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Rules of Procedure for the Executive Council
These rules of procedure cover the Executive Council and the panels reporting to it (Scientific Advisory Panel, Climate Coordination Panel, Hydrological Coordination Panel, Panel of Experts on Polar and High-mountain Observations, Research and Services and Capacity Development Panel). Established in accordance with Regulation 3, they were adopted by the Executive Council under the authority of the Convention and of the General Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization.
Manual on Codes - International Codes, Volume I.3 - Annex II to the WMO Technical Regulations : Part D – Representations derived from data models
Part D – Representations derived from data models consists of the specification of the list of standard representations derived from data models, including those using extensible markup language (XML), with their specifications and associated code tables. This is the first edition of Volume I.3 of the Manual on Codes and introduces the use of XML.
Compendium on Tropical Meteorology for Aviation Purposes
This Compendium is intended for use by airport and airspace planners and designers, air traffic controllers and flight crew to improve their knowledge of the basic processes governing weather in the tropics as well as the detailed climate and weather of the individual regions in and adjacent to the tropics. This Compendium can also be used by operational and non-operational meteorologists, including aeronautical meteorological observers and forecasters, as well as meteorological training professionals as valuable reference material and a training aid.
Aerodrome reports and forecasts : A Users’ Handbook to the Codes
This booklet is a simple guide to the aeronautical meteorological codes, METAR, SPECI and TAF, applicable on 5 November 2020, updated as a result of the alignment of the Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49), Volume II – Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation, Parts I and II, with Amendment 79 to Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. It is aimed at a wide range of users such as pilots, flight dispatchers, air traffic control staff and meteorological observers at smaller aerodromes where sophisticated automated instruments are not available. Although the reade ...
Basic Documents, 2. Technical Regulations, Volume II – Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation
These Regulations are designed:
(a) To facilitate cooperation in meteorology and hydrology between Members;
(b) To meet, in the most effective manner, specific needs in the various fields of application of
meteorology and operational hydrology in the international sphere; and
(c) To ensure adequate uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures
employed in achieving (a) and (b) above.
State of the Climate in Africa 2019
The State of the Climate in Africa 2019, report provides a snapshot of climate trends, observed high-impact events and associated risks and impacts on key sensitive sectors in Africa. The report also draws lessons on existing gaps in climate change action.
Guide to Wave Analysis and Forecasting
This publication is the outcome of the revision, expansion and up-dating of the 1998 Guide to Wave Analysis and Forecasting. It is designed to enhance the provision of up-to-date information and guidance material on all aspects of the ocean-related activities of National Meteorological Services.
This 2018 (3rd edition) represents the latest updates, taking into account the dramatic improvements in wave modelling and observational capability over the last two decades. The former JCOMM Expert Team on Waves and Coastal Hazards led the revision.
2020 State of Climate Services
Between 1970 and 2019, 79% of disasters worldwide involved weather, water, and climate-related hazards. These disasters accounted for 56% of deaths and 75% of economic losses from disasters associated with natural hazards reported during that period. As climate change continues to threaten human lives, ecosystems and economies, risk information and early warning systems (EWS) are increasingly seen as key for reducing these impacts. The majority of countries, including 88% of least developed countries and small island states, that submitted their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to UN ...
Guidelines on Homogenization
This publication provides guidance on homogenization of instrumental land station data. For beginners, the publication describes prerequisites for homogenization (including data rescue, quality control, metadata, parallel measurements etc), explains homogenization practices in detail and provides an overview of homogenization software packages. For advanced users, the history and mathematical theory of homogenization is introduced.
Global Climate in 2015–2019
The Global Climate in 2015–2019 is part of the WMO Statements on Climate providing authoritative information on the state of the climate and impacts. It builds on operational monitoring systems at global, regional and national scales. It has been authored by: Peter Siegmund, lead author (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), Jakob Abermann (University of Graz, Austria), Omar Baddour, Michael Sparrow, Rodica Nitu, Oksana Tarasova (WMO), Pep Canadell (CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Australia), Anny Cazenave (Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Centre National d’ ...
지구기후보고서 The Global Climate (2015-2019)
The Global Climate in 2015–2019 is part of the WMO Statements on Climate providing authoritative information on the state of the climate and impacts. It builds on operational monitoring systems at global, regional and national scales. It has been authored by: Peter Siegmund, lead author (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), Jakob Abermann (University of Graz, Austria), Omar Baddour, Michael Sparrow, Rodica Nitu, Oksana Tarasova (WMO), Pep Canadell (CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Australia), Anny Cazenave (Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales, Centre National d’ ...
Manual on Codes - International Codes, Volume I.2, Annex II to the WMO Technical Regulations : Part B – Binary Codes, Part C – Common Features to Binary and Alphanumeric Codes
Volume I contains WMO international codes for meteorological data and other geophysical data relating to meteorology. The relevant regulations are given for each code form.
