Global Campus
The WMO Global Campus E-Library
The WMO Global Campus initiative is proud to offer this WMOLearn Library of resources. This library provides a searchable collection of educational resources, including WMO publications and education and training materials from various contributing organisations and individuals. Search by WMO competency framework, Main Topics, Region and Country, and/or Nature of Information to find materials useful for training or self-directed learning.
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Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition: Chapter 7: Synoptic and Mesoscale Systems
In this chapter, we examine the wide-variety of synoptic and mesoscale weather systems that affect the tropics, including, tropical easterly waves, upper tropospheric troughs, monsoon depressions, subtropical cyclones, westerly wind bursts, and cold fronts. Extratropical interactions, such as those caused by Rossby wave trains and the MJO, are examined. The chapter presents a review of thunderstorms and lightning. The structure, formation mechanisms, and impacts of mesoscale convective systems are examined. The distribution of lightning globally and within mesoscale systems is examined. Mesosc ...
North Wall Effects on Winds and Waves
North Wall events refer to high wind and wave events that occur along the north edge of warm, fast, western boundary currents. These events occur along the Gulf Stream off the mid-Atlantic states of the U.S. and along the Kuroshio Current near Japan and Taiwan. This module explores the relationships between atmospheric stability, winds, waves, and ocean currents during North Wall events. Using three different case studies, we examine the relevant aspects of several topics, including the synoptic setting, ocean currents, evolution of the marine boundary layer, growth of ocean waves, and potenti ...
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition, Chapter 9: Observations, Analysis, and Prediction
The chapter describes the challenges of tropical weather forecasting. We examine types of observations and weather analysis techniques used by tropical forecasters. Those analysis tools are applied to examples of tropical synoptic weather systems as well as mesoscale analysis and nowcasting. The last three sections focus on numerical weather prediction (NWP) including: the fundamentals, data assimilation, comparisons of statistical and dynamical models, ensemble techniques, cumulus convection in NWP, tropical cyclone prediction, and methods of forecast verification and validation. We have spec ...
Vorticity Minima and Anticomma Patterns
Vorticity minima signatures are common features of the atmosphere. They indicate areas of descending circulation and atmospheric forcing and can be used to diagnose dynamic features such as the axis of maximum winds and deformation zones. This module provides insight on the analysis of these dynamic atmospheric features. This module is part of the series: "Dynamic Feature Identification: The Satellite Palette".
Mesoscale Aspects of Winter Weather Forecasting Topics
The Mesoscale Aspects of Winter Weather Forecasting effort is comprised of a growing series of in-depth case exercises bundled with supporting topics. This site provides access to the supporting topics seperate from the case exercises.
Topics in Dynamic Meteorology: Thermal Wind
This lesson explores the dynamic links between temperature, pressure, and wind in the atmosphere. The qualitative description of the relationships is augmented with "Math Sidebars" that provide a quantitative treatment. Numerous applications to climatology and forecasting conclude the module.
The Structure of the NWS Fire Weather Program
The Structure of the NWS Fire Weather Program explores the joint agreement between NOAA’s NWS and land management agencies to develop an appreciation of the contribution each agency makes in providing the best possible fire weather services. As part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course, this module focuses on the NWS Fire Weather Program itself to set the stage for other course modules.
Interviews with Frank Leitz, Senior Chemical Engineer, Bureau of Reclamation
In these three short video interviews, Frank Leitz, Senior Chemical Engineer with the Bureau of Reclamation shares stories and lessons learned from his work on water purification and desalination projects. In the first video, “Lessons-learned: Cost-modeling for Desalination Projects”, Frank shares some historical lessons from his experience estimating the cost of desalination projects. In the second video, “The Pioneering Role of the Yuma Desalting Plant in Large-Scale Membrane Desalination”, Frank provides some interesting background to the story of the creation of this historic and innovativ ...
Forecasting Aviation Icing: Icing Type and Severity
This module discusses the current theories of atmospheric conditions associated with aircraft icing and applies the theories to the icing diagnosis and forecast process. The contribution of liquid water content, temperature, and droplet size parameters to icing are examined. Identification of icing type, icing severity, and the hazards associated with icing features are presented. Tools to help diagnose atmospheric processes that may be contributing to icing and the special case of supercooled large drop (SLD) icing are examined and applied in short exercises. The use of graphics, animations, ...
The Value of Accurate Water Levels
NOAA’s Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) operates the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON) a system of water level sensors, that form the backbone of our nation’s coastal observation infrastructure. This short video, intended for decision makers and the general public, describes the value of accurate NWLON water level data provided by CO-OPS.
GOES-R Series Faculty Virtual Course: Aviation Products
In this webinar recording, Amanda Terborg (with input from Dr. Chad Gravelle), will demonstrate the capabilities of GOES-R/16 in analyzing hazards affecting the aviation industry. The talk focuses specifically on four hazards (but there are others): 1) fog and low stratus, 2) in-flight turbulence, 3) dust, and 4) volcanic ash. Through the use of GOES-R/16 spectral bands, band differences, and RGB composites, satellite data users can detect the development and evolution of aviation threats better than with any previous geostationary satellites. This is a recorded webinar presented by an instruc ...
GOES-16 Case Exercise: 8 May 2017 Colorado Hail Event
GOES-16, the first satellite in the GOES-R series, launched in November 2016 and now provides 16 multispectral bands of satellite data, including CONUS scans every five minutes, with 0.5 kilometer visible imagery resolution and 2.0 km longwave infrared resolution. This lesson harnesses GOES-16’s increased temporal and spatial resolutions to identify convective development and intensity signatures on traditional longwave IR and visible band imagery, and compares the experience to using legacy GOES products. The lesson is geared toward early-career forecasters, those forecasters wanting more exp ...
Should Synopticians Worry About Climate?
This lecture was presented during the ongoing workshops on Climate Variability that are part of the NWS Climate Professional Development Series. During the presentation, Dr. Sardeshmukh presents statistical evidence that demonstrates the impact that climate variability has on weather. The Webcast has an accompanying bibliography and climate glossary.
Freezing and Melting, Precipitation Type, and Numerical Weather Prediction
This Webcast is based on a COMET classroom presentation by Dr. Gary Lackmann at the 2nd MSC Winter Weather Course held in Boulder, Colorado on 22 February 2002. Dr. Lackmann reviews the basic thermodynamics of freezing and melting and how operational models represent these processes. He also touches upon the biases that occur in the models by looking at examples of melting snow aloft, melting snow at the surface, freezing aloft (ice pellets), and freezing rain. Dr. Lackmann is a faculty member in the Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences at North Carolina State University.
Introduction to Hydrography
This module describes hydrography pertaining to nautical charting and navigation. It covers how nautical charts are created, who creates them, the products available, and how to find and use them.
Precipitation Estimates, Part 2: Analysis
This is part two of a two-module series on estimation of observed precipitation. Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module provides an introduction to the science behind successful application of the products and tools available through the NWS Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) software and related products. An overview is presented of the key fields available in MPE along with illustrations of their use. These include radar, gauge, satellite, bias-adjusted radar, and multisensor fields of precipitation accumulation along with data displays and ta ...
