addresses: current and past observations of CFC-11 atmospheric abundances; information on the CFC-11 global and regional emission increase and subsequent ...
GAW Report, 266. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global GAW Station Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus Germany, September 2020
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; C. Zellweger, M. Steinbacher, B. Buchmann, R. Steinbrecher - WMO, 2021The 6th system and performance audit by WCC-Empa at the global GAW station Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus (ZSF) was conducted from 8 - 9 September 2020 in agreement with the WMO/GAW quality assurance system. This report summarises the assessment of the Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus GAW station in general, as well as the surface ozone, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide measurements in particular. The recommendations found in this report are graded as minor, important and critical and are complemented by a priority indication and a suggested completion date.
GAW Report, 263. Report of the Fifth Methane Reference Gas Inter-comparison Experiment for Japan from 2018 to 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA); Teruo Kawasaki, Atsuya Kinoshita, Yousuke Sawa, Akihiko Murata, Shinji Morimoto, Shohei Murayama, Toshinobu Machida, Motoki Sasakawa, Kazuhiro Tsuboi - WMO, 2021The WCC-JMA organized six rounds of the CH4 reference gas inter-comparison experiments from 2001 to 2019 to quantify differences among CH4 standard scales implemented at each participating laboratory as well as to monitor the long-term stability of standard gases in Asia and the South-West Pacific. In the 5th round inter-comparison for Japan, two reference gas cylinders were circulated in turn to JMA, JAMSTEC, TU, AIST, NIES, MRI, and JMA from September 2018 to April 2019. The measurement results of JAMSTEC and WCC-JMA have shown a good agreement with differences of less than 0.4 ppb for two ...
HYDROMET GAP REPORT 2021
The Country Hydromet Diagnostics responds to the need for a standardized, integrated and operational tool and approach for diagnosing National Meteorological Services, their operating environment, and their contribution to high-quality weather, climate, hydrological and environmental information services and warnings. The Diagnostics is an umbrella tool that draws on and adds value to existing WMO assessment material by synthesizing existing approaches and data into an easily interpretable form, validating the information provided by WMO Members through a peer review process, and obtaining mis ...
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