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Met 101: Introduction to the Atmosphere
This lesson provides an overview of Earth’s atmosphere, its vertical structure, the fundamental forces acting on air, and how the atmosphere's composition affects the colors we see in the sky. The lesson also includes information about how Earth receives energy from the Sun as solar and infrared radiation, and the mechanisms for transferring heat around the globe. Learners will be introduced to the components of Earth’s water cycle, and also briefly explore the main types of systems used to observe the atmosphere.
Available online: https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=1287
Published by: The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research ; 2017
This lesson provides an overview of Earth’s atmosphere, its vertical structure, the fundamental forces acting on air, and how the atmosphere's composition affects the colors we see in the sky. The lesson also includes information about how Earth receives energy from the Sun as solar and infrared radiation, and the mechanisms for transferring heat around the globe. Learners will be introduced to the components of Earth’s water cycle, and also briefly explore the main types of systems used to observe the atmosphere.
Disclaimer regarding 3rd party resources: WMO endeavours to ensure, but cannot and does not guarantee the accuracy, accessibility, integrity and timeliness of the information available on its website. WMO may make changes to the content of this website at any time without notice.
The responsibility for opinions expressed in articles, publications, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and their posting on this website does not constitute an endorsement by WMO of the opinion expressed therein.
WMO shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of the use of its website. Please do not misuse our website.Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Standard Copyright)Tags: Oceans ; Weather ; Observations ; Precipitation ; Water cycle ; Runoff ; Evaporation ; Ionosphere ; Stratosphere ; Troposphere ; Mesosphere ; Atmospheric composition ; Convection ; Heat balance ; Lesson/ Tutorial
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EUMeTrain's Synoptic Textbook
This 190-page text, which is based on a series of university lectures, provides comprehensive information on synoptic meteorology. There's a general introduction to synoptics followed by chapters on tropospheric circulation, air masses, boundary layer and weather, wind fields, jet streams, vertical motions, high and low pressure, convective systems, numerical parameters in vertical cross sections, mid-latitude cyclones, the tropopause, and fronts. A number of the examples in the textbook are from Northern Europe. This resource is made available courtesy of EUMeTrain and is not produced, owned ...
Available online: https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=1110
Published by: The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research ; 2014
This 190-page text, which is based on a series of university lectures, provides comprehensive information on synoptic meteorology. There's a general introduction to synoptics followed by chapters on tropospheric circulation, air masses, boundary layer and weather, wind fields, jet streams, vertical motions, high and low pressure, convective systems, numerical parameters in vertical cross sections, mid-latitude cyclones, the tropopause, and fronts. A number of the examples in the textbook are from Northern Europe. This resource is made available courtesy of EUMeTrain and is not produced, owned or hosted by UCAR/COMET.
Disclaimer regarding 3rd party resources: WMO endeavours to ensure, but cannot and does not guarantee the accuracy, accessibility, integrity and timeliness of the information available on its website. WMO may make changes to the content of this website at any time without notice.
The responsibility for opinions expressed in articles, publications, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and their posting on this website does not constitute an endorsement by WMO of the opinion expressed therein.
WMO shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of the use of its website. Please do not misuse our website.Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Standard Copyright)Tags: Weather forecasting ; Fluid dynamics ; Troposphere ; Lesson/ Tutorial ; Satellite Skills and Knowledge for Operational Meteorologists
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Have primary emission reduction measures reduced ozone across Europe?: An analysis of European rural background ozone trends 1996–2005
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 6. Wilson R.C.; Fleming Z.L.; Monks P.S.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011National and European legislation over the past 20 years, and the modernisation or removal of industrial sources, have significantly reduced European ozone precursor emissions. This study quantifies observed and modelled European ozone annual and seasonal linear trends from 158 harmonised rural background monitoring stations over a constant time period of a decade (1996–2005). Mean ozone concentrations are investigated, in addition to the ozone 5th percentiles as a measure of the baseline or background conditions, and the 95th percentiles that are representative of the peak concentration level ...