Shallow Water Waves
This is the fourth lesson in our series on open water waves. As deep-water waves approach the coastline, they encounter shallower water and begin to interact with the sea floor while evolving into shallow water waves. This lesson uses an interactive wave calculator to look at a variety of shallow-water wave behaviors, including shoaling, refraction, reflection, breaking, attenuation, and coastal run-up and set-up. All are important considerations when forecasting for small craft and other recreational interests in the near-shore environment.
Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 2: General Principles in Integrating Climate Change
This lesson describes a common approach used by the United States Bureau of Reclamation to scope a study on integrating climate change information into water resources management and planning. Learners will become familiar with the types of questions that must be addressed for considering climate change impacts when scoping their study. Examples are given for several different water resources mission areas. Note that this is the second of a two lesson series, the first one is titled, "Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change."
Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 2: General Principles in Integrating Climate Change
This lesson describes a common approach used by the United States Bureau of Reclamation to scope a study on integrating climate change information into water resources management and planning. Learners will become familiar with the types of questions that must be addressed for considering climate change impacts when scoping their study. Examples are given for several different water resources mission areas. Note that this is the second of a two lesson series, the first one is titled, "Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change."
Hurricane Strike!™
Designed primarily for middle school students and funded by FEMA and the NWS, this module creates a scenario to frame learning activities that focus on hurricane science and safety. Versions are also available for hearing, motor, and visually impaired students, as well as Spanish-speaking students. Over the course of seven days, Hurricane Erin forms in the Atlantic Ocean, crosses the Florida peninsula, and then makes another landfall at Fort Walton Beach. During these days, the learner is introduced to many basic concepts of atmospheric science, climate, and geography, while also learning some ...
Weather Observing Fundamentals
"Weather Observing Fundamentals" provides guidance for U.S. Navy Aerographer's Mates, Quartermasters, and civilian observers tasked with taking and reporting routine, special, and synoptic observations. Although the focus of this lesson is on shipboard observations, much of the content applies to land-based observing and reporting as well. The lesson details standard procedures for taking accurate weather observations and for encoding those observations on COMNAVMETOCCOM Report 3141/3. Exercises throughout the lesson and four weather identification drills at the end provide learners with oppor ...
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition, Chapter 3: Global Circulation
The chapter begins with a review of the general principles of atmospheric motion including scale analysis of tropical motions. An overview of the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean is presented including stratospheric general circulation. Special emphasis is given to the Hadley circulation including its maintenance, seasonal migration, northern and southern hemispheric differences, and the contrast between tropical and midlatitude wind systems. Tropical circulations are examined in a theoretical framework as responses to heating at the equator. Regional monsoons, their conceptual ...
SatFC-J: The VIIRS Day/Night Band
This lesson introduces the innovative Day/Night Band (DNB). Producing both daytime and nighttime visible images, the unique aspect of the DNB is its nocturnal low-light imaging capability. It views reflected moonlight from clouds and Earth's surface, surface light emissions from various natural sources (such as fires) and anthropogenic sources (such as city lights and gas flares), and even from certain atmospheric light emissions such as the aurora, airglow, and lightning flashes. The lesson describes the capabilities and benefits of the DNB, in particular using the Near-Constant Contrast (NCC ...
Deformation Zone Diagnosis
Following an analysis of the main features of a deformation zone, the diagnosis of temporal and spatial changes in these features can be used to deduce underlying meteorological processes and their progression. In turn, this knowledge can then be used in the forecast process to adjust the forecast accordingly. This module takes 35-45 minutes to complete. It is part of the series: "Dynamic Feature Identification: The Satellite Palette".
Operational Environmental Monitoring Applications using the Community Satellite Processing Package (CSPP)
This resource demonstrates the variety of satellite imagery and products accessible through the Community Satellite Processing Package (CSPP). Two videos, the first focused on imagery applications and the second on microwave applications, provide an overview of the types of weather and environmental information available through CSPP. Using CSPP, forecasters and others needing timely access to data can download and display imagery and products from Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) instruments. The resource provides some background information for obtaining and using the CSPP software, which ...
Understanding Assimilation Systems: How Models Create Their Initial Conditions - version 2
Understanding Assimilation Systems: How Models Create Their Initial Conditions, is part of the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process." This module explains the data assimilation process, including the role of the model itself as well as the observations. It provides learners an appreciation for how models use data as a function of model resolution and data type, how data influence the analysis, the limitations of data assimilation systems, the importance of initial conditions on the quality of NWP guidance, as well as the challenges of assessing the quality of NWP ...
Weather and Road Management
Anticipating and dealing with weather and the hazards it creates is a real challenge for those in departments of transportation. This module gives road and highway managers a basic understanding of meteorology and weather hazards so that they can better interpret weather forecast information used to make road management decisions. The module also highlights web-based forecast products available from the National Weather Service that can help in the decision-making process.
Communicating Forecast Uncertainty
This scenario-based lesson introduces the topic of communicating forecast uncertainty to decision-makers, such as emergency managers, related industry professionals, the public, and other end-users. In a case that spans the lesson, learners begin by developing a forecast discussion using deterministic data, refine it with probabilistic ensemble data, and evaluate how well it conveys uncertainty information. Then they assume several end-user roles, assessing how well the forecast discussion addresses their needs. From there, important research findings on communicating uncertainty are discussed ...
Understanding the Hydrologic Cycle: International Edition
This module helps students gain a basic understanding of the elements of the hydrologic cycle. The hydrologic cycle is the continuous movement and phase change of liquid water, ice, and water vapor above, on, under and through the earth's surface. This module examines the basic concepts of the hydrologic cycle including water distribution, atmospheric water, surface water, groundwater, and snowpack/snowmelt.
SatFC-G: Visible and Near-IR Bands
This lesson introduces you to the two visible and one of the near-infrared imager bands on the GOES R-U ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager), focusing on their spectral characteristics and how they affect what each band observes. Also included is a brief discussion of the customization of visible enhancements as an important consideration for improving the depiction of various features of interest. This lesson is a part of the NWS Satellite Foundation GOES-R Course.
Sea Level Change: Basics
This lesson describes the physical processes, both natural and human-induced, that lead to changes in sea level. The processes described include climate induced changes in ocean heat content and volume, natural oceanic cycles, and both natural and human-induced changes in coastal land elevation. The learning is enhanced with rich graphics and periodic questions.
Met 101: Introduction to the Atmosphere
This lesson provides an overview of Earth’s atmosphere, its vertical structure, the fundamental forces acting on air, and how the atmosphere's composition affects the colors we see in the sky. The lesson also includes information about how Earth receives energy from the Sun as solar and infrared radiation, and the mechanisms for transferring heat around the globe. Learners will be introduced to the components of Earth’s water cycle, and also briefly explore the main types of systems used to observe the atmosphere.