MMO Series, 03. Report of the WMO/IMO International Symposium ‘Extreme Maritime Weather: Towards Safety of Life at Sea and a Sustainable Blue Economy
The first International Symposium on “Extreme Maritime Weather: Towards Safety of Life at Sea and a Sustainable Blue Economy” was held in London at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Headquarters from the 23rd to 25th October 2019. Jointly organized by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the IMO, over 200 participants from over 40 different countries attended, representing both private and public sectors, and including Ministers and Ambassadors. The structure of the Symposium consisted of Plenary Sessions, with invited presentations and panel discussions. The Symposium P ...
Capacity Development for Climate Services: Guidelines for National Meteorological and Hydrological Servi
These guidelines are intended to provide National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and other climate service providers with up-to-date information on available resources, strategies, procedures and best practices to help develop their capacities in the provision and use of climate services at the global, regional and national level. The guidance focuses on enhancing the capacity of NMHSs in four key areas: institutional, infrastructural, procedural and human resources. These four areas must be considered together to achieve sustainable capacity development.
Guide to WMO Information System
In conjunction with the Manual on the WMO Information System (Manual on WIS) (WMO-No. 1060), the Guide to the WMO Information System (Guide to WIS) is designed to ensure adequate uniformity and standardization in the data, information and communication practices, procedures and specifications employed among WMO Members in the operation of the WMO Information System (WIS) as it supports the mission of WMO. The Manual on WIS, Annex VII to the WMO Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49), contains standard and recommended practices, procedures and specifications. The Guide to WIS contains additional in ...
Guidelines on Meteorological and Hydrological Aspects of Siting and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants
Meteorology and hydrology play an important role in the understanding of the basic criteria for the siting of nuclear power plant and in applying protective measures for their operations. In order to provide advice on this matter, the WMO Secretariat, at the request of the Executive Council, arranged for the preparation of a Technical Note aimed at practising meteorologists and hydrologists of countries faced with the task of installing nuclear power plants.
Vision for the WMO Integrated Global Observing System in 2040
This document provides high-level targets to guide the evolution of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) in the coming decades. This vision (henceforth referred to as the “Vision for WIGOS in 2040” or simply the “Vision”) replaces the “Vision for the Global Observing System in 2025”, which was adopted by the Executive Council at its sixty-first session in June 2009. In many ways, the 2025 Vision foreshadowed the development of WIGOS, whereas the current document anticipates a fully developed and implemented WIGOS framework that supports all act ...
PPE 1. Origin, Impact and Aftermath of WMO Resolution 40
In 2020, WMO celebrates its seventieth anniversary, and its community is again presented with both opportunities and threats from scientific progress, new technologies and major shifts in public policy in many countries. Together, these suggest a need to re-examine the policy foundations of current practice.
Resolutions and Decisions of Congress and the Executive Council
Contains lists of the Congress and Executive Council resolutions.
Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System : Annex VIII to the WMO Technical Regulations
This is the first edition of the Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO-No. 1160), developed following the decision of the Sixteenth World Meteorological Congress to proceed with the implementation of that System (WIGOS). It was approved by the Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress.
The Manual was developed by the Executive Council through its Inter-Commission Coordination Group on WIGOS, specifically its Task Team on WIGOS Regulatory Material. It is the result of a collaborative approach involving all interested technical commissions under the leadership of the C ...
WMO Guidelines on Emerging Data Issues
These WMO Guidelines on Emerging Data Issues are the result of a request made at the seventeenth World Meteorological Congress (Cg-17) to provide clarity and guidance for Members in navigating the rapidly changing world of data and data technologies, and especially to provide some insight regarding trends and emerging challenges in data and their use (WMO, 2015a). While these Guidelines necessarily refer to technical aspects of data, the focus is on the impact (positive and negative) of emerging data issues on WMO systems, on the systems and services provided by WMO Members, and how Members mi ...
WMO Strategic Plan 2020-2023
The Strategic Plan adopted by the Eighteenth World Meteorological Congress, in June 2019, sets the directions and priorities to guide the activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) during 2020–2023 and up to 2030 to enable all Members to improve their information, products and services.
Manual on the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System: Annex IV to the WMO Technical Regulations
This manual is designed to facilitate cooperation in data-processing and forecasting among Members; to specify obligations of Members in the implementation of the World Weather Watch (WWW) Global Data Processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS); and to ensure adequate uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures employed in achieving these.
Guidance on Integrated Urban Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environmental Services - Volume I : Concept and Methodology
This Guidance on Integrated Urban Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environment Services (Volume I: Concept and Methodology) serves to assist WMO Members in the development and implementation of the urban services that address the needs of the cities stakeholders in their countries.
Guide to the WMO Integrated Global Observing System
This edition of the Guide provides material relevant to some of the new WIGOS-related regulations. The topics cover the new system of WIGOS station identifiers, the new requirements to record and make available metadata as specified in the WIGOS Metadata Standard, the new Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review (OSCAR) tool to be used by Members to submit metadata for WMO global compilation, the new observing network design principles, national WIGOS implementation, WIGOS data partnerships, Regional WIGOS Centres, and WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System for surface-based observations ...
