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CAWCR technical report, 42. Global climate goals for temperature, concentrations, emissions and cumulative emissions
Raupach Mickael R.; Harman Ian N.; Canadell Josep G. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2011There are many different ways of quantifying the broad goal of "avoidance of dangerous human interference with the climate system", including targets for global temperature rise, radiative forcing, greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, GHG emissions in particular years, and cumulative GHG emissions ("carbon budgets"). The purpose of this report is to provide relationships between these different statements of a climate goal. Broadly, the approach is to start from target for global temperature increase above preindustrial temperatures (such as two degrees Celsius or any other target, to be met w ...
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Available online: https://www.cawcr.gov.au/technical-reports/CTR_042.pdf
Published by: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research ; 2011
There are many different ways of quantifying the broad goal of "avoidance of dangerous human interference with the climate system", including targets for global temperature rise, radiative forcing, greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, GHG emissions in particular years, and cumulative GHG emissions ("carbon budgets"). The purpose of this report is to provide relationships between these different statements of a climate goal. Broadly, the approach is to start from target for global temperature increase above preindustrial temperatures (such as two degrees Celsius or any other target, to be met with a given probability of success), then determine the radiative forcing and equivalent GHG concentrations consistent with the target, and finally the emissions consistent with the required concentrations. Results are summarised in tabular form (Tables S1, S2 and S3). These tables are also available in a spread sheet, allowing the effects of different temperature targets and probabilities of success to be investigated interactively.
Collection(s) and Series: CAWCR technical report- No. 42
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free), Hard copy (ill., charts)ISBN (or other code): 978-1-921826-62-7
Tags: Climate ; Climate change ; Mathematical models ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) ; Radiative forcing ; Australia
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Extending atmospheric CO2 and tracer capabilities in ACCESS
Corbin Katherine D.; Law Rachel M. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2011 (CAWCR Technical Report-No. 035)The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) is a coupled landocean-atmosphere model being developed for a wide variety of applications. One key area of research with ACCESS is the carbon cycle, in particular atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations resulting from prescribed surface fluxes. ACCESS derives its atmospheric model from the UK Met Office Unified model (UM), which included both a specific atmospheric CO2 tracer (used for climate-carbon feedback studies) as well as other generic atmospheric tracers, developed for stratospheric transpor ...
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Available online: https://www.cawcr.gov.au/publications/
Published by: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research ; 2011
The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) is a coupled landocean-atmosphere model being developed for a wide variety of applications. One key area of research with ACCESS is the carbon cycle, in particular atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations resulting from prescribed surface fluxes. ACCESS derives its atmospheric model from the UK Met Office Unified model (UM), which included both a specific atmospheric CO2 tracer (used for climate-carbon feedback studies) as well as other generic atmospheric tracers, developed for stratospheric transport studies. For our applications, the CO2 and generic tracers within the UM required several modifications. The use of the CO2 tracer was made more flexible, with less assumed coupling with other model components (e.g. radiation). For atmospheric tracers, associated surface fluxes were added for the first twenty tracers, and a methodology to more easily initialize the tracers was implemented. To participate in a model intercomparison, new routines were added to simulate the atmospheric loss of CH4 and methyl chloroform (MCF) without explicitly modelling chemistry, as well as radioactive decay of radon. Investigations of the tracers revealed that the atmospheric mass was not being conserved, and a simple mass mixing ratio fixer has been developed to ensure tracer conservation, taking into account any global mixing ratio change resulting from surface fluxes. The new capabilities in ACCESS are used to investigate the model transport using atmospheric CO2 concentrations, indicating that the inter-hemispheric mixing may be too slow and that the night-time and winter stable boundary layers apparently mix too slowly, particularly using the “sharpest” stable boundary layer parameterization. Analysis of resulting CH4 concentrations for the model inter-comparison, revealed a problem with the transport in the top level of the model, which impacted the atmospheric concentrations throughout the atmosphere. Case studies using various model set-ups indicated that a simple fix is to set the top level equal to the neighbouring lower level; however, further investigation into the mixing at the top of the atmosphere should be conducted to fully diagnose the problem.
