Global Campus
The WMO Global Campus E-Library
The WMO Global Campus initiative is proud to offer this WMOLearn Library of resources. This library provides a searchable collection of educational resources, including WMO publications and education and training materials from various contributing organisations and individuals. Search by WMO competency framework, Main Topics, Region and Country, and/or Nature of Information to find materials useful for training or self-directed learning.
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WIGOS Technical Report, 2016-01. AMDAR Benefits to the Air Transport Industry
This report describes and documents the benefits that the Air Transport Industry (ATI) gains from increased forecast accuracy achieved through the daily collection of atmospheric data gathered by approximately 4,000 inflight commercial aircraft. The report also outlines the Aircraft Meteorological DAta Relay (AMDAR) observing system, the forecast process and describes the importance that AMDAR data plays in numerical weather prediction (NWP).
Measuring the benefits to the ATI requires first to describe and to quantify the improved weather forecast accuracies due solely to the assimilat ...
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Available online: Full text
Published by: WMO ; 2016
This report describes and documents the benefits that the Air Transport Industry (ATI) gains from increased forecast accuracy achieved through the daily collection of atmospheric data gathered by approximately 4,000 inflight commercial aircraft. The report also outlines the Aircraft Meteorological DAta Relay (AMDAR) observing system, the forecast process and describes the importance that AMDAR data plays in numerical weather prediction (NWP).
Measuring the benefits to the ATI requires first to describe and to quantify the improved weather forecast accuracies due solely to the assimilation of the AMDAR data into NWP and its availability to meteorologists. The effects and impacts of the resulting improved forecasts are categorized according to their characteristics (linear1, threshold, etc.) and in relation with each operational activity performed by each ATI sector and function.
For the airlines, we can clearly quantify the benefits of more accurate wind forecasts especially on the fuel burn calculation and fuel load made prior to flight. The impacts during flights and for the other operational activities are more difficult to model. Statistical data for each operational decision derived from better forecast accuracy would be needed to make such assessments. These ‘relational’ statistics are less likely to be documented and much more complex to evaluate. Indeed complex weather phenomena (like convective storms, icing, fog, etc.) are the primary disruptive sources to ATI operations and their prediction certainly is improved with the availability of AMDAR data. However, we are able to leverage a modeling method which relates the Weather Impact Traffic Index (WITI) and the Forecast Accuracy Index (WITI-FA) to calculate an economic impact accounting for the significant role that AMDAR plays in increasing weather forecast accuracy. For other operational activities and aspects of the ATI, there is considerable and well-justified subjective evidence and testimony of the positive impact and value of AMDAR data.
The report therefore provides strong quantitative and ample qualitative evidence of significant benefits and costs savings to be gained from ATI support and participation in the WMO AMDAR Program.Collection(s) and Series: WIGOS Technical Report- No. 2016-01
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Text/ Reading ; WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) ; Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) ; Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) ; Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) ; Numerical weather prediction ; OBS - Personnel managing observing programmes and networks ; OBS - Personnel performing meteorological observations ; Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (IMOP)
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Available online: Full text
Published by: WMO
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Regional Programme (RP) ; Region I - Africa ; World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)
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Climate Services for Supporting Climate Change Adaptation : Supplement to the Technical Guidelines for The National Adaptation Plan Process
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) - WMO, 2016 (WMO-No. 1170)Because of the current and projected impacts on climate due to the high levels of greenhousegas (GHG) emissions, adaptation is a necessary strategy at all scales in a changing climate. At its 17th session, the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process as a way to facilitate effective adaptation planning in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and other developing countries. The four key elements that need to be undertaken in the development of NAPs are: Laying the groundwork and addressin ...
Climate Services for Supporting Climate Change Adaptation: Supplement to the Technical Guidelines for The National Adaptation Plan Process
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World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)
Published by: WMO ; 2016Because of the current and projected impacts on climate due to the high levels of greenhousegas (GHG) emissions, adaptation is a necessary strategy at all scales in a changing climate. At its 17th session, the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process as a way to facilitate effective adaptation planning in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and other developing countries. The four key elements that need to be undertaken in the development of NAPs are: Laying the groundwork and addressing gaps; Preparatory elements; Implementation strategies; and Reporting, monitoring and review. Implementation strategies in the NAP process involve decisions related to climate risk management, which have to be based on reliable, relevant, usable and timely climate information. A number of activities in the different elements of the NAP process require effective and timely climate services consisting of the collection of climate data; generation and provision of a wide range of information on past, present and future climate; development of products that help improve the understanding of climate and its impacts on natural and human systems; and the application of these data, information and products for decision-making in all walks of life and at all levels of society.
