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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.7: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2010
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.7: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2010
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Published by: WMO ; 2011
Language(s): English; Other Languages: Arabic, French, Russian, Spanish
Format: Digital (Free), Hard copy (ill., charts)Tags: Observations ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) ; Methane (CH4) ; Nitrous oxide (N2O)
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Extending atmospheric CO2 and tracer capabilities in ACCESS
Corbin Katherine D.; Law Rachel M. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2011 (CAWCR Technical Report-No. 035)The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) is a coupled landocean-atmosphere model being developed for a wide variety of applications. One key area of research with ACCESS is the carbon cycle, in particular atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations resulting from prescribed surface fluxes. ACCESS derives its atmospheric model from the UK Met Office Unified model (UM), which included both a specific atmospheric CO2 tracer (used for climate-carbon feedback studies) as well as other generic atmospheric tracers, developed for stratospheric transpor ...
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Available online: https://www.cawcr.gov.au/publications/
Published by: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research ; 2011
The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) is a coupled landocean-atmosphere model being developed for a wide variety of applications. One key area of research with ACCESS is the carbon cycle, in particular atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations resulting from prescribed surface fluxes. ACCESS derives its atmospheric model from the UK Met Office Unified model (UM), which included both a specific atmospheric CO2 tracer (used for climate-carbon feedback studies) as well as other generic atmospheric tracers, developed for stratospheric transport studies. For our applications, the CO2 and generic tracers within the UM required several modifications. The use of the CO2 tracer was made more flexible, with less assumed coupling with other model components (e.g. radiation). For atmospheric tracers, associated surface fluxes were added for the first twenty tracers, and a methodology to more easily initialize the tracers was implemented. To participate in a model intercomparison, new routines were added to simulate the atmospheric loss of CH4 and methyl chloroform (MCF) without explicitly modelling chemistry, as well as radioactive decay of radon. Investigations of the tracers revealed that the atmospheric mass was not being conserved, and a simple mass mixing ratio fixer has been developed to ensure tracer conservation, taking into account any global mixing ratio change resulting from surface fluxes. The new capabilities in ACCESS are used to investigate the model transport using atmospheric CO2 concentrations, indicating that the inter-hemispheric mixing may be too slow and that the night-time and winter stable boundary layers apparently mix too slowly, particularly using the “sharpest” stable boundary layer parameterization. Analysis of resulting CH4 concentrations for the model inter-comparison, revealed a problem with the transport in the top level of the model, which impacted the atmospheric concentrations throughout the atmosphere. Case studies using various model set-ups indicated that a simple fix is to set the top level equal to the neighbouring lower level; however, further investigation into the mixing at the top of the atmosphere should be conducted to fully diagnose the problem.
Collection(s) and Series: CAWCR Technical Report- No. 035
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free), Hard copy (ill., charts, maps)Tags: Observations ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) ; Atmosphere ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) ; Measure
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Blue carbon policy framework 2.0 : based on the discussion of the International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group
Development and implementation of blue carbon-based activities now requires strategic policy and incentive mechanisms to achieve coastal conservation, restoration and sustainable use, and provide disincentives to drain or damage coastal systems. A first effort to develop such a strategic program was set out in the first edition of the Blue Carbon Policy Framework. Based on additional information and current progress a revised Blue Carbon Policy Framework 2.0 has now been developed. It updates the previous version and adds a detailed coordinated program of policy objectives and activities. It o ...
Blue carbon policy framework 2.0: based on the discussion of the International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group
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Available online: http://bluecarbonportal.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/Herr-2011.pdf
Dorothée Herr ; Emily Pidgeon ; d'A. Laffoley, D. ; International Union for Conservation of Nature (Gland, Switzerland)
Published by: IUCN ; 2011Development and implementation of blue carbon-based activities now requires strategic policy and incentive mechanisms to achieve coastal conservation, restoration and sustainable use, and provide disincentives to drain or damage coastal systems. A first effort to develop such a strategic program was set out in the first edition of the Blue Carbon Policy Framework. Based on additional information and current progress a revised Blue Carbon Policy Framework 2.0 has now been developed. It updates the previous version and adds a detailed coordinated program of policy objectives and activities. It outlines the activities needed for the integration of blue carbon into existing policy initiatives and the implementation of coastal management activities. The framework, described in this document, also details a timeline and identifies the possible stakeholders to further develop the activities.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Environment and landscape ; Oceans ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) ; Littoral zone ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction
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Carbon Dioxide and Climate : perspectives on a Scientific Assessment
Many of the findings of the Charney Report on CO2 induced climate change (1979) are still valid, despite 30 additional years of climate research and observations. This paper considers the reasons why the report was so prescient, and assesses the progress achieved since its publication. We suggest that emphasis on the importance of physical understanding gained through the use of theory and simple models, both in isolation and as an aid in the interpretation of the results of General Circulation Models, provided much of the authors’ insight at the time. Increased emphasis on these aspects of re ...