Manual on the WMO Information System : Annex VII to the WMO Technical Regulations
The Manual on the WMO Information System (WMO-No. 1060) is designed to ensure adequate uniformity and standardization of data, information and communications practices, procedures and specifications employed among World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Members in the operation of the WMO Information System (WIS) as it supports the mission of the Organization.
Basic documents No. 1
This publication contains: the texts of the WMO Convention; the General, Staff and Financial Regulations; the text of the Agreement between the UN and WMO; the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies; and the agreement, plan of execution and protocol concluded between the Swiss Federal Council and WMO governing the latter's status in Switzerland.
WIGOS Metadata Standard
French, Spanish and Arabic versions still in preparation
2019 State of Climate Services
The report provides case studies, examples and explanations as to the role of climate information and services to support agriculture in the face of climate variability and change, assesses gaps and makes recommendations. This analysis helps highlight both challenges and opportunities for climate service efforts
aimed at promoting climate resilient development and adaptation action.
Basic Documents, 2. Technical Regulations, Volume I - General Meteorological Standards and Recommended Practices
The Technical Regulations are determined by the World Meteorological Congress in accordance with Article 8 (d) of the Convention.
These Regulations are designed:
(a) To facilitate cooperation in meteorology and hydrology among Members;
(b) To meet, in the most effective manner, specific needs in the various fields of application of meteorology and operational hydrology in the international sphere;
(c) To ensure adequate uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures employed in achieving (a) and (b) above.
Rules of Procedure for Regional Associations
The rules of procedure for the regional associations have been adopted in accordance with Regulation 3 of the General Regulations. Their goal is to ensure standardized procedural arrangements for all regional associations and their subsidiary bodies.
Rules of Procedure for Technical Commissions
The rules of procedure for the technical commissions have been adopted in accordance with Regulation 3 of the General Regulations. Their goal is to ensure standardized procedural arrangements for all technical commissions and their subsidiary bodies.
Compendium of WMO Competency Frameworks
The purpose of this Compendium is to provide Members with easy access to all the WMO competency frameworks that have been implemented since the first frameworks for aeronautical meteorological personnel were put in place in 2013. This publication accompanies the Guide to Competency (WMO-No. 1205), which provides competency implementation advice to Members.
Guidance on Environmental Flows : Integrating E-flow Science with Fluvial Geomorphology to Maintain Ecosystem Services
Fluvial systems provide a wide range of necessary services for human society to thrive on. These are the so-called ecosystem services: food, drinking water, natural flood mitigation, energy and so forth. Such services are linked to an appropriate level of functionality of fluvial processes, which can be accounted for in terms of ecological objectives. These ecological objectives in watercourses can be reached only if appropriate flow and sediment regimes and related quality of channel morphology are guaranteed. The establishment and maintenance of such flow regimes, namely environmental flows ...
WMO Statement on the state of the global climate in 2018
This publication marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate, which was first issued in 1994. The 2019 edition treating data for 2018 marks sustained international efforts dedicated to reporting on, analysing and understanding the year-to-year variations and long-term trends of a changing climate.
Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation
The first edition of this guide was published in 1950.
Guide to Competency
The purpose of this Guide is to provide guidance to Members’ organizations that are developing, implementing and/or maintaining competency-based training and assessment programmes based upon the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) competency frameworks established in the Technical Regulations, Volume I (WMO-No.49).
Examples of selected Members’ best practices are included in this guidance material to facilitate transfer of knowledge and experience, and thus enable organizations to achieve compliance with the WMO requirements in the most efficient way.
This Guide will also be ...
Guide to marine meteorological services
Internationally agreed methods of providing services to the marine community around the world are described in the Manual on Marine Meteorological Services (WMO-No. 558), Volume I. The purpose of this Guide is to complement the Manual by:
(a) Describing the requirements for the various types of service;
(b) Explaining the rationale for the agreed methods of providing services;
(c) Giving guidance on how to set up and maintain marine meteorological services.
It follows the same structure as the Manual on Marine Meteorological Services.
Satellite Data Telecommunication Handbook
This handbook is a guide to using satellite telecommunication systems and is provided as an attachment to the Guide to the WMO Information System (WMO-No. 1061). It is intended for scientists and managers who are considering using satellite communications to collect data from remote instrumentation located either on land or at sea. The handbook aims to provide an overview of the state of the market at the time of writing (April 2018) so that users can quickly identify which satellite services are appropriate for their needs. Since the market is evolving rapidly, an online version will be made ...
Technical Guidelines for Regional WIGOS Centres on the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System
This publication is an Annex to Chapter 9 of the Guide to the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WMO, 2018). It provides detailed technical guidance for Regional WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) Centres (RWCs) to run the operational activities related to the WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System (WDQMS), specifically for the surface stations of the Global Observing System (GOS) located on land (on the territories of WMO Regional Association (RA) Members). These guidelines describe the three main functions of WDQMS (monitoring, evaluation and incident management), as well as t ...
