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WIGOS Technical Report, 2018-01. WIGOS, WMO Integrated Global Observing System - Benefits to the Environment and Society from the Availability and Use of AMDAR Data
This report presents an updated summary of AMDAR data usage and the resulting impacts and benefits to meteorological forecasting and the aviation industry. It then provides a presentation of the environmental and climate applications and studies that also benefit from the use of AMDAR data, as a result, bringing benefits to the environment and wider society. These areas of societal benefits include weather, transportation, energy, disaster reduction, health, climate and agriculture.
Challenges in the Transition from Conventional to Automatic Meteorological Observing Networks for Long-term Climate Records
Guidelines for managing changes in climate observation programmes, with a set of recommended practices by which such changes can be managed, have already been published (WMO, 2007). This guidance note will focus on those AWSs likely to form part of long-term climate records. These will normally be owned by NMHSs or associated agencies, or sometimes by third parties (such as aviation, agriculture or road transport agencies) under standards endorsed by the NMHSs. Experience shows that private AWSs can be useful for some climate purposes (such as providing information on individual local-scale ex ...
Guide to the Implementation of Quality Management Systems for National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and Other Relevant Service Providers
The objective of this publication is to provide guidance to WMO Members on how to develop and implement a quality management system (QMS). The Guide details the steps required to obtain certification of compliance with the ISO standard ISO 9001:2015, Quality Management System – Requirements (ISO, 2015c)It also provides the steps for transition from ISO standard ISO 9001:2008 (ISO, 2008) to standard ISO 9001:2015 (ISO, 2015c). It is especially focused on WMO Member National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). However, it could be successfully utilized by other service providers, ...
Guidelines on the Role, Operation and Management of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
These Guidelines are intended to provide a one-stop, consistent and contemporary reference resource from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for managers of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs). They should help with many of the challenges that directors and managers of NMHSs face, including:
– Ensuring that the NMHS is able to meet national needs for meteorological, hydrological and related data and services;
– Responding to newly identified challenges in a rapidly changing world;
– Clarifying and articulating the mandate of the NMHS;
– ...
IOM Report, 126. Quality Assessment using METEO-Cert : The MeteoSwiss Classification Procedure for Automatic Weather Stations
It this report, METEO-Cert and its application is described. The METEO-Cert process assigns qualitative flags to each station and its instruments. Those qualitative flags provide valuable information on the applicability of the measured data and help to identify potential improvement of the station’s exposure.Meteorological Instrument Performance Characteristics
NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory ; The COMET Program ; Millersville University - The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, 2017This advanced lesson explores the performance characteristics of instrumentation used for meteorological measurements. Static performance characteristics are examined in the context of calibration, which offers a means to determine an instrument's response. Dynamic performance characteristics, including first and second order inputs, are discussed using three classic examples: step or impulse, ramp or time varying, and oscillatory inputs. The lesson provides information about the effects of representativeness and regional homogeneity on measurements, and also describes processes for obtaining ...International Cloud Atlas: Manual on the Observation of Clouds and Other Meteors
This Atlas describes the classification system for clouds and meteorological phenomena used by all WMO Members. The classifications also describe meteorological meteors other than clouds – hydrometeors, lithometeors, photometeors, and electrometeors.
The Atlas provides a common language to communicate cloud observations, and ensures consistency in reporting by observers around the world. It serves as a training tool for meteorologists, as well as for those working in aeronautical and maritime environments, and it has become popular with weather enthusiasts and cloud spotters.
WIGOS Technical Report, 2016-01. AMDAR Benefits to the Air Transport Industry
This report describes and documents the benefits that the Air Transport Industry (ATI) gains from increased forecast accuracy achieved through the daily collection of atmospheric data gathered by approximately 4,000 inflight commercial aircraft. The report also outlines the Aircraft Meteorological DAta Relay (AMDAR) observing system, the forecast process and describes the importance that AMDAR data plays in numerical weather prediction (NWP).
Measuring the benefits to the ATI requires first to describe and to quantify the improved weather forecast accuracies due solely to the assimilat ...
WIGOS Technical Report, 2015-01. Impact and benefits of AMDAR temperature, wind and moisture observations in operational weather forecasting
This report reviews the impact of AMDAR observations on operational NWP forecasts at both regional and global scales that support national and local weather forecast offices across the globe.