HYSPLIT Applications for Emergency Decision Support, 2nd Edition
This module helps forecasters provide decision support services during hazardous materials emergencies. Topics covered include: Types of weather data inputs required for short-range dispersion models typically used by emergency managers Types of inputs required to run the web version of the HYSPLIT model with the ALOHA source term, which is now available to NWS forecasters The types and scales of events that are appropriate and inappropriate for modeling by HYSPLIT Key uncertainties that can cause misleading dispersion model forecasts The processes and limitations of CAMEO/ALOHA and HYSPLIT Ho ...
Interpreting Climate Outlooks: An Australian Example
Climate outlooks provide probability-based information about expected rainfall and temperatures at timescales of months or longer. This lesson demonstrates how monthly and seasonal outlooks issued by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology can be combined with other information for use in decision-making by persons in climate-sensitive sectors. The lesson explains the main drivers affecting Australia's climate—ENSO, Indian Ocean Dipole, Southern Annular Mode, and the subtropical ridge—and explores how the status of the climate drivers can affect the outlook maps as well as confidence in the outlo ...
Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 2: General Principles in Integrating Climate Change
This lesson describes a common approach used by the United States Bureau of Reclamation to scope a study on integrating climate change information into water resources management and planning. Learners will become familiar with the types of questions that must be addressed for considering climate change impacts when scoping their study. Examples are given for several different water resources mission areas. Note that this is the second of a two lesson series, the first one is titled, "Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change."
Understanding the Role of Deterministic versus Probabilistic NWP Information
Understanding the Role of Deterministic versus Probabilistic NWP Information is part of the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process." This lesson first covers deterministic (single) NWP model forecasts and explains advantages and limitations through a case example. Then it discusses overcoming the limitations in deterministic forecasts through the use of ensemble forecast systems, and the use of deterministic and probabilistic forecasts together, through case examples.
ASMET: 2009 Drought in East Africa
The module examines the 2009 drought in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA), focusing on conditions in Kenya. The module begins by reviewing drought conditions in the years leading up to 2009. From there, it examines the seasonal climate forecast for the beginning of 2009 and see what it portends. Satellite products are used to study rainfall performance throughout the year and its impact on the drought situation. Finally, the module describes the climate oscillations that can impact drought in the GHA and identifies patterns that were present in 2009 and contributed to its severity. By the end o ...
Limitations of High-Resolution NWP Models
This scenario-based lesson examines how the limitations of high-resolution NWP forecasts affect their analyses and forecasts of winter and severe weather, and how best to use the output in light of the limitations. The lesson is structured around a case that occurred in Texas in December 2015 when winter weather and severe weather hit Amarillo and Dallas-Ft. Worth, respectively. As users go through the case, they learn how spin-up time, errors in initial conditions, and deficiencies in the modeling of mesoscale phenomena can impact high-resolution forecasts in the NAM nest and HRRR models.
Writing TAFS for Ceilings and Visibility
"Writing TAFs for Ceilings and Visibility" is the fifth unit in the Distance Learning Aviation Course 2 (DLAC2) series on producing TAFs that meet the needs of the aviation community. In addition to providing information about tools for diagnosing low ceilings and reduced in visibility and its related impacts, the module extends the Practically Perfect TAF (PPTAF) process to address an airport's operational thresholds. By understanding the thresholds at airports for which they produce TAFs, forecasters will be better able to produce a PPTAF. The unit also examines how to communicate effectivel ...
Writing TAFS for Winter Weather
"Writing TAFs for Winter Weather" is the fourth unit in the Distance Learning Aviation Course 2 (DLAC2) series on producing TAFs that meet the needs of the aviation community. In addition to providing information about tools for diagnosing winter weather and its related impacts, the module extends the Practically Perfect TAF (PPTAF) process to address an airport’s operational thresholds. By understanding the thresholds at airports for which they produce TAFs, forecasters will be better able to produce a PPTAF. The unit also examines how to communicate effectively the logic and uncertainty usin ...
Forecasting Clear Air Turbulence for Aviation
This case-based, interactive lesson teaches a process for forecasting clear air turbulence (CAT) and applies it to a case that occurred over the U.S. Information about the synoptic patterns that generate CAT and the products and indices used to identify it are woven into the case. Some of this information is presented in optional sections intended for those who are unfamiliar with the material or want a refresher. The lesson is aimed at national and international forecasters who make aviation forecasts.
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition, Chapter 5: The Distribution of Moisture and Precipitation
Moisture and precipitation distribution governs life in the tropics. Surplus heating and rising motion in the tropics ignites the global water and energy cycles and influences weather in the midlatitudes. This chapter presents the horizontal and vertical distribution of water vapor, tropical cloud formation and distribution, the lifecycle and precipitation characteristics of tropical mesoscale convective systems, and the variability of tropical precipitation on yearly, seasonal, and hourly time-scales.
Best Practices in Tropical Cyclone Briefings
Crafting clear, concise and effective messages focused on customer needs is a crucial skill in every decision-support situation. Tropical cyclones that threaten a coastline have the potential to inflict devastating damage to communities and communicating relevant weather information will assist decision-makers in their plans and preparation work. This lesson examines how to effectively prepare for the hurricane season and then focuses on how best to support NWS partners through meteorological briefings during tropical cyclone events. Basic familiarity with probabilistic forecast guidance is re ...
Tropical Synoptic Meteorology Curriculum Package
The Tropical Synoptic Meteorology Curriculum Package is a university-level, online meteorology course package. It is freely available to interested institutions that are expanding their course offerings, particularly their online offerings. The course fulfills the synoptic and mesoscale meteorology requirements for the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Basic Instruction Package for Meteorology (BIP-M), but with an emphasis on the tropics to provide focus for those working or planning to work in tropical regions. The course utilizes existing and newly developed resources, including the on ...
Regional Study Guide: Review for Aeronautical Forecasters in Africa, selections from Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd edition
This Regional Study Guide highlights the sections of the Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition online textbook that are applicable to aeronautical forecasting operations in Africa. Topics include remote sensing, global circulations, tropical variability, tropical cyclones and the challenges encountered when forecasting tropical weather. The guide consists of a list of links to the content in the textbook and has its own stand-alone quiz.
Unit Hydrograph Theory
The role of unit hydrograph theory in the flood prediction process is to provide an estimate of streamflow given the precipitation. A unit hydrograph shows the temporal change in flow, or discharge, per unit of runoff from excess precipitation. In other words, the unit hydrograph shows how the flow of a stream will be affected over time by the addition of one unit of runoff. This module offers a thorough introduction to the use of unit hydrographs and the application of unit hydrograph theory in flood prediction. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module expl ...
S-290 Unit 5: Temperature and Relative Humidity Relationships
“S-290 Unit 5: Temperature and Relative Humidity Relationships” module focuses on methods of describing humidity in the atmosphere and how temperature changes can affect relative humidity. Topics from this module will be further related to effects on potential fire behavior in other modules of the Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior Course.