Collection(s) and Series: CAWCR Technical Report- No. 035
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free), Hard copy (ill., charts, maps)Tags: Observations ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) ; Atmosphere ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) ; Measure
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Report of the individual review of the annual submission of Iceland submitted in 2011
UNFCCC, 2011This report covers the in-country review of the 2011 annual submission of Iceland, coordinated by the UNFCCC secretariat, in accordance with decision 22/CMP.1. The review took place from 22 to 28 August 2011 in Reykjavik, Iceland, and was conducted by the following team of nominated experts from the UNFCCC roster of experts: generalist – Mr. Riccardo De Lauretis (Italy); energy – Mr. Norbert Nziramasanga (Zimbabwe); industrial processes – Ms. Valentina Idrissova (Kazakhstan); agriculture – Mr. Etienne Mathias (France); land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) – Mr. Sandro Federici (San ...
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Available online: http://sdg.iisd.org/news/unfccc-publishes-iceland%E2%80%99s-ghg-inventory-report [...]
Published by: UNFCCC ; 2011
This report covers the in-country review of the 2011 annual submission of Iceland, coordinated by the UNFCCC secretariat, in accordance with decision 22/CMP.1. The review took place from 22 to 28 August 2011 in Reykjavik, Iceland, and was conducted by the following team of nominated experts from the UNFCCC roster of experts: generalist – Mr. Riccardo De Lauretis (Italy); energy – Mr. Norbert Nziramasanga (Zimbabwe); industrial processes – Ms. Valentina Idrissova (Kazakhstan); agriculture – Mr. Etienne Mathias (France); land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) – Mr. Sandro Federici (San Marino); and waste – Ms. Medea Inashvili (Georgia). Mr. De Lauretis and Mr. Nziramasanga were the lead reviewers. The review was coordinated by Ms. Astrid Olsson and Mr. Roman Payo (UNFCCC secretariat).
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Observational records ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) ; Iceland
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Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2011 (WMO-No. 1073)Scientific evidence and new analyses demonstrate that control of black carbon particles and tropospheric ozone through rapid implementation of proven emission reduction measures would have immediate and multiple benefits for human well-being.Black carbon exists as particles in the atmosphere and is a major component of soot, it has significant human health and climate impacts.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme
Published by: WMO, UNEP ; 2011Scientific evidence and new analyses demonstrate that control of black carbon particles and tropospheric ozone through rapid implementation of proven emission reduction measures would have immediate and multiple benefits for human well-being.Black carbon exists as particles in the atmosphere and is a major component of soot, it has significant human health and climate impacts.
Collection(s) and Series: WMO- No. 1073
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Ozone ; Methane (CH4) ; Troposphere ; Greenhouse gas reducing ; Environment and landscape
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Blue carbon policy framework 2.0 : based on the discussion of the International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group
Development and implementation of blue carbon-based activities now requires strategic policy and incentive mechanisms to achieve coastal conservation, restoration and sustainable use, and provide disincentives to drain or damage coastal systems. A first effort to develop such a strategic program was set out in the first edition of the Blue Carbon Policy Framework. Based on additional information and current progress a revised Blue Carbon Policy Framework 2.0 has now been developed. It updates the previous version and adds a detailed coordinated program of policy objectives and activities. It o ...