Low-cost sensors for the measurement of atmospheric composition: overview of topic and future applications : valid as of May 2018
This report considers sensors that are designed for the measurement of atmospheric composition at ambient concentrations focusing on reactive gaseous air pollutants (CO, NOx, O3, SO2), particulate matter (PM) and greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4. It examines example applications where new scientific and technical insight may potentially be gained from using a network of sensors when compared to more sparsely located observations. Access to low-cost sensors appears to offer exciting new atmospheric applications, can support new services and potentially facilitates the inclusion of a new cohort of u ...
Guidelines on Quality Management in Climate Services
Chapter 1 provides a description of the process approach within the ISO 9000 family of QMS standards. Chapter 2 describes the implementation of the process approach in climate services. Chapters 3–6 provide some essential aspects, examples and best practices to be considered when implementing the process approach in climate services processes: climate data, climate monitoring, climate prediction and service delivery. Chapter 7 mentions briefly some steps in obtaining certification.
Guidance on Verification of Operational Seasonal Climate Forecasts
The purpose of this publication is to describe and recommend procedures for the verification of operational probabilistic seasonal forecasts, including those from the Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs), National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and other forecasting centres. The recommendations are meant to complement the WMO Commission for Basic Systems Standardized Verification System for Long-range Forecasts (SVSLRF). SVSLRF defines standards for verifying model outputs from Global Producing Centres (GPCs), and so includes procedures for measuring the quality of ensemble predic ...
An International Agenda for Education and Training in Meteorology and Hydrology
This publication summarizes the main conclusions and recommendations from SYMET-13 and includes the Statement agreed by the participants on the final day of the Symposium.
2017 Annual Report : Services for Decision-Making
This Annual Report provides a snapshot of this progress. During the course of this single year, the new WMO HydroHub started to stimulate innovation and community engagement for making hydrological measurements more sustainable. WMO became an official observer with the Arctic Council and launched the Year of Polar Prediction to improve predictions for the Arctic and Antarctic. National agencies launched and operationalized sophisticated, next-generation meteorological satellites. The WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) expanded its reporting to cover reactive gases and airborne dust. We strength ...
Guidance on Good Practices for Climate Services User Engagement : Expert Team on User Interface for Climate Services
This guidance document is primarily intended for the providers of climate services, in particular for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services, but will also be of use to other organizations involved in the development, delivery and use of climate services.
Step-by-step Guidelines for Establishing a National Framework for Climate Services
This document explains how to initiate and develop a functional NFCS that will serve as a key coordination mechanism to bring together the local, national, regional and global stakeholders needed for successful generation and delivery of co-designed and co-produced climate services with and for users, effectively linking climate knowledge with action on the ground at national and local levels.
Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology, Abridged Final Report of the Fifth Session
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - WMO, 2018 (WMO-No. 1208)
Guide to Climatological Practices
This publication is designed to provide Members of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) with guidance and assistance in developing national activities linked to climate information and services.
Guide to the Direct Broadcast Network for Near-real-time Relay of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Data
The purpose of this Guide is to define the minimum technical specifications and procedures applicable to the Direct Broadcast Network for Near-real-time Relay of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Data (DBNet) and to provide guidance for implementing these specifications and procedures.
In the present Guide, the term “shall” is used when referring to the technical specifications and procedures that have to be applied for DBNet to work properly, and the term “should” when referring to those that would enhance the proper functioning of DBNet. The DBNet technical specifications are applica ...
Guide to the Implementation of Quality Management Systems for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and Other Relevant Service Providers
The objective of this publication is to provide guidance to WMO Members on how to develop and implement a quality management system (QMS). The Guide details the steps required to obtain certification of compliance with the ISO standard ISO 9001:2015, Quality Management System – Requirements (ISO, 2015c)It also provides the steps for transition from ISO standard ISO 9001:2008 (ISO, 2008) to standard ISO 9001:2015 (ISO, 2015c). It is especially focused on WMO Member National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). However, it could be successfully utilized by other service providers, ...
Challenges in the Transition from Conventional to Automatic Meteorological Observing Networks for Long-term Climate Records
Guidelines for managing changes in climate observation programmes, with a set of recommended practices by which such changes can be managed, have already been published (WMO, 2007). This guidance note will focus on those AWSs likely to form part of long-term climate records. These will normally be owned by NMHSs or associated agencies, or sometimes by third parties (such as aviation, agriculture or road transport agencies) under standards endorsed by the NMHSs. Experience shows that private AWSs can be useful for some climate purposes (such as providing information on individual local-scale ex ...
Guidelines on the Role, Operation and Management of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
These Guidelines are intended to provide a one-stop, consistent and contemporary reference resource from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for managers of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). They should help with many of the challenges that directors and managers of NMHSs face, including:
– Ensuring that the NMHS is able to meet national needs for meteorological, hydrological and related data and services;
– Responding to newly identified challenges in a rapidly changing world;
– Clarifying and articulating the mandate of the NMHS;
– ...