Volcanic Ash: Volcanism
This module is the second in the four-part Volcanic Ash series. It provides information about the geological, and geophysical processes related to volcanic activity and volcanic ash in the atmosphere and on the ground. It discusses four types of volcanic eruptions and describes six major volcanic hazards: Tephra Pyroclastic flow Lahar Lava flow Volcanic gas Tsunami
Best Practices for Minimizing Errors during GNSS Data Collection
Aimed at surveyors and GIS professionals who use geodetic-quality GNSS equipment to determine positions for land planning, coastal monitoring and other purposes, this video covers best practices for reducing errors in the areas of: 1. location and environment, 2. equipment setup and 3. observation times and accuracy checks. This resource is hosted on COMET's YouTube Channel.
Principles of Convection III: Shear and Convective Storms
This module discusses the role of wind shear in the structure and evolution of convective storms. Using the concept of horizontal vorticity, the module demonstrates how shear enhances uplift, leading to longer-lived supercell and multicell storms. The module also explores the role of shear in the development of mesoscale convective systems, including bow echoes and squall lines. Most of the material in this module previously appeared in the COMET modules developed with Dr. Morris Weisman. This version includes a concise summary for quick reference and a final exam to test your knowledge. The m ...
How Mesoscale Models Work
The goal of this training module is to help you increase your understanding of how mesoscale models work. Such understanding, in turn, can help you more efficiently and accurately evaluate model-generated forecast products.
Ocean Acidification
The chemistry of the world’s oceans is changing. Ocean acidity is creeping upward, a result of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. The added carbon dioxide depletes seawater of carbonate, a chemical constituent of minerals that form the shells and structures of animals including corals, molluscs, plankton, and others. The accelerating impacts are expected to reverberate through the marine food web. Most people are unaware of ocean acidification and its expected impacts. This lesson will educate policy makers and university students about its causes and consequences. The lesson explains the chem ...
Overview of Watershed and Channel Sedimentation
This lesson provides an overview of the primary influences of watershed and channel sedimentation. In a short narrated portion of the lesson, we explore a section of the Rio Grande watershed and channel in New Mexico using Google Earth imagery, river profiles, and graphic animations. We highlight features of the upland catchments, the river channel, and the Elephant Butte Reservoir. We then demonstrate how environmental factors (climate, geography, land use changes, reservoirs) impact the supply and movement of sediments for the Rio Grande and other rivers. The focus is on the three primary pr ...
Mountain Waves and Downslope Winds
Mountain waves form above and downwind of topographic barriers and frequently pose a serious hazard to mountain aviation because of strong-to-extreme turbulence. This foundation module describes the features of mountain waves and explores the conditions under which they form. Like other foundation modules in the Mesoscale Primer, this module starts with a forecast scenario and concludes with a final exam. Rich graphics, audio narration, and frequent interactions enhance the presentation.
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Cycle
This Webcast, is an expert lecture by Dr. Vernon Kousky of NOAA/CPC, entitled "The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Cycle". The presentation covers the identification and global weather impacts associated with both phases of ENSO. This version of the presentation has enhanced graphics and has been modified to include an introduction to the newly established “Operational Niño Index” (ONI). A forecaster who attended the original classroom presentation on The ENSO Cycle had the following to say... “[This lecture was the] best presentation of the workshop! Very comprehensive, from the basics to ...
Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA): What is the NCEP RTMA and how can it be used?
The NCEP Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA), provides current conditions in digital form on the NWS National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) 5-km grid. This product was upgraded in early July 2007 to the point where its use by forecast offices is now encouraged for situational awareness, creating short-term forecast grids, and evaluating recent forecast grids and forecast bias. Unique to the RTMA is an uncertainty or error estimate for some of its analysis parameters. These uncertainty estimates perhaps could be used to determine when a forecast is “good enough”. This Webcast discusses why t ...
The Importance of Accurate Coastal Elevation and Shoreline Data
Produced in collaboration between NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey (NGS) and The COMET Program, this video explains the role of topo-bathy lidar products in NOAA’s mapping and charting program, and how these products provide a critical dataset for coastal resilience, coastal intelligence, and place-based conservation. Federal, state and local decision-makers, coastal zone managers, community planners as well as general and scientific users of mapping products will find this 4-minute video helpful for understanding the benefits of coastal elevation data produced by NGS. This resource is hosted o ...
OSCAR Series. OSCAR/Surface User Manual
The Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review tool (OSCAR) of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) Information Resource (WIR) is a key source of information for WIGOS metadata. The surface- and space-based components of OSCAR are intended to record observing platform/station metadata, according to the WIGOS Metadata Standard described in the Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160) and in the WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMO-No. 1192), and to retain a record of the current and historical WIGOS metadata. This Manual explains how to use OSCAR/Surface, ...
WMO Statement on the state of the global climate in 2018
This publication marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate, which was first issued in 1994. The 2019 edition treating data for 2018 marks sustained international efforts dedicated to reporting on, analysing and understanding the year-to-year variations and long-term trends of a changing climate.
Física del caos en la predicción meteorológica
AEMET, 2018Over 100 experts in weather and climate modeling, numerical and operational forecasting, and related areas have come together to write this compendium of knowledge that addresses a diversity of maters such as history and foundations of meteorology, ensemble prediction systems, probabilistic forecasting and its applications, climatic change and social aspects, cases of study of special meteorological events, etc.
Сборник основных документов, 2. Технический регламент, Том I — Общие метеорологические стандарты и рекомендуемые практики
Правила Технического регламента определяются Всемирным метеорологическим конгрессом в соответствии со статьей 8 («d») Конвенции.
Эти правила предназначены для того, чтобы:
a) облегчить сотрудничество в области метеорологии и гидрологии между Членами ВМО;
b) наилучшим образом удовлетворять конкретные потребности в различных областях применения метеорологии и оперативной гидрологии в международном масштабе;
с) обеспечить надлежащие единообразие и стандартизацию практик и процедур, применяемых при достижении вышеуказанных целей «a» и «b».
International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) Trainings
International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) - International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI)This website makes available numerous resources from IRI training events.
Guide sur les compétences
Le Guide veut aider les organismes qui souhaitent élaborer, appliquer ou actualiser des programmes de formation et d’évaluation axées sur les compétences en s’appuyant sur les cadres de l’OMM qui figurent dans le Volume I du Règlement technique (OMM-No 49).
On y trouvera quelques exemples de pratiques définies par les Membres, de sorte que la diffusion de ces connaissances et enseignements facilite le respect des exigences fixées par l’OMM de la meilleure façon qui soit.
Le Guide sera également utile aux commissions techniques et aux équipes d’experts chargées de définir et d’act ...
WRF-EMS Aviation Products
This lesson illustrates how numerical guidance from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model - Environmental Modeling System (WRF-EMS) can be added to surface observations, satellite graphics, and conceptual models of important aviation phenomena, to produce TAFs. Specifically, the lesson describes how visibility, cloud ceilings, and the flight categories variables provide values for aviation forecasts in Africa.
Effective Use of High-Resolution Models
High-resolution models have transitioned from research into forecast operations, helping forecasters utilize additional mesoscale information after accounting for the inherent unpredictability of many small-scale phenomena. This module covers the major capabilities and limitations of models run without a convective parameterization using grid spacings of around 4 km or less. Model forecast interpretation issues are discussed, including introducing convective mode diagnostics such as updraft helicity and interpreting the forecast as an event prediction rather than as a precise point forecast. M ...