Collection(s) and Series: WMO- No. 1170
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)ISBN (or other code): 978-92-63-11170-8
Tags: Climate services ; Guidelines ; Adaptation ; Competencies for Provision of Climate Services ; Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS)
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Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160) : Annex VIII to the WMO Technical Regulations
This is the first edition of the Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160), developed following the decision of the Sixteenth World Meteorological Congress to proceed with the implementation of that System (WIGOS). It was approved by the Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress.
The Manual was developed by the Executive Council through its Inter-Commission Coordination Group on WIGOS, specifically its Task Team on WIGOS Regulatory Material. It is the result of a collaborative approach involving all interested technical commissions under the leadership of the C ...
Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160): Annex VIII to the WMO Technical Regulations
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Published by: WMO ; 2021 (2021 edition)
This is the first edition of the Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160), developed following the decision of the Sixteenth World Meteorological Congress to proceed with the implementation of that System (WIGOS). It was approved by the Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress.
The Manual was developed by the Executive Council through its Inter-Commission Coordination Group on WIGOS, specifically its Task Team on WIGOS Regulatory Material. It is the result of a collaborative approach involving all interested technical commissions under the leadership of the Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) and the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO).
The Manual is designed: (a) To specify the obligations of Members in the implementation and operation of WIGOS; (b) To facilitate cooperation in observations between Members; (c) To ensure adequate uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures employed in achieving (a) and (b) above.Collection(s) and Series: WMO- No. 1160
Language(s): English; Other Languages: French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Chinese
Format: Digital (Free)ISBN (or other code): 978-92-63-11160-9
Tags: Observations ; Meteorological instrument ; Hydrometeorological instrument ; Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) ; Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) ; WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) ; Manual ; OBS - Personnel installing and maintaining instrumentation ; OBS - Personnel managing observing programmes and networks ; OBS - Personnel performing instrument calibrations ; OBS - Personnel performing meteorological observations ; Technical Publications
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WIGOS Technical Report, 2015-01. Impact and benefits of AMDAR temperature, wind and moisture observations in operational weather forecasting
This report reviews the impact of AMDAR observations on operational NWP forecasts at both regional and global scales that support national and local weather forecast offices across the globe.
Impact and benefits of AMDAR temperature, wind and moisture observations in operational weather forecasting
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Published by: WMO ; 2015
This report reviews the impact of AMDAR observations on operational NWP forecasts at both regional and global scales that support national and local weather forecast offices across the globe.
Collection(s) and Series: WIGOS Technical Report- No. 2015-01
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Text/ Reading ; WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) ; Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) ; Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) ; Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) ; OBS - Personnel managing observing programmes and networks ; OBS - Personnel performing meteorological observations ; Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (IMOP) ; Global Observing System (GOS)
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Руководство по климатологической практике
Настоящая публикация предназначена для предоставления руководства и оказания содействия странам — членам Всемирной Метеорологической Организации (ВМО) в развитии национальной деятельности, связанной с климатической информацией и обслуживанием.
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The WMO AMDAR Observing System : Benefits to airlines and aviation
A 4-page brochure, developed and published by WMO, that briefly explains the benefits of the AMDAR observing system to airlines and the aviation industry.
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WIGOS Technical Report, 2014-02. Requirements for the Implementation and Operation of an AMDAR Programme
This document provides guidance to WMO Members on the requirements for the establishment and operation of a national or regional AMDAR observing system in collaboration with one or more partner commercial airlines. It has been contributed to and reviewed by observing system experts of WMO Members, including members of the WMO Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) Expert Team on Aircraft-Based Observing Systems (ET-ABO).