[article]Have primary emission reduction measures reduced ozone across Europe?: An analysis of European rural background ozone trends 1996–2005
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Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-18433-2011
R.C. Wilson ; Z.L. Fleming ; P.S. Monks ; G. Clain ; S. Henne ; I.B. Konovalov ; S. Szopa ; L. Menut
in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) > Vol. 11. N° 6 [06/30/2011] . - p. 18433-18485National and European legislation over the past 20 years, and the modernisation or removal of industrial sources, have significantly reduced European ozone precursor emissions. This study quantifies observed and modelled European ozone annual and seasonal linear trends from 158 harmonised rural background monitoring stations over a constant time period of a decade (1996–2005). Mean ozone concentrations are investigated, in addition to the ozone 5th percentiles as a measure of the baseline or background conditions, and the 95th percentiles that are representative of the peak concentration levels. This study aims to characterise and quantify surface European ozone concentrations and trends and assess the impact of the changing anthropogenic emission tracers on the observed and modelled trends...
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Ozone ; Troposphere ; Region VI - Europe
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Analysis of number size distributions of tropical free tropospheric aerosol particles observed at Pico Espejo (4765 m a.s.l.), Venezuela
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 7. Schmeissner T.; Krejci R.; Ström J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The first long-term measurements of aerosol number and size distributions in South-American tropical free troposphere (FT) were performed from March 2007 until March 2009. The measurements took place at the high altitude Atmospheric Research Station Alexander von Humboldt. The station is located on top of the Sierra Nevada mountain ridge at 4765 m a.s.l. nearby the city of Mérida, Venezuela. Aerosol size distribution and number concentration data was obtained with a custom-built Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) system and a Condensational Particle Counter (CPC). The analysis of the ...
[article]Analysis of number size distributions of tropical free tropospheric aerosol particles observed at Pico Espejo (4765 m a.s.l.), Venezuela
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Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3319-2011
T. Schmeissner ; R. Krejci ; J. Ström ; W. Birmili ; A. Wiedensohler ; G. Hochschild ; J. Gross ; P. Hoffmann ; S. Calderon
in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) > Vol. 11. N° 7 [04/01/2011] . - p.3319-3332The first long-term measurements of aerosol number and size distributions in South-American tropical free troposphere (FT) were performed from March 2007 until March 2009. The measurements took place at the high altitude Atmospheric Research Station Alexander von Humboldt. The station is located on top of the Sierra Nevada mountain ridge at 4765 m a.s.l. nearby the city of Mérida, Venezuela. Aerosol size distribution and number concentration data was obtained with a custom-built Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) system and a Condensational Particle Counter (CPC). The analysis of the annual and diurnal variability of the tropical FT aerosol focused mainly on possible links to the atmospheric general circulation in the tropics. Considerable annual and diurnal cycles of the particle number concentration were observed. Highest total particle number concentrations were measured during the dry season (January–March, 519 ± 613 cm−3), lowest during the wet season (July–September, 318 ± 194 cm−3). The more humid FT (relative humidity (RH) range 50–95 %) contained generally higher aerosol particle number concentrations (573 ± 768 cm−3 during dry season, 320 ± 195 cm−3 during wet season) than the dry FT (RH < 50 %, 454 ± 332 cm−3 during dry season, 275 ± 172 cm−3 during wet season), indicating the importance of convection for aerosol distributions in the tropical FT. The diurnal cycle in the variability of the particle number concentration was mainly driven by local orography.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Aerosols ; Observations ; Troposphere ; Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
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Transport analysis of ozone enhancement in Southern Ontario during BAQS-Met
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. He H.; Tarasick D.W.; Hocking W.K.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Twice-daily ozonesondes were launched from Harrow, in southwestern Ontario, Canada, during the BAQS-Met (Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study) field campaign in June and July of 2007. A co-located radar windprofiler measured tropopause height continuously. These data, in combination with continuous surface ozone measurements and geo-statistical interpolation of satellite ozone observations, present a consistent picture and indicate that a number of significant ozone enhancements in the troposphere were observed that were the result of stratospheric intrusion events. The combined observatio ...