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Bjorn Stevens ; Isaac Held ; John Mitchell ; Jean-Louis Dufresne ; Kerry Emanuel ; Pierre Friedlingstein ; Stephen Griffies ; Catherine Senior
Published by: WMO ; 2011Many of the findings of the Charney Report on CO2 induced climate change (1979) are still valid, despite 30 additional years of climate research and observations. This paper considers the reasons why the report was so prescient, and assesses the progress achieved since its publication. We suggest that emphasis on the importance of physical understanding gained through the use of theory and simple models, both in isolation and as an aid in the interpretation of the results of General Circulation Models, provided much of the authors’ insight at the time. Increased emphasis on these aspects of research is likely to continue to be productive in the future, and even to constitute one of the most efficient routes towards improved climate change assessments.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Climate ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) ; Atmospheric circulation ; General circulation model [of the atmosphere] (GCM)
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Atmospheric Composition Irreversible Climate Change and Mitigation Policy
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Pierrehumbert Raymond T.; Matthews D.L.; et al. - WMO, 2011The Earth’s atmosphere is changing due to anthropogenic increases of a range of gases and aerosols that influence the planetary energy budget. Policy has long been challenged to ensure that instruments such as the Kyoto Protocol or carbon trading deal with the wide range of lifetimes of these radiative forcing agents. Recent research has sharpened scientific understanding of the differences between various metrics used to compare emissions of different gases; as a result, there has been an improved understanding of how climate system time scales interact with the time scales of the forcing age ...
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Raymond T. Pierrehumbert ; D.L. Matthews ; John S. Daniel
Published by: WMO ; 2011The Earth’s atmosphere is changing due to anthropogenic increases of a range of gases and aerosols that influence the planetary energy budget. Policy has long been challenged to ensure that instruments such as the Kyoto Protocol or carbon trading deal with the wide range of lifetimes of these radiative forcing agents. Recent research has sharpened scientific understanding of the differences between various metrics used to compare emissions of different gases; as a result, there has been an improved understanding of how climate system time scales interact with the time scales of the forcing agents themselves. This has led to consideration of new metrics such as cumulative carbon, and recognition that short-lived forcing agents can ‘trim the peak’ of coming climate change, while long-lived agents, especially carbon dioxide, will be responsible for at least a millennium of elevated temperatures and altered climate, even if emissions were to cease. We suggest that these vastly differing characteristics imply that a single basket for trading among forcing agents is incompatible with current scientific understanding.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Climate ; Climate change ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) ; Climate change - Mitigation ; Climate policies
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№ 7, ноября 2010 г. - Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2010 г.
BMO, 2011
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1/2010 - Climate change and trade
is an issue of International Trade Forum. International Trade Centre, 2010
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The Observed Low CO2 Concentration in the Rongbuk Valley on the Northern Slope of Mt. Everest
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 5. Zhou Li-Bo; Ma Shu-Po; Li Peng; et al. - Science Press, 2010In the summers of 2006 and 2007, the atmospheric CO2 concentration and the wind speed in the Rongbuk Valley on the northern slope of Mt. Everest were measured by an ultrasonic anemometer with an Li-7500 CO2/H2O gas analyzer. The average CO2 concentration was 370.23±0.59 and 367.45±1.91 ppm in June of 2006 and 2007, respectively. The values are much lower than those at sites with similar latitudes and altitudes worldwide. The observed atmospheric CO2 concentration in Rongbuk Valley can be affected by the transportation of prevailing down-valley winds from the up-valley direction to the observat ...
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Kolmogorov Constants of Atmospheric Turbulence over a Homogeneous Surface
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Cheng Xue-Ling; Wang Bing-Lan; Hu Fei; et al. - Science Press, 2010In this paper, the authors use ultrasonic data over a homogeneous surface to calculate the Kolmogorov constants of velocity, temperature, CO2, and water vapor. The authors find that the constants are all within the range determined by former experiments and that they are universally independent of the stability.
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.6: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2009
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