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Руководящие указания для преподавателей в области метеорологического, гидрологического и климатического обслуживания
Компетенции, описанные в настоящей публикации, предназначены для повышения профессионального статуса обучающих лиц и уточнения их ожиданий посредством определения знаний, навыков, умений и профессиональных установок, которые требуются от преподавателей, оказывающих поддержку странам – членам ВМО. Помимо этих компетенций публикация содержит обширный материал, который поможет преподавателям повышать уровень их компетенций. Цель заключается в поощрении преподавателей, как начинающих, так и с опытом работы в этом качестве, к более глубокому осмыслению процесса обучения и расширению, таким образом, ...
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Directrices para los instructores de los servicios meteorológicos, hidrológicos y climáticos
Las competencias descritas en esta publicación tienen por finalidad realzar el estatus profesional de los instructores y aclarar sus expectativas. Para ello, se definen los conocimientos, las aptitudes y los comportamientos exigidos a los instructores que apoyan a los Miembros de la OMM. Además de las competencias, la presente publicación contiene abundante material que ayudará a los instructores a desarrollar esas competencias. El objetivo es alentar a los instructores, ya sean inexpertos o experimentados, a reflexionar con mayor detenimiento sobre el proceso de aprendizaje y, por ende, poten ...
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Directives à l’intention des formateurs dans le domaine des services météorologiques, hydrologiques et climatologiques
Les compétences décrites dans la présente publication visent à améliorer la situation professionnelle des formateurs et permettent de mieux cerner les attentes en définissant les connaissances, aptitudes et attitudes que ceux-ci doivent avoir pour apporter leur aide aux Membres de l’OMM. Outre la description des différentes compétences requises, la publication contient de nombreuses informations susceptibles d’aider les formateurs à développer ces compétences. L’objectif est d’encourager les formateurs, qu’ils soient novices ou expérimentés, à réfléchir de manière plus approfondie au processus ...
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气候实践指南
本出版物旨在为世界气象组织(WMO)会 员开展与气候信息与服务相关的国家活动提供 指导和支持。本指南之前已有两个版本:最初 的版本出现在1960年,而第二个版本于1983年 出版。随着时间的推移,虽然很多最基本的气 候科学和气候学惯例仍然保持不变,但是气候 学知识和资料分析技术方面的科学进步,以及 技术、计算机能力以及仪器方面的变化,使得 第二个版本过时了。
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دليل الممارسات المناخية
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2018 (طبعة 2018; مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 100)صمم هذا المطبوع من أجل توفير التوجيه والمساعدة لأعضاء المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية في تطوير الأنشطة الوطنية المرتبطة بالمعلومات والخدمات المناخية. وقد صدرت طبعتان سابقتان من هذا الدليل: المطبوع الأصلي، الذي ظهر في 1960 ، والطبعة الثانية، التي نشرت في 1983 . ومع أن الكثير من مبادئ علم المناخ والممارسات المناخية لم تفقد صلاحيتها مع مرور الزمن، فإن أوجه التقدم العلمي في المعارف المناخية وأساليب تحليل البيانات، فضاً عن التغيرات التي حدثت في التكنولوجيا، وفي قدرات الحواسيب والأجهزة، قد جعلت الطبعة الثانية غير مناسبة للعصر.
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PWS, 26. Directives pour l’élaboration d’un mémorandum d’accord entre un Service météorologique ou hydrométéorologique national et un organisme partenaire et pour la mise au point de procédures d’exploitation normalisées
Un modèle général décrivant les principaux éléments d'un mémorandum d'accord est inclus dans les présentes directives. Ce modèle est censé servir de guide et ne doit pas être considéré comme contraignant. Les éléments à inclure dans le modèle et les dispositions à prévoir sont déterminés par le contexte particulier dans lequel s'inscrivent le SMN considéré et l'organisme partenaire. On trouvera ici deux exemples instructifs de mémorandum d'accord, l'un entre un SMN et un service de gestion des catastrophes et l'autre entre un SMN et une agence de presse.
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PWS, 27. Principes directeurs pour la mise en oeuvre de systèmes d’alerte en cas d’urgence compatibles avec le Protocole d’alerte commun (PAC)
Le Programme des services météorologiques destinés au public (PSMP) relevant de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) vise principalement à aider les Services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux (SMHN) à développer ou à améliorer leur capacité de fournir des services à la population, aux médias, aux responsables de la gestion des catastrophes, au personnel d’intervention ainsi qu’aux autres utilisateurs des divers secteurs socio-économiques concernés. Il aide donc les SMHN à remplir leur mission et à fournir des services d’avis et d’alerte en vue d’assurer la protection des perso ...