WMO Guidelines on Generating a Defined Set of National Climate Monitoring Products
The aim of this publication is to provide a specification for the shortlist of NCMPs that can be produced consistently and easily by most countries. By having clearly defined NCMPs, it should be possible for countries with fewer resources to focus their efforts on a small number of products that have wide applicability and interest.
WMO Guidelines on the Calculation of Climate Normals
The focus of this document is on observations at surface meteorological observing stations. However, many of the principles will also be valid for other forms of observations, including upper-air observations and datasets based on mobile or remotely sensed platforms (for example, satellites, radar or drifting buoys). In particular, as many key remotely sensed datasets begin in the 1970s, it is recommended that, where feasible, the current climatological standard normal period (1981–2010 at the time of writing) be used for these datasets to allow comparison among different data forms on a consi ...
Guidelines for Nowcasting Techniques
The purpose of the WMO nowcasting guidelines presented here is to help National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) by providing them with information and knowledge on how to implement a nowcasting system with the resources available to them and an understanding of the current state of science and technology.
Handbook on Use of Radio Spectrum for Meteorology : Weather, Water and Climate Monitoring and Prediction
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - WMO, 2017 (WMO-No. 1197)The Handbook provides comprehensive technical and operational information on current observation applications and systems and on the use of radio frequencies by meteorological systems, including meteorological satellites, radiosondes, weather radars, wind profiler radars and spaceborne remote sensing instruments. It is intended for the meteorological (i.e. weather, water and climate) and radiocommunication communities, including governmental institutions, industry as well as the general public.
Guidelines on Best Practices for Achieving User Readiness for New Meteorological Satellites
The current publication presents, in an integrated manner, best practices for user-readiness projects performed by user organizations (for example, NMHSs) as well as for satellite development programmes in support of user readiness. Definitions of and a timeline for deliverables are presented that should be made available by the satellite development programmes to user-readiness projects. The best practices documented here therefore apply to both user organizations (section 3) and satellite operators (section 5). The primary audiences for this publication are Members of the Coordination Group ...
Driving Innovation Together: The World Weather Research Programme
In view of the increasing pressure on water resources, National Hydrological Services (NHSs) worldwide are faced with the challenge to deliver hydrological services of high quality, timeliness and proven credibility, to assist the decision making process of water and natural resources managers. Nowadays, it is commonly expected that these services must be based on information that includes an accurate assessment of its uncertainty. Stream discharge, the basic hydrological variable, is no exception, yet most measurements are still reported as a value without any information on its associated un ...
WMO Statement on the state of the global climate in 2016
This latest report confirms that 2016 was the warmest year on record: a remarkable 1.1 °C above the pre-industrial period, which is 0.06 °C above the previous record set in 2015. This increase in global temperature is consistent with other changes in the climate system. Globally averaged sea-surface temperatures were also the warmest on record; global sea levels continued to rise; and Arctic sea-ice extent was well below average for most of the year.
Guide to the Management and Operation of WMO Regional Training Centres and Other Training Institutions
This publication responds to the recommendations made in the review of the future roles and operation of RTCs, which was carried out by the Executive Council Panel of Experts on Education and Training from 2012 to 2014. The review and recommendations were approved by the WMO Executive Council at its sixty-sixth session in 2014. The review underlined the importance and usefulness of the RTCs to WMO Members. However, it also noted that, for Members to get even more value from such centres, the criteria for designation and reconfirmation of RTCs needed to be improved and that Directors of RTCs wo ...
Guidelines for the Assessment of Uncertainty for Hydrometric Measurement
In view of the increasing pressure on water resources, National Hydrological Services (NHSs) worldwide are faced with the challenge to deliver hydrological services of high quality, timeliness and proven credibility, to assist the decision making process of water and natural resources managers. Nowadays, it is commonly expected that these services must be based on information that includes an accurate assessment of its uncertainty. Stream discharge, the basic hydrological variable, is no exception, yet most measurements are still reported as a value without any information on its associated un ...
A career in meteorology
This book is a brief introduction to a career in meteorology. For more information about qualifications, training and opportunities, you are invited to consult your career adviser or your local or national weather service.
TCP, 30. RA IV Hurricane Operational Plan
The regional activities under the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme consist mainly of the programmes pursued by groups of countries acting in concert to improve their warning systems. In Region IV (North America, Central America and the Caribbean) there is a long history of collective action specifically designed to protect people and property from the severe tropical cyclones which are called hurricanes in the Region. A working group, known as the RA IV Hurricane Committee, was established by the seventh session of Regional Association IV (Mexico City, April May 1977) to promote such activities ...International Cloud Atlas: Manual on the Observation of Clouds and Other Meteors
This Atlas describes the classification system for clouds and meteorological phenomena used by all WMO Members. The classifications also describe meteorological meteors other than clouds – hydrometeors, lithometeors, photometeors, and electrometeors.
The Atlas provides a common language to communicate cloud observations, and ensures consistency in reporting by observers around the world. It serves as a training tool for meteorologists, as well as for those working in aeronautical and maritime environments, and it has become popular with weather enthusiasts and cloud spotters.