Use of Probabilistic Surge Guidance in Local Storm Surge Forecasting
This lesson introduces forecasters to the probabilistic storm surge guidance used by the National Weather Service to assess local surge threats and impacts. It will provide practice in determining the chance that critical surge thresholds may be reached or exceeded and when this is most likely to occur. Developing an appropriate message for decision-makers and the public that includes potential surge values, threats, and impacts information is also explored. We strongly recommend reviewing the “Introduction to Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge”, “Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge”, and “Stor ...
Dynamics & Microphysics of Cool-Season Orographic Storms
In this Webcast, Dr. James Steenburgh, working for the Department of Meteorology and the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Regional Prediction at the University of Utah, takes a look at cool-season orographic storms in western North America. He provides a brief microphysics review, an overview of cool-season orographic precipitation processes in several mountain ranges, and a look at forecasting tools and techniques. This Webcast is based on a classroom presentation given in Boulder, CO in December 2002.
Toward an Advanced Sounder on GOES?
This module uses recorded interviews from several satellite meteorologists and respected satellite experts to describe how a high spectral resolution infrared sounder in geostationary orbit would lead to significant improvements in mesoscale and severe weather forecasting and numerical weather prediction. Discussions focus on the currently unsatisfied need for an advanced sounder in geostationary orbit and the potential contributions this capability could provide.
An Introduction to the Downscaled Climate and Hydrology Projections Website
These two videos serve as an introduction to the Downscaled Climate and Hydrology Projections website. This website, the result of a collaboration between several federal and non-federal partners, provides access to downscaled climate and hydrology projections for the contiguous United States and parts of Canada and Mexico, derived from contemporary global climate models. In the first video, Dr. Subhrendu Gangopadhyay, hydrologic engineer at the Bureau of Reclamation's Technical Service Center in Denver, introduces the website and provides an overview of the MetEd lesson Preparing Hydro-climat ...
Feature Identification Using Environmental Satellites
This Webcast, presented by Tom Lee of the Naval Research Laboratory, focuses on feature identification using a combination of high-resolution multispectral polar and geostationary satellite imagery products. The Webcast is made up of five short sections focus on a set of particularly challenging feature identification problems including: clouds over snow; contrails/thin cirrus; fires, hot spots, and smoke; blowing dust; snow, icebergs, and pack ice. Examples are included from Asia, Europe, and North America. A table summarizes suggested detection strategies for each phenomena type, based on av ...
S-290 Unit 9: Observing the Weather
This webcast covers procedures for taking accurate weather observations using belt weather kits and descriptions of other common weather observing equipment used in fire weather. In addition, maintenance of the primary components of the belt weather kit are demonstrated.
S-290 Unit 8: Keeping Current with the Weather
The "S-290 Unit 8: Keeping Current with the Weather" distance learning module describes fire weather information and products available from Predictive Services and the National Weather Service. Summaries of the products, including significant fire potential, monthly and seasonal outlooks, fire weather planning forecasts, and spot forecasts, are presented. The unit also outlines the types of support available from Fire Behavior Analysts and Incident Meteorologists assigned to a fire and provides guidance for receiving updated weather information using the Internet.
How Satellite Observations Impact NWP
Satellite observations have a huge impact on numerical weather prediction (NWP) model analyses and forecasts, with sounding data from polar orbiting and GPS-radio occultation satellites reducing model forecast error by almost half. All of this despite the fact that NWP models only assimilate 5% of all satellite observations! This lesson discusses the use of satellite observations in NWP and how model limitations prevent more of the data from being assimilated. The lesson begins by briefly describing the history of satellite observations in NWP and their impact on NWP model forecast skill. The ...
Nowcasting for Aviation in Africa
Nowcasting for Aviation in Africa summarizes techniques and best practices for developing area-specific forecasts at very short (0-6 hour) timescales. This 1-hour lesson presents a case study focused on interpreting threats and communicating correct warning information for a weather event affecting multiple airports in Gauteng Province, South Africa. In completing the lesson, the learner will assess the state of the atmosphere, develop a nowcast, monitor conditions, and update/create appropriate nowcast products for aviation stakeholders.
EPS Products Reference Guide
The EPS Products Reference Guide provides information about nine commonly used ensemble prediction system (EPS) products. Each has a description, tips for interpreting and using it effectively, a list of its strengths and weaknesses, and practice exercises. The Guide is meant to be used as reference material and does not have a quiz.
A Forecaster's Overview of the Northwest Pacific
This module provides an introduction to the northwest Pacific for weather forecasters. It touches on major aspects of the geography, oceanography, and climatology. Geography looks at plate tectonics, topography, and human population. Oceanography examines ocean currents, coastal tidal ranges, and sea ice distribution. Climatology briefly discusses jets streams, distribution of synoptic features, storm tracks of tropical and extratropical cyclones, the fronts, and sensible weather associated with the Northeast and Southwest Monsoons.
Using the Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service (HEFS)
The lesson is intended to help NOAA's National Weather Service facilitate forecasters' use of ensemble forecast information in hydrology. The lesson provides information about the benefits and limitations of the Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service (HEFS), explains the sources of uncertainty (meteorological inputs and hydrologic modeling), and demonstrates how to interpret a HEFS product for hydrologic analysis and forecasting.
NWP Essentials: Data Assimilation
This lesson introduces the processes of model data assimilation. It also discusses the impacts of errors in the data assimilation on model forecasts and how a human forecaster can compensate for them.
Dams and Dam Failure - Module 2: St. Venant Equations, Modeling, and Case Study
This second module in the two-part series expands on the science explaining catastrophic dam failure and flood-wave prediction methods associated with these events. Through the use of rich illustrations and interactions, this module introduces the St. Venant equations for dynamic wave flow, and flood wave characteristics. It also explains the general dam failure modeling process along with advantages and limitations of dam failure models including model stability, accuracy, and sensitivity issues. Finally, it also provides an overview of the Teton River dam failure, one of the most famous hydr ...
Radiation Fog
This module presents the physical processes and life cycle of radiation fog, including its preconditioning environment, initiation, growth, and dissipation. The processes include radiation (both solar and longwave), soil-atmosphere thermal interactions, turbulent mixing, the roles of condensation nuclei, and droplet settling. Each section includes a set of interactive questions based on the learning content presented. Tom Dulong of the National Weather Service Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU) in Longmont, Colorado is the Principal Science Advisor for this module, and Dr. Paul Croft, Meteorol ...
GOES-16 GLM Case Exercise: Buenos Aires Tornado and Hail Event
The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) flies aboard the GOES-R series satellites and provides lightning detection data at a quality and resolution not previously available from space. The GLM's continuous lightning monitoring capability is a valuable asset to detecting and monitoring developing thunderstorms 24 hours a day. This 30 minute lesson introduces learners to the benefits of using Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) observations in assessing convection. Learners will explore a severe weather event near Buenos Aires, Argentina, and practice using GLM observations to determine initia ...