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Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2569-2011
H. He ; D.W. Tarasick ; W.K. Hocking ; T.K. Carey-Smith ; Y. Rochon ; J. Zhang ; P.A. Makar ; M. Osman ; J. Brook ; M.D. Moran ; D.B.A. Jones ; C. Mihele ; J.C. Wei ; G. Osterman ; P.S. Argall ; J. McConnell ; M.S. Bourqui
in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) > Vol. 11. N° 3 [03/01/2011] . - p.2569-2583Twice-daily ozonesondes were launched from Harrow, in southwestern Ontario, Canada, during the BAQS-Met (Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study) field campaign in June and July of 2007. A co-located radar windprofiler measured tropopause height continuously. These data, in combination with continuous surface ozone measurements and geo-statistical interpolation of satellite ozone observations, present a consistent picture and indicate that a number of significant ozone enhancements in the troposphere were observed that were the result of stratospheric intrusion events. The combined observations have also been compared with results from two Environment Canada numerical models, the operational weather prediction model GEM (as input to FLEXPART), and a new version of the regional air quality model AURAMS, in order to examine the ability of these models to accurately represent sporadic cross-tropopause ozone transport events. The models appear to reproduce intrusion events with some skill, implying that GEM dynamics (which also drive AURAMS) are able to represent such events well. There are important differences in the quantitative comparison, however; in particular, the poor vertical resolution of AURAMS around the tropopause causes it to bring down too much ozone in individual intrusions.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Canada ; Measure ; Observations ; Ozone ; Troposphere
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Impact of deep convection and dehydration on bromine loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Aschmann J.; Sinnhuber B.-M.; Chipperfield M.P.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Stratospheric bromine loading due to very short-lived substances is investigated with a three-dimensional chemical transport model over a period of 21 years using meteorological input data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim reanalysis from 1989 to the end of 2009. Within this framework we analyze the impact of dehydration and deep convection on the amount of stratospheric bromine using an idealized and a detailed full chemistry approach. We model the two most important brominated short-lived substances, bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2), assumin ...
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GAW Report, 199. Tropospheric Ozone Changes : observations, state of understanding and model performances
This report presents an almost complete collection of extended abstracts of the oral and poster presentations of the second workshop on tropospheric ozone changes. For some presentations no extended abstract is included as their content has already been published in peer reviewed literature or manuscripts are under preparation. A summary of this workshop has been submitted as a newsletter article of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGAC, 2011). The original workshop presentations are available from the meeting web site at
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Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2011 (WMO-No. 1073)Scientific evidence and new analyses demonstrate that control of black carbon particles and tropospheric ozone through rapid implementation of proven emission reduction measures would have immediate and multiple benefits for human well-being.Black carbon exists as particles in the atmosphere and is a major component of soot, it has significant human health and climate impacts.
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Intense Rainfalls on August 17, 1968 over the Kiso-Hida and Nagara River Basin in Japan Associated with Intrusion of Middle Tropospheric Dry Airs over the Low-level Moist Belt
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 88. No 4. Ninomiya Kozo - Meteorological Society of Japan, 2010The synoptic-scale condition related to the intense rainfalls on August 17, 1968, over the Kiso?Hida and Nagara River Basin in the central part of Japan is studied by using European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40-year reanalysis data and upper, synoptic-surface, local rain-gauge observation data and satellite cloud images.
The intense rainfalls occurred within a long cloud belt formed with a low-level moist belt (LMB), which had formed along the northwestern rim of the North Pacific subtropical anticyclone (NPSA). The LMB was sustained by large-scale moisture transport alo ...
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Vol. 80, No.4B - September 2002 - Special issue on Stratosphere-Troposphere coupling
is an issue of Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Meteorological Society of Japan, 2002
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Special Environment Report, 17. Changing composition of the troposphere : extended abstracts of papers presented at the WMO Technical Conference on the monitoring and assessment of changing composition of the troposphere
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GORMP, 16. Atmospheric ozone 1985 - volume I : assessment of our understanding of the processes controlling its present distribution and change
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Federal Aviation Administration ; et al. - WMO, 1985Topics addressed include: stratospheric chemistry; tropospheric trace gas (sources, distributions, and trends); tropospheric chemistry (processes, controlling the ozone and hydroxyl radicals); stratosphere-troposphere exchange; dynamic processes; and radiative processes (solar and terrestrial).
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GORMP, 16. Atmospheric ozone 1985 - volume II : assessment of our understanding of the processes controlling its present distribution and change
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Federal Aviation Administration ; et al. - WMO, 1985Topics addressed include: stratospheric chemistry; tropospheric trace gas (sources, distributions, and trends); tropospheric chemistry (processes, controlling the ozone and hydroxyl radicals); stratosphere-troposphere exchange; dynamic processes; and radiative processes (solar and terrestrial).
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