GAW Report, 227. WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement Procedures, Guidelines and Recommendations
It is the goal of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme to ensure long - term measurements in order to detect trends in global distributions of chemical constituents in air and the reasons for them (WMO, 2001a). With respect to aerosols, the objective of GAW is to determine the spatio - temporal distribution of aerosol properties related to climate forcing and air quality on multi - decadal time scales and on regional, hemispheric and global spatial scales. The objective of GAW Report No. 153, published in 2003, was to provide a synthesis of methodologies and procedures for measuring the ...
Guide to Information Technology Security
The purpose of this publication is to provide the reader with a broad overview of the main information technology security (ITS) components and procedures. It is not meant to be an extensive security course, as such information is widely available in the information technology (IT) industry. It is aimed at high-level managers, system managers and technicians who wish to have an introduction to ITS. It should act as an aid to understanding the basic concepts and principles of ITS, and help the reader to direct further study in this ever-widening field of computer science.
Guidelines on Best Practices for Climate Data Rescue
This technical document is an update of WMO/TD-1210, WCDMP-55, Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue (2004). It builds on the original Guidelines, while taking into account both changes in technology that have occurred in the intervening 12 years and lessons learned in more recent climate data rescue activities around the world. An overview of data rescue is presented with chapters on its importance, archiving original media, imaging, digitization and archiving digital images and digital data. Twelve appendices provide supporting information.
The Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue are intend ...
Use of Climate Predictions to Manage Risks
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) - WMO, 2016 (WMO-No. 1174)
Weather and Desert Locusts
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) - WMO, 2016 (WMO-No. 1175)
The Global Climate in 2011–2015
This report describes the evolution of the climate system during the period 2011–2015. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has assessed this five-year period in order to contribute to a better understanding of multiyear warming trends and extreme events that can help governments to implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change more effectively.
Handbook of Drought Indicators and Indices
The purpose of this handbook is to cover some of the most commonly used drought indicators/indices that are being applied across drought-prone regions, with the goal of advancing monitoring, early warning and information delivery systems in support of risk-based drought management policies and preparedness plans. These concepts and indicators/indices are outlined below in what is considered to be a living document that will evolve and integrate new indicators and indices as they come to light and are applied in the future. The handbook is aimed at those who want to generate indicators and indi ...
GAW Report, 226. Coupled Chemistry-Meteorology/ Climate Modelling (CCMM): status and relevance for numerical weather prediction, atmospheric pollution and climate research
Online coupled meteorology atmospheric chemistry models have undergone a rapid evolution in recent years. Although mainly developed by the air quality modelling community, these models are also of interest for numerical weather prediction and climate modelling as they can consider not only the effects of meteorology on air quality, but also the potentially important effects of atmospheric composition on weather. This report provides the main conclusions from the Symposium on “Coupled Chemistry-Meteorology/Climate Modelling: Status and Relevance for Numerical Weather Prediction, Air Quality and ...
Climate Services for Supporting Climate Change Adaptation : Supplement to the Technical Guidelines for The National Adaptation Plan Process
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) - WMO, 2016 (WMO-No. 1170)Because of the current and projected impacts on climate due to the high levels of greenhousegas (GHG) emissions, adaptation is a necessary strategy at all scales in a changing climate. At its 17th session, the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process as a way to facilitate effective adaptation planning in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and other developing countries. The four key elements that need to be undertaken in the development of NAPs are: Laying the groundwork and addressin ...
WMO Statement on the status of the global climate in 2015
The year 2015 will stand out in the historical record of the global climate in many ways. Modern records for heat were broken: 2015 was a record warm year both globally and in many individual countries. Heatwaves were extremely intense in various part of the world, leading to thousands of deaths in India and Pakistan. Record extreme precipitation led to flooding that affected tens of thousands of people across South America, West Africa and Europe. Dry conditions in southern Africa and Brazil exacerbated multi-year droughts. The influence of the strong El Niño that developed in the later part ...
Guide to Virtual Private Networks (VPN) via the Internet between GTS centres
After describing various concepts related to Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) and Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), this document presents a potential methodology to introduce a technical solution to the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) and shows why these tools can enhance communication capabilities among World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Members for operational traffic exchanges.
Manual on the Global Telecommunication System : Annex III to the WMO Technical Regulations
A manual intended to facilitate cooperation in meteorological telecommunications between Members; to specify obligations of Members in the implementation of the World Weather Watch Global Telecommunication System; and to ensure uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures employed in achieving these.
Guide to Participation in Radio-frequency Coordination
This Guide provides the general description of the main ITU processes related to radio-frequency coordination, regional structure and regulatory framework that govern the use of the radio-frequency spectrum globally2 and guide the national management of the radiofrequency spectrum as well as management of satellite orbits. More detailed information on which frequencies are important to meteorology and related activities is available in the joint WMO/ITU publication entitled Use of Radio Spectrum for Meteorology: Weather, Water and Climate Monitoring and Prediction
WMO Strategic Plan 2016-2019
This Strategic Plan for 2016–2019 reflects the decisions and directions of the Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress, held in Geneva from 25 May to 12 June 2015. It sets the directions and priorities to guide the activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to enable all Members to improve their information, products and services. It anticipates increased demand for high-quality weather, hydrological and climate services to enhance community resilience, contribute to economic growth and protect life and property from extreme weather, climate and water events.