Tephigram Mastery
Since the advent of rawinsonde observations, thermodynamic diagrams have been used by meteorologists to analyze sounding data in the course of preparing their weather forecasts. This module comprehensively examines the use of the tephigram, widely used for over 60 years by meteorologists in the United Kingdom, Canada, and other countries throughout the world particularly in Europe and Africa. It explores thermodynamic properties, convective parameters, stability assessment, and several forecast applications. The module is designed for both instruction and reference. It also comes with an inter ...
Streamflow Routing
This module offers a thorough introduction to streamflow routing methods and applications in the river forecasting process. Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key routing concepts, flow characteristics, and tools with a primary focus on hydrologic routing methods. As a foundation topic for the Basic Hydrologic Science Course, this module may be taken on its own or used as a supporting topic to provide factual scientific information to students as they complete the case-based forecasting modules.
Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course Orientation
The “Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course Orientation” module introduces the organization of the course, the topics presented, and the intended audience, as well as the motivation for converting this course to online training. This web module is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course..
Nearshore Wave Modeling
Ocean waves near shore impact public safety, commerce, navigation, and, of course recreation. Predicting these waves has driven efforts to model them for more than two decades. This module introduces forecasters to different nearshore wave models, including phase-resolving and 1- and 2-dimensional spectral models. It describes the processes that wave models simulate, the assumptions they make, the initial and boundary conditions required to run the models, and potential sources of error in model forecasts. While focusing on SWAN, the module also examines the Navy Standard surf Model and Bouss- ...
Всемирная метеорологическая организация Технический отчет, 2014-02. Требования к осуществлению и функционированию программы AMDAR
В настоящем документе представлено руководство для стран-членов ВМО относитель-но требований к созданию и эксплуатации в сотрудничестве с одной или несколькими партнерскими коммерческими авиакомпаниями национальной или региональной систе-мы наблюдений AMDAR. Данный документ был составлен и пересмотрен экспертами в области систем наблюдений стран-членов ВМО, включая членов группы экспертов по системам наблюдений с бортов ВС (ET-ABO) Комиссии по основным системам (КОС) ВМО.
Наставление по морскому метеорологическому обслуживанию - Том I — Глобальные аспекты : Дополнение VI к Техническому регламенту ВМО
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO) - BMO, 2012 (Издание 2012 г. Обновлено в 2018 г.; BMO-No. 558)Настоящее Наставление предназначается:
a) для определения обязанностей Членов в осуществлении морского метеорологического обслуживания (ММО);
b) для облегчения сотрудничества в отношении международной координации ММО, в частности в осуществлении деятельности Всемирной службы Международной морской организации (ИМО)/ВМО метеорологической и океанографической информации и предупреждений (ВСМОИП);
c) для облегчения сотрудничества между Всемирной службой погоды (ВСП) и ММО;
d) для обеспечения надлежащей однородности и стандартизации практик и процедур, используемых для вы ...
OPEN.ED @PSU Open Educational Resources
Launched in 2007, the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences' OER initiative enables departments and individual faculty to provide resources free-of-charge under a Creative Commons license. As long as they adhere to the license, teachers and learners around the world are free to download, remix, translate, localize, and make these materials their own.
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气象仪器与观测方法指南 (WMO-No. 8)
《WMO 气象仪器和观测方法指南》（WMO-No.8）第一版于1954 年出版，共十二章。此后，标准化仍然是仪器和观测方法委员会（CIMO）活动的一个关键问题。委员会不断审议指南的 内容，并确保在定期更新时纳入了反映技术的快速发展及其在气象仪器和观测方法领域的 实施的现代指导材料。
对于常规用途的大多数仪器、系统和技术，本指南是一项关键资源，提供了从最简单到最复 杂精细的描述，但不会涉及仅用于研究的方法和工具。指南的目的是给出最佳做法和程序，以及仪器和系统的基本能力，协助国家气象和水文部门或者其他感兴趣的运行观测系统的用 户编制他们的手册和程序，满足各自对测量和观察结果的特定需要。指南有意将标准化限制 在基本要求上，并将建议局限至给定仪器或测量系统不同配置最常见的一般特征，从而给 进一步发展留下广泛余地。对于有关与WIGOS 相关的仪器和观测方法的所有问题，本指南 都是权威参考。
Introduction to Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
Introduction to Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) provides national meteorological services worldwide, airlines, and aviation organizations with information about the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) aircraft-based observing system. The audience includes meteorological service managers and providers, observational development groups, the aviation industry, and others interested in benefiting from an aircraft-based observing system in their region. The content includes interviews with several experts to provide examples of AMDAR use for both meteorological and aviation applications. Additional details about the systems and requirements for implementing AMDAR are also included.
Taller Presencial GOES-16 = GOES-16 Workshop
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) de Argentina ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) de ArgentinaAquí encontrará los materiales del taller de GOES-16. El objetivo del taller es reforzar los conceptos adquiridos en el curso virtual desarrollado entre agosto y octubre de 2017 en el marco del "Programa de Entrenamiento para la Nueva Generación de Satélites Geoestacionarios" llevado adelante por el Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, y aplicarlo al análisis de casos de estudio de interés en la región. Mayor información sobre este taller presencial en el documento informativo del taller.
ETR, 22. Seasonal Climate Forecast - COURSE PACKAGE T.O.P. : Theory and Operational Principles, Project Report
This is the report on the project to create the Seasonal Climate Forecast - Course Package T.O.P. The goal of this online course package is to allow the transfer of seasonal climate forecast knowledge to improve and increase the operational capabilities of the targeted users. The package provides both a theoretical and a practical set of knowledge on seasonal forecast and predictability models, climate and data analysis, forecast verification, and specific application of seasonal forecast for agriculture and water management.
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Warning Operations Course (WOC) : Severe Track
The Warning Operations Course (WOC) Severe Track is a course that consists of approximately xx hours of training material on topics that are relevant to severe weather warning decision-making. The Severe Track consists of:
- 5 curricula (convective fundamentals, tornado, hail, quasi-convective linear system, & impact-based warning),
- Forecast Challenge,
- A mesoscale analysis webinars, and
- WOC Severe WES-2 simulation.
The WOC Severe Track modules include a combination of learning technologies including teletraining, web-based training, Weat ...
An International Agenda for Education and Training in Meteorology and Hydrology
This publication summarizes the main conclusions and recommendations from SYMET-13 and includes the Statement agreed by the participants on the final day of the Symposium.
Trainer Resources Portal
This portal has been developed to support the WMO Competency Requirements for Education and Training Providers. The portal contains all the resources used in the WMO Online Course for Trainers, plus additional resources when available. In most cases, the resources are being offered as open educational resources (OER), and can be used and adapted for other initiatives or for training by any institution or individual. Most are offered under Creative Commons License that allows for reuse as long as World Meteorological Organization (or the stated owner) is attributed as the source, and that any a ...