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Guide to the Implementation of Quality Management Systems for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and Other Relevant Service Providers
The objective of this publication is to provide guidance to WMO Members on how to develop and implement a quality management system (QMS). The Guide details the steps required to obtain certification of compliance with the ISO standard ISO 9001:2015, Quality Management System – Requirements (ISO, 2015c)It also provides the steps for transition from ISO standard ISO 9001:2008 (ISO, 2008) to standard ISO 9001:2015 (ISO, 2015c). It is especially focused on WMO Member National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). However, it could be successfully utilized by other service providers, ...
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基本文件, 2号. 技术规则: 第一卷-通用气象标准和建议规范
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2019《技术规则》是根据《公约》第八条第4款由世界气象大会制定的。《技术规则》的制定是为了:
(1) 促进世界气象组织各会员之间在气象学和水文学方面的合作;
(2) 最有效地满足国际气象应用和业务水文各领域内的特殊需要;
(3) 在实现上述(1)和(2)两项目标的过程中,确保他们所使用的规范和程序具有足够的一致性和标准化。
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IOM Report, 101. Guidance on Instrumentation for Calibration Laboratories, including Regional Instrument Centres
Users of meteorological observations have increasing needs for high quality meteorological and hydrological data. The traceability of these data to the International System of Units (SI) standards is needed to ensure their quality and to meet the users’ requirements. Regional Instrument Centres, as well as NMHSs calibration laboratories are essential in ensuring data quality by providing calibration of the standards and traceability to SI. CIMOXIV recognized that RICs needed guidance on how to build calibration laboratories and purchase calibration equipment to strengthen their capabilities. T ...
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PWS, 27. Directrices para la aplicación de alertas de emergencia adaptadas al Protocolo de alerta común (CAP)
El Programa de Servicios Meteorológicos para el Público (PSMP) de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) tiene por objeto principal ayudar a los Servicios Meteorológicos e Hidrológicos Nacionales (SMHN) a desarrollar o mejorar su capacidad para prestar servicios al público, los medios de comunicación, las autoridades encargadas de la gestión de desastres, los equipos de emergencia y otros usuarios de los sectores social y económico. Por consiguiente, el PSMP ayuda a los SMHN a cumplir con su responsabilidad de proporcionar servicios de alerta y aviso con objeto de garantizar la seguridad ...
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Guidelines for Trainers in Meteorological, Hydrological and Climate Services
This publication is intended for those involved in providing training for staff in a National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS) or related agencies. In particular, it aims to strengthen training departments and enhance the expertise of trainers by providing a reference manual and introductory guide. It includes guidance on the options available to ensure positive learning experiences for individuals and organizations.
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PWS, 26. مبادئ توجيهية بشأن إعداد مذكرة تفاهم وإجراء تشغيل موحد بين المرافق الوطنية للأرصاد الجوية أو الأرصاد الجوية الهيدرولوجية والوكالات الشريكة
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; Gill Jon - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2012 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1099)وتتضمن هذه المبادئ التوجيهية نموذجاً عاماً يصف الأجزاء المهمة من مذآرة التفاهم. وينبغي استخدام النموذج آدليل توجيهي، لا آوصفة تُتّبع بحذافيرها. وتحدد الظروف الخاصة بكل مرفق وطني للأرصاد الجوية أو والوآالة الشريكة له أي من مكونات النموذج ينبغي إدراجها وأية أحكام ينبغي (NMS) الأرصاد الجوية الهيدرولوجية الأخذ بها. ويوجد أيضاً مثلان اثنان من مذآرات تفاهم يمكن الاسترشاد بهما، واحد بين مرفق وطني للأرصاد الجوية ووآالة لإدارة الكوارث والآخر بين مرفق وطني للأرصاد الجوية أو (NMS) أو الأرصاد الجوية الهيدرولوجية ومنظمة إعلامية. (NMS) الأرصاد الجوية الهيدرولوجي
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