World Hydrological Cycle Observing System Guidelines
WHYCOS is a global concept, comprising a number of independent regional or basin-wide Hydrological Cycle Observing System (HYCOS) components. At the local level within a country, HYCOS brings together various agencies to work on delivering enhanced data and information products, such as the production and delivery of flood forecasts and warnings. An important complementary activity is the building of closer ties to communities and groups whose primary mandate benefits from access to the enhanced data, products and services, thereby achieving increased positive societal impacts. This contribute ...
Satellites for Climate Services: case studies for establishing an architecture for climate monitoring from space
The report describes case studies that demonstrate the direct or indirect value of Earth observation satellites for climate services.
Seamless prediction of the Earth system : from minutes to months
This book collects together White Papers that have been written to describe the state of the science and to discuss the major challenges for making further advances. The authors of each chapter have attempted to draw together key aspects of the science that was presented at WWOSC-2014. The overarching theme of this book and of WWOSC-2014 is “Seamless Prediction of the Earth System: from minutes to months”. The book is structured with chapters that address topics regarding: Observations and Data Assimilation; Predictability and Processes; Numerical Prediction of the Earth System; Weather-relate ...
WMO Guidelines on Multi-hazard Impact-based Forecast and Warning Services
Improving the understanding of the potential impacts of severe hydrometeorological events poses a challenge to NMHSs and their partner agencies, particularly disaster reduction and civil protection agencies (DRCPAs). These Guidelines establish a road map that identifies the various milestones from weather forecasts and warnings to multi-hazard impact-based forecast and warning services.
For completeness, these Guidelines also describe the ultimate step of forecasting actual impacts, although it is recognized that this is a highly sophisticated exercise, requiring strong collaboration w ...
Valuing Weather and Climate : Economic Assessment of Meteorological and Hydrological Services
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; World Bank the; United States Agency for International Development (USAID); et al. - WMO, 2015 (WMO-No. 1153)The review of all past and current SEB analysis performed for this publication indicates that properly planned investments in hydrometeorological services provide significant benefits relative to their costs. While the publication attempts to capture the currently available wealth of experience and expertise across different contexts, it is not the end point for developing global knowledge on SEB analysis of hydrometeorological studies. Indeed, as we move to implement new global commitments on sustainable development goals, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, interest in kno ...
WMO Capacity Development Strategy and Implementation Plan
The Capacity Development Strategy (CDS), as approved by the Executive Council at its sixty fourth session, manifests the holistic nature of capacity development. On the basis of the criteria laid down by the Sixteenth Congress and the sixty-third and sixty-fourth sessions of the Executive Council, a strategic framework was developed to ensure that a range of relevant considerations was factored in the CDS and, subsequently, the Capacity Development Strategy Implementation Plan (CDSIP). An analysis of how the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) can best help National Meteorological and Hydr ...
Heatwaves and Health : Guidance on Warning-System Development
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; World Health Organization (WHO) - WMO, 2015 (WMO-No. 1142)This Guidance has been developed jointly by WMO and WHO to outline for practitioners in both NMHSs and National Health Services (NHSs) the issues surrounding the general heat–health problem and present how an understanding of the biometeorology, epidemiology, public-health and risk-communication aspects of heat as a hazard can be used to inform the development of an HHWS as part of a wider HHAP. The Guidance places emphasis on the practical aspects of HHWSs at a generic level and is not intended to be prescriptive. The Guidance has been produced to have global applicability. It has drawn on ex ...
Intergovernmental Board on Climate Services, Second session : Abridged final report with resolutions
Conference report - Conference on the Gender Dimensions of Weather and Climate Services
The Conference on the Gender Dimensions of Weather and Climate Services was a landmark international forum addressing how to equally empower women and men to build safer, stronger and more resilient societies through the provision and use of gender-sensitive weather and climate services. The Conference represented the contribution of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and its partners to the review of implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 20 years after its adoption. It also provided recommendations to enrich the development of the post-2015 disaster risk r ...
WMO Statement on the status of the global climate in 2014
The warming trend observed over the past few decades continued in 2014, which WMO has ranked as nominally the warmest year since modern instrumental measurements began in the mid-1800s. Although 2014 broke the record by only a few hundredths of a degree – less than the margin of uncertainty – this result means that 14 of the 15 hottest years on record occurred during the twenty-first century. The evidence for human-induced global warming is therefore increasingly robust.
The Climate in Africa: 2013
In Africa in 2013, the critical weather and climate trends of the last decades continued: it was one of the warmest years on the continent since at least 1950, with temperatures above average in most regions. Precipitation at the continental scale was near average. But several extreme events hit the region. The floods that hit Mozambique in January were among the 10 most severe in the world that year, based on the number of deaths. In contrast, the rains in Namibia and neighboring countries fell well below normal, leading to a severe drought.