استراتیجیة نظام معلومات المنظمة : (WIS 2.0)
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2018 (طبعة 2017; مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1213)
Seasonal Forecast Course Package T.O.P.: Theory and Operational Principles
Institute of Biometeorology (IBIMET) ; World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - CNR-National Research Council"Seasonal Forecast Course Package T.O.P." is a set of online resources whose goal is to enhance knowledge in the theory of seasonal forecasting and operational use of seasonal climate forecasts. The course package has two audiences. The first is training institutions, to facilitate development of additional training courses. The materials and documentations here collected represent the building blocks of a course based on validated contents and user needs. It can also be used by national hydro-meteorological service staff members who wish to improve their climate services competencies or to sp ...
Introduction to Climate Models
This module explains how climate models work. Because the modeling of both weather and climate share many similarities, the content throughout this module draws frequent comparisons and highlights the differences. We explain not only how, but why climate models differ from weather models. To do so, we explore the difference between weather and climate, then show how models are built to simulate climate and generate the statistics that describe it. We conclude with a discussion of models are tuned and tested.
The Scientific Fundamentals of Climate Change
The climate system is a complex, interactive system consisting of the atmosphere, land surface, snow and ice, oceans and other bodies of water, and living elements. The climate system evolves in time under the influence of its own internal dynamics and due to changes in external factors. But, do you know what the meteorological consequences of climate variability and change are? What is the human contribution to climate variability? Find out about these and other issues through the UN CC:Learn learning interface on the scientific fundamentals of climate change. If you are a newcomer to the are ...
Climate Atlas
The atlas is based on the climate datasets provided by the CM SAF. It consists of maps providing climatological information of different meteorological parameters. These include:
-general climatic characteristics of meteorological parameters over Europe and Latvia;
-information on satellite data suitable for climatological studies, particularly datasets provided by the CM SAF;
-an example of the strengths and weaknesses of satellite data for climate applications;
-instructions for creating a satellite climatology atlas and beginning to work with satellite da ...
Meteorological Instrument Performance Characteristics
NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory ; The COMET Program ; Millersville University - The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, 2017This advanced lesson explores the performance characteristics of instrumentation used for meteorological measurements. Static performance characteristics are examined in the context of calibration, which offers a means to determine an instrument's response. Dynamic performance characteristics, including first and second order inputs, are discussed using three classic examples: step or impulse, ramp or time varying, and oscillatory inputs. The lesson provides information about the effects of representativeness and regional homogeneity on measurements, and also describes processes for obtaining ...
Guide to Competency
The purpose of this Guide is to provide guidance to Members’ organizations that are developing, implementing and/or maintaining competency-based training and assessment programmes based upon the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) competency frameworks established in the Technical Regulations, Volume I (WMO-No.49).
Examples of selected Members’ best practices are included in this guidance material to facilitate transfer of knowledge and experience, and thus enable organizations to achieve compliance with the WMO requirements in the most efficient way.
This Guide will also be ...
Guidelines on the Role, Operation and Management of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
These Guidelines are intended to provide a one-stop, consistent and contemporary reference resource from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for managers of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). They should help with many of the challenges that directors and managers of NMHSs face, including:
– Ensuring that the NMHS is able to meet national needs for meteorological, hydrological and related data and services;
– Responding to newly identified challenges in a rapidly changing world;
– Clarifying and articulating the mandate of the NMHS;
– ...
Directives de l’OMM pour le calcul des normales climatiques
Le présent document traite avant tout des observations réalisées dans les stations météorologiques en surface. Toutefois, bon nombre des principes exposés ici s’appliquent également à d’autres formes de relevés, comme les observations aérologiques et les jeux de données obtenus à partir de plateformes mobiles ou de télédétection (satellites, radars ou bouées dérivantes par exemple). Comme les jeux de données obtenus par télédétection remontent le plus souvent jusqu'aux années 70, il est recommandé de leur appliquer, dans la mesure du possible, la période climatologique standard actuelle (1981- ...
Challenges in the Transition from Conventional to Automatic Meteorological Observing Networks for Long-term Climate Records
Guidelines for managing changes in climate observation programmes, with a set of recommended practices by which such changes can be managed, have already been published (WMO, 2007). This guidance note will focus on those AWSs likely to form part of long-term climate records. These will normally be owned by NMHSs or associated agencies, or sometimes by third parties (such as aviation, agriculture or road transport agencies) under standards endorsed by the NMHSs. Experience shows that private AWSs can be useful for some climate purposes (such as providing information on individual local-scale ex ...
دليل استعمال الطيف الراديوي في الأرصاد الجوية: المراقبة والتنبؤ فيما يتعلق بالطقس والماء والمناخ
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2017 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1197)ويقدم هذا الدليل معلومات تقنية وتشغيلية شاملة بشأن تطبيقات الرصد الحالية ونظمها، واستعمال نظم الأرصاد الجوية للترددات الراديوية، بما فيها سواتل الأرصاد الج وية والمسابير الراديوية ورادارات الطقس ورادارات تصوير الريح وأجهزة الاستشعار عن ب عد المحمولة في الفضاء. وهو موجه للمتخصصين في الأرصاد الجوية )الطقس والماء والمناخ، على سبيل المثال( وفي هيئات الاتصالات الراديوية، بما فيها المؤسسات الحكومية، وقطاع الصناعة وعامة الجمهور
Manual - Utilización del espectro radioeléctrico en meteorología : observación y predicción del clima, de los fenómenos meteorológicos y de los recursos hídricos
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (ITU) - OMM, 2017 (OMM-No. 1197)El Manual contiene información técnica y operacional completa sobre las actuales aplicaciones y sistemas de observación y sobre la utilización de frecuencias radioeléctricas por sistemas meteorológicos, incluidos satélites meteorológicos, radiosondas, radares meteorológicos, radares de perfil del viento y sistemas de teledetección a bordo de vehículos espaciales. Está destinado a las comunidades meteorológica (es decir, la que estudia los fenómenos meteorológicos, los recursos hídricos y el clima) y de radiocomunicaciones, incluidas las instituciones gubernamentales, la industria y el público ...
Manuel Utilisation du spectre radioélectrique pour la météorologie : surveillance et prévisions concernant le climat, le temps et l’eau
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Union internationale des télécommunications (ITU) - OMM, 2017 (OMM-No. 1197)Ce Manuel donne des informations techniques et opérationnelles complètes sur les systèmes et applications actuels d'observation et sur l'utilisation des fréquences radioélectriques par les systèmes météorologiques: satellites météorologiques, radiosondes, radars météorologiques, radars profileurs de vent, instruments de télédétection spatiale, etc. Il s'adresse à tous les membres intéressés des communautés de la météorologie (temps, eau et climat) et des radiocommunications, y compris les institutions publiques et le secteur privé, et au grand public.