Blue carbon policy framework 2.0: based on the discussion of the International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group
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Available online: http://bluecarbonportal.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/Herr-2011.pdf
Dorothée Herr ; Emily Pidgeon ; d'A. Laffoley, D. ; International Union for Conservation of Nature (Gland, Switzerland)
Published by: IUCN ; 2011Development and implementation of blue carbon-based activities now requires strategic policy and incentive mechanisms to achieve coastal conservation, restoration and sustainable use, and provide disincentives to drain or damage coastal systems. A first effort to develop such a strategic program was set out in the first edition of the Blue Carbon Policy Framework. Based on additional information and current progress a revised Blue Carbon Policy Framework 2.0 has now been developed. It updates the previous version and adds a detailed coordinated program of policy objectives and activities. It outlines the activities needed for the integration of blue carbon into existing policy initiatives and the implementation of coastal management activities. The framework, described in this document, also details a timeline and identifies the possible stakeholders to further develop the activities.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Environment and landscape ; Oceans ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) ; Littoral zone ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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How urban societies can adapt to resource shortage and climate change
Satterthwaite D. - The Royal Society, 2011The increased pressures on the world’s natural resources and ecological systems in the past century, has been accompanied by rapid urban population growth. Urban centres themselves have ecological reputations since they drive unsustainable environmental change, rapidly increasing the use of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide emissions due to increasing per capita consumption levels. They also lead to high levels of resource use and waste generation, causing serious ecological consequences locally, regionally and globally, especially in terms of climate change. However, addressing the issue of urb ...
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Carbon Dioxide and Climate : perspectives on a Scientific Assessment
Many of the findings of the Charney Report on CO2 induced climate change (1979) are still valid, despite 30 additional years of climate research and observations. This paper considers the reasons why the report was so prescient, and assesses the progress achieved since its publication. We suggest that emphasis on the importance of physical understanding gained through the use of theory and simple models, both in isolation and as an aid in the interpretation of the results of General Circulation Models, provided much of the authors’ insight at the time. Increased emphasis on these aspects of re ...
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Atmospheric Composition Irreversible Climate Change and Mitigation Policy
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Pierrehumbert Raymond T.; Matthews D.L.; et al. - WMO, 2011The Earth’s atmosphere is changing due to anthropogenic increases of a range of gases and aerosols that influence the planetary energy budget. Policy has long been challenged to ensure that instruments such as the Kyoto Protocol or carbon trading deal with the wide range of lifetimes of these radiative forcing agents. Recent research has sharpened scientific understanding of the differences between various metrics used to compare emissions of different gases; as a result, there has been an improved understanding of how climate system time scales interact with the time scales of the forcing age ...
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Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe 2011 - Tracking progress towards Kyoto and 2020 targets
EEA, 2011This report presents an overview of the progress achieved so far by the EU, its Member States and other EEA member countries towards their respective targets under the Kyoto Protocol and the EU burden-sharing agreement, as well as 2020 targets set at EU level. The assessment is based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data in Europe for the period 2008–2010, including recent EEA estimates of proxy 2010 GHG emissions.
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Kyoto City to Reduce Greenhouse Gases by 40% by Fiscal 2030
JFS, 2011Kyoto City passed a proposed ordinance to completely revise the Kyoto City Global Warming Countermeasure Ordinance on September 29, 2010, and promulgated the new ordinance on October 12. The city aims to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 40 percent compared to 1990 levels by fiscal 2030, and by 25 percent by fiscal 2020.
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GAW Report, 195. WMO/GAW Expert Workshop on Global Long-term Measurements of Nitrogen Oxides and Recommendations for GAW Nitrogen Oxides Network
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Gilge S.; Plass-Duelmer C.; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1570)Nitrogen oxides are a component of a group of reactive gases required to be measured in the GAW Programme. The reactive gases group focuses on gases known to be intimately involved in various aspects of the chemistry of the troposphere and includes surface ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and sulphur dioxide (SO2), as well as oxidized nitrogen species. The sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has traditionally been called NOx. The sum of oxidized nitrogen species with an oxidation number >1, both organic and inorganic, is referred to as ...
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GAW Report, 194. 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxyide, other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques
The 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques took place from 7 to 10 September 2009 at the MaxPlanck-Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany. The meeting reviewed current WMO data quality objectives, covering such topics as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, stable isotopes, radiocarbon in greenhouse gas measurements, calibration, quality control, data management and archiving. The experts also discussed new and emerging technologies, including measurements of greenhouse gases with high-precision spectr ...