Guide to the Implementation of Education and Training Standards in Meteorology and Hydrology, volume I – Meteorology
The purpose of this publication is to facilitate a common understanding of the basic qualifications required of individuals who are to be recognized either as Meteorologists or as Meteorological Technicians, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), while assisting National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in establishing their respective personnel classification systems and training programmes to satisfactorily meet international standards.
Reference Guide for Permanent Representatives of Members with the World Meteorological Organization on Relevant Procedures and Practices of the Organization
This Guide explains the World Meteorological Organization procedures and practices, and is designed to serve as a ready reference for Permanent Representatives of Members with WMO, and for the senior staff of NMHSs, especially those dealing with international affairs.Guide to the Quality Management System for the Provision of Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) - WMO, 2014 (2011 edition updated in 2014; WMO-No. 1001)
National Drought Management Policy Guidelines : a template for action
The implementation of a drought policy based on the philosophy of risk reduction can alter a nation’s approach to drought management by reducing the associated impacts (risk). This was the idea that motivated the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in collaboration with a number of UN agencies, international and regional organizations, and key national agencies, to organize the Highlevel Meeting on National Drought Policy (HMNDP), which ...
Guidelines for Hydrological Data Rescue
These guidelines review the rationale for hydrological data rescue, the benefits to be derived therefrom, appropriate rescue methods, sound data management practices as well as data management systems, procedures for securing rescued data far into the future and for safeguarding data through storage in an international database.
Climate Data Management System Specifications
This publication establishes a framework defining the functionality required within a climate data management system (CDMS). A CDMS is an integrated computer-based system that facilitates the effective archival, management, analysis, delivery and utilization of a wide range of integrated climate data.
Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012)
The Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012) seeks to raise awareness of these and other challenges to collecting and analysing disaster risk information. It presents a worldwide analysis of extreme weather, climate and water events, drawing on the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), compiled by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). The Atlas compares the reported impacts of meteorological, climatic and hydrological extremes (as categorized by CRED) on people and economies at both global and regional levels.
The WMO Strategy for service delivery and its implementation plan
WMO Members recognize the importance of providing high-quality delivery of weather-, climate-, water- and environment- related services. WMO facilitates international coordination, sets standards for meteorological and hydrological products and provides guidance on service delivery. While some great success has been achieved in this regard, Members have agreed that a more uniform and structured approach to service development and delivery is required. As a result, the WMO Strategy for Service Delivery (the Strategy) was approved at the sixteenth session of the World Meteorological Congress (Ma ...
WMO Statement on the status of the global climate in 2013
The dramatic impact of climate variability and climate change continued to be felt all over the world throughout 2013.The WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in 2013 pro¬vides a snapshot of global and regional trends in weather and climate over the past year and highlights some of the year’s most significant extreme events.
Guidelines on the Preparation and Promulgation of the WMO Technical Regulations
The development of these Guidelines was prompted by the need to establish some common understanding, as well as rules and procedures, for those engaged in the preparation and promulgation of regulatory material in WMO. Their purpose therefore is to lay out principles and procedures with a view to improving the quality of the WMO Technical Regulations, Volume I to Volume IV and their annexes (manuals) and guides and ensure their consistency. The Guidelines are addressed to both technical commissions and other bodies drafting regulatory provisions (such as the Executive Council Panel of Experts ...
Guide to Meteorological Observing and Information Distribution Systems for Aviation Weather Services
This Guide presents some of the observing systems currently available to meet the stated operational requirements in aeronautical meteorology and provides guidance on the ones deemed most appropriate under different circumstances. Where applicable, the Guide encourages the adoption of WMO/International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards. An important issue considered is the cost of the provision of observations in relation to the expected measurable benefits to be derived from a particular application.
WMO Sea-Ice Nomenclature : Nomenclature OMM des glaces de mer; Номенклатура вмо по морскому льду; Nomenclatura de la OMM del hielo marino
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO) - WMO, 2014 (WMO-No. 259)This document provides snapshot of the WMO Sea Ice Nomenclature (WMO No. 259, volume 1 – Terminology and Codes, Volume II – Illustrated Glossary and III – International System of Sea-Ice Symbols) by March 2014 (5th Session of JCOMM Expert Team on Sea Ice)
Sự nghiệp khí tƣợng
Cuốn sách này giới thiệu một cách sơ lược về sự nghiệp khí tượng.
Năm 2007, Ủy ban liên chính phủ về biến đổi khí hậu (IPCC), được thành lập bởi Tổ chức Khí tượng thế giới (WMO) và Chương trình liên hợp quốc về môi trường, đã dành giải Nobel hòa bình. Ngày nay, thời tiết và khí hậu đang được đặt nổi bật trong sự phát triển của Mục tiêu phát triển bền vững của liên hợp quốc sau năm 2015 và của Khung hành động Hyogo về giảm rủi ro thiên tai giai đoạn sau 2015.
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