WMO气候平均值计算指南
本文件侧重于地面气象观测站的观测资料。然而，许多原理同样适用于其它形式的观测资 料，包括基于移动或遥感平台（如卫星、雷达或漂流浮标）的高空观测资料和数据集。特 别是，鉴于许多关键遥感数据集始于20世纪70年代，因此，建议尽可能将目前的标准气候 平均期（1981–撰稿时的2010年）用于这些数据集，以使不同资料形式之间能够一致地进 行比较。许多原理还可用于包含位置或地区而不是地面气象观测站的不同数据集，例如面 积平均值或网格数据集中的点。
المبادئ التوجیھیة للمنظمة العالمیة للأرصاد الجویة بشأن حساب معدلات المناخ
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2017 (طبعة 2017; مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1203)تركز ھذه الوثیقة على الرصدات في محطات رصد الأحوال الجویة السطحیة. ومع ذلك، فإن العدید من المبادئ سوف یكون صالحاً أیضاً لأشكال أخرى من الرصدات، بما في ذلك رصدات الھواء العلوي ومجموعة البیانات القائمة على أساس منصات متنقلة أو مُستشعَرة عن بعد (على سبیل المثال، السواتل أو المحطات العائمة الراداریة أو المنساقة). وعلى وجھ الخصوص، بما أن العدید من مجموعات البیانات المُستشعَرة عن بعد یبدأ في السبعینات من القرن الماضي، فمن المستحسن أن تُستخدَم، حیثما أمكن، الفترة 2010 وقت كتابة ھذه الوثیقة) في مجموعات البیانات ھذه بما یسمح - المعدلات المناخیة القیاسیة الحالیة ( 1981 بإجراء مقارنة بین أشكال البیانات ال ...
Руководящие указания ВМО по расчету климатических норм
В настоящем документе основное внимание уделяется наблюдениям со станций приземных метеорологических наблюдений. Вместе с тем многие принципы также будут действительны для других форм наблюдений, включая аэрологические наблюдения и комплекты данных с мобильных платформ и платформ дистанционного зондирования (например, спутников, радиолокаторов или дрейфующих буев). В частности, в связи с тем, что многие основные комплекты данных дистанционного зондирования берут свое начало в 1970 х гг., рекомендуется по возможности использовать в отношении этих комплектов данных текущий период климатологическ ...
Directrices de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial sobre el cálculo de las normales climáticas
El presente documento se centra en las observaciones realizadas en estaciones meteorológicas de observación en superficie. Sin embargo, muchos de los principios expuestos también serán válidos para otras modalidades de observación, incluidas las observaciones en altitud y los conjuntos de datos basados en plataformas móviles o de teledetección (por ejemplo, satélites, sistemas de radar o boyas a la deriva). En particular, dado que numerosos conjuntos de datos de teledetección claves empezaron a elaborarse en el decenio de 1970, se recomienda, cuando ello sea viable, el uso del actual período d ...
WMO Guidelines on the Calculation of Climate Normals
The focus of this document is on observations at surface meteorological observing stations. However, many of the principles will also be valid for other forms of observations, including upper-air observations and datasets based on mobile or remotely sensed platforms (for example, satellites, radar or drifting buoys). In particular, as many key remotely sensed datasets begin in the 1970s, it is recommended that, where feasible, the current climatological standard normal period (1981–2010 at the time of writing) be used for these datasets to allow comparison among different data forms on a consi ...
气象用无线电频谱手册 : 天气、水、气候监测和预测
该手册提供了现有观测应用和系统以及气象系统所使用无线电频率方面的详尽记述和操作信
息，包括气象卫星、无线电探空仪、天气雷达、风廓线雷达和空基遥感仪器等。本书适用于气象 （即天气、水和气候）和无线电通信界人士（包括政府机构、业界和普通大众）。
Guide to the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1165)
This edition of the Guide provides material relevant to some of the new WIGOS-related regulations. The topics cover the new system of WIGOS station identifiers, the new requirements to record and make available metadata as specified in the WIGOS Metadata Standard, the new Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review (OSCAR) tool to be used by Members to submit metadata for WMO global compilation, the new observing network design principles, national WIGOS implementation, WIGOS data partnerships, Regional WIGOS Centres, and WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System for surface-based observations ...
观云识天 [海报]
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2017
Guidelines for Nowcasting Techniques
The purpose of the WMO nowcasting guidelines presented here is to help National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) by providing them with information and knowledge on how to implement a nowcasting system with the resources available to them and an understanding of the current state of science and technology.
Справочник Использование радиочастотного спектра в метеорологии : прогнозирование и мониторинг погоды, климата и качества воды
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO); Международный союз электросвязи (ITU) - BMO, 2017 (BMO-No. 1197)В справочнике содержится обширная техническая и оперативная информация о существующих приложениях и системах наблюдения и об использовании радиочастот метеорологическими системами, включающими метеорологические спутники, радиозонды, метеорологические радары, радары для профилирования ветра, а также приборы спутникового дистанционного зондирования. Он предназначен для метеорологического сообщества (т. e. погода, вода и климат) и сообщества электросвязи, включая государственные учреждения, отрасль и широкую общественность.
Handbook on Use of Radio Spectrum for Meteorology : Weather, Water and Climate Monitoring and Prediction
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - WMO, 2017 (WMO-No. 1197)The Handbook provides comprehensive technical and operational information on current observation applications and systems and on the use of radio frequencies by meteorological systems, including meteorological satellites, radiosondes, weather radars, wind profiler radars and spaceborne remote sensing instruments. It is intended for the meteorological (i.e. weather, water and climate) and radiocommunication communities, including governmental institutions, industry as well as the general public.
IOM Report, 126. Quality Assessment using METEO-Cert : The MeteoSwiss Classification Procedure for Automatic Weather Stations
It this report, METEO-Cert and its application is described. The METEO-Cert process assigns qualitative flags to each station and its instruments. Those qualitative flags provide valuable information on the applicability of the measured data and help to identify potential improvement of the station’s exposure.
دلیل أدوات وطرق الرصد - مطبوع المنظمة رقم 8
وصدرت الطبعة الأولى من دلیل أدوات وطرق رصد الأحوال الجویة (مطبوع المنظمة رقم 8) في عام 1954 وكانت تتألف من اثني عشر فصلاً. ومنذ ذلك الحین، ظلت مسألة التوحید القیاسي مصدر قلق ومن ھنا تواصل اللجنة استعراض محتویات .(CIMO) رئیسیاً بالنسبة لأنشطة لجنة أدوات وطرق الرصد الدلیل وتتأكد من أن عملیات التحدیث المنتظمة تشمل المواد الإرشادیة الحدیثة التي تعكس التطور السریع للتكنولوجیا وتنفیذھا في مجال أدوات وطرق رصد الأحوال الجویة
WIGOS Metadata Standard
French, Spanish and Arabic versions still in preparation
SP, 12. 指导业务气象工作者提高卫星技能和知识的原则
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2018本文件介绍了可支持业务气象工作者使用卫星资料的WMO能力领域的基础技能。这些技能包括：
КП, 12. Руководящие принципы по навыкам и знаниям в области использования спутниковых данных для оперативных метеорологов
В настоящем документе описаны фундаментальные навыки, подкрепляющие компетенции ВМО, связанные с использованием спутниковых данных оперативными метеорологами.
PE, 12. Directrices sobre aptitudes y conocimientos satelitales para meteorólogos de los servicios de operaciones
El presente documento describe las aptitudes fundamentales en apoyo de las competencias de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) relativas al uso de datos satelitales por meteorólogos de los servicios de operaciones.
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