The WMO AMDAR Observing System : Benefits to airlines and aviation
A 4-page brochure, developed and published by WMO, that briefly explains the benefits of the AMDAR observing system to airlines and the aviation industry.
Всемирная метеорологическая организация Технический отчет, 2014-02. Требования к осуществлению и функционированию программы AMDAR
В настоящем документе представлено руководство для стран-членов ВМО относитель-но требований к созданию и эксплуатации в сотрудничестве с одной или несколькими партнерскими коммерческими авиакомпаниями национальной или региональной систе-мы наблюдений AMDAR. Данный документ был составлен и пересмотрен экспертами в области систем наблюдений стран-членов ВМО, включая членов группы экспертов по системам наблюдений с бортов ВС (ET-ABO) Комиссии по основным системам (КОС) ВМО.
WIGOS Technical Report, 2014-02. Requirements for the Implementation and Operation of an AMDAR Programme
This document provides guidance to WMO Members on the requirements for the establishment and operation of a national or regional AMDAR observing system in collaboration with one or more partner commercial airlines. It has been contributed to and reviewed by observing system experts of WMO Members, including members of the WMO Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) Expert Team on Aircraft-Based Observing Systems (ET-ABO).Introduction to Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
Introduction to Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) provides national meteorological services worldwide, airlines, and aviation organizations with information about the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) aircraft-based observing system. The audience includes meteorological service managers and providers, observational development groups, the aviation industry, and others interested in benefiting from an aircraft-based observing system in their region. The content includes interviews with several experts to provide examples of AMDAR use for both meteorological and aviation applications. Additional details about the systems and requirements for implementing AMDAR are also included.
WIGOS Technical Report, 2014-03. Evaluation of WMO-CBS Wind Profiler Survey : Submitted by Dominique Ruffieux (Switzerland)
A Survey on wind profilers has been conducted by WMO to determine the current status of implementation of operational WPR systems. Several reasons justified the establishment of this survey, including: developing a comprehensive web-based database of WPR network metadata and planning information, assisting in determining the potential for wider international exchange of WPR data, gathering WPR information that might be utilized in determining requirements for access to and protection of radio-frequency spectrum allocation, and identifying and sharing common issues/problems and potential soluti ...
GCOS, 155. WIGOS Pilot Project Meeting on GRUAN Observing Practices and Governance: final report
This report provides a summary of the WIGOS Pilot Project meeting on GRUAN Observing Practices and Governance, held at WMO Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland from 25 to 27 January 2012.
The meeting reviewed the governance structure of GRUAN and agreed to small changes in governance that would: better enable WMO to provide guidance to GRUAN on operational practices and procedures, to assist GRUAN to extend its operations to include a near-real-time operational model of data delivery in the next few years; and in doing so, assist in nurturing additional participation of WMO Members in ...
Workshop on Aircraft Observing System Data Management: final report
The Workshop on Aircraft Observing System Data Management was hosted by the WMO Secretariat, over 5-8 June, 2012, in Geneva, Switzerland. The Workshop was a joint initiative of the WMO AMDAR Panel and the CBS Expert Team on Aircraft-based Observations (ET-AIR). The aims and objectives, which are provided in full within Appendix II, were chiefly concerned with furthering two tasks within the WIGOS Pilot Project for AMDAR, namely the “Development of a standardised Quality Management Framework for AMDAR data”, and, the “Application of WMO Metadata relevant to AMDAR”. The Workshop also covered a n ...
Guide to the Global Observing System
The main purpose of this guide is to provide practical information on the development, organization, implementation and operation of the Global Observing System in order to enhance both the participation of individual Members in the System and the benefits they may obtain from it. The Guide explains and describes Global Observing System practices, procedures and specifications and is aimed at assisting the technical and administrative staff of National Meteorological Services responsible for the networks of observing stations in preparing national instructions for observers.
IOM Report, 101. Guidance on Instrumentation for Calibration Laboratories, including Regional Instrument Centres
Users of meteorological observations have increasing needs for high quality meteorological and hydrological data. The traceability of these data to the International System of Units (SI) standards is needed to ensure their quality and to meet the users’ requirements. Regional Instrument Centres, as well as NMHSs calibration laboratories are essential in ensuring data quality by providing calibration of the standards and traceability to SI. CIMOXIV recognized that RICs needed guidance on how to build calibration laboratories and purchase calibration equipment to strengthen their capabilities. T ...
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