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№ 7, ноября 2010 г. - Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2010 г.
BMO, 2011
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京都市、温室効果ガスを2030年度までに1990年度比で40%削減へ
JFS, 2011Le 29 septembre 2010, la ville de Kyoto a adopté un arrêté amendant la totalité des arrêtés concernant les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et l'a promu le 12 octobre. La ville a pour objectif une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 25% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2020 et de 40% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2030
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Ville de Kyoto: vers une réduction de 40% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport à 1990 avant 2030
JFS, 2011Le 29 septembre 2010, la ville de Kyoto a adopté un arrêté amendant la totalité des arrêtés concernant les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et l'a promu le 12 octobre. La ville a pour objectif une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 25% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2020 et de 40% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2030
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1/2010 - Climate change and trade
is an issue of International Trade Forum. International Trade Centre, 2010
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The Observed Low CO2 Concentration in the Rongbuk Valley on the Northern Slope of Mt. Everest
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 5. Zhou Li-Bo; Ma Shu-Po; Li Peng; et al. - Science Press, 2010In the summers of 2006 and 2007, the atmospheric CO2 concentration and the wind speed in the Rongbuk Valley on the northern slope of Mt. Everest were measured by an ultrasonic anemometer with an Li-7500 CO2/H2O gas analyzer. The average CO2 concentration was 370.23±0.59 and 367.45±1.91 ppm in June of 2006 and 2007, respectively. The values are much lower than those at sites with similar latitudes and altitudes worldwide. The observed atmospheric CO2 concentration in Rongbuk Valley can be affected by the transportation of prevailing down-valley winds from the up-valley direction to the observat ...
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Kolmogorov Constants of Atmospheric Turbulence over a Homogeneous Surface
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Cheng Xue-Ling; Wang Bing-Lan; Hu Fei; et al. - Science Press, 2010In this paper, the authors use ultrasonic data over a homogeneous surface to calculate the Kolmogorov constants of velocity, temperature, CO2, and water vapor. The authors find that the constants are all within the range determined by former experiments and that they are universally independent of the stability.
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.6: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2009
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Climate, Carbon and Coral Reefs
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - WMO, 2010 (WMO-No. 1063)This brochure summarizes the CO2 threat to coral reefs, the science supporting projections and the solutions that are needed to prevent the loss of one of the world’s natural wonders.
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№ 6, ноября 2009 г. - Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2010 г.
BMO, 2010
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.5: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Using Global Observations through 2008
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Global climate change impacts in the United States : a state of knowledge report from the U.S. Global Change Research Program
This report summarizes the science of climate change and the impacts of climate change on the United States, now and in the future. It is largely based on results of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), and integrates those results with related research from around the world. This report discusses climate-related impacts for various societal and environmental sectors and regions of the nation. It is an authoritative scientific report written in plain language, with the goal of better informing public and private decision making of better informing public and private decision maki ...
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GAW Report, 188. Revision of the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases Data Submission and Dissemination Guide
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GAW Report, 186. 14th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques
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GAW Report, 184. Technical Report of Global Analysis Method for Major Greenhouse Gases by the World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Mori Kazumasa; Hirahara Takatoshi; et al. - WMO, 2009 (WMO/TD-No. 1473)
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GAW Report, 185. Guidelines for the Measurement of Methane and Nitrous Oxide and their Quality Assurance
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 5: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2008 году
BMO, 2009
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°5: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2008
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N°46 (Vol. 13, No. 3) - July 2008 - Natural modes of variability under anthropogenic climate change
is an issue of Exchanges. International CLIVAR Project Office, 2008
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.4: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Using Global Observations through 2007
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Enhancement of greenhouse gas sinks : a Canadian science assessment
"The Program of Energy Research and Development [PERD] decided to conclude its funding of research into greenhouse-gas sinks at the end of the 2006-07 fiscal year."--Page 10 of 112.
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 4: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2007 г.
BMO, 2008
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°4: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2007
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