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干旱指标与指数手册
本手册旨在涵盖适用于干旱易发区域最常用的干旱指标/指数，目的是促进监 测、早期预警和信息提供系统，以支持基于风险的干旱管理政策和备灾计划。 这些概念和指标/指数将在下文进行介绍，它是一份动态文件，随着新指标和指 数出现及在未来的适用性加以更新及整合。本手册面向那些希望制作其自身指 标和指数的机构以及针对那些只愿意获取和使用为其它地区所制作的产品的机 构。本手册适用于一般干旱从业人员使用（例如，气象/水文部门、资源管理者 及其它各级决策者），并旨在作为一个起点，表明哪个指标/指数可用，并在全 球投入实际使用。此外，本手册的制定考虑到了干旱风险管理过程。然而，本 出版物并非旨在推荐一套“最佳”指标和指数。对指标/指数的选择是根据与利益 攸关方关注的影响最密切关联的干旱具体特点。
Manual de indicadores e índices de sequía
La finalidad del presente manual es tratar algunos de los indicadores e índices de sequía de uso más habitual en las regiones más propensas a las sequías, con el objeto de impulsar sistemas de vigilancia, de alerta temprana y de suministro de información que respalden los planes de preparación y las políticas de gestión de la sequía basados en riesgos. Estos conceptos e indicadores o índices se describen a grandes rasgos a continuación, en lo que se considera un documento dinámico que evolucionará e incorporará nuevos indicadores e índices a medida que estos salgan a la luz y se apliquen en el ...
National Drought Management Policy Guidelines : a template for action
The implementation of a drought policy based on the philosophy of risk reduction can alter a nation’s approach to drought management by reducing the associated impacts (risk). This was the idea that motivated the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in collaboration with a number of UN agencies, international and regional organizations, and key national agencies, to organize the Highlevel Meeting on National Drought Policy (HMNDP), which ...
AGM, 12. Towards a compendium on national drought policy : proceedings of an expert meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; George Mason University ; Environmental Science and Technology Center (ESTC); et al. - WMO, 2011Droughts produce a large number of socio-economic impacts which may arise from the interaction between natural conditions and human factors. There is growing evidence that the frequency and extent of drought has increased as a result of global warming. Some information on the current droughts in 2011 around the world in the Horn of Africa, China, Texas in the US, and England and Wales is presented. The context of current droughts calls for pro-active future actions to cope with droughts. National governments must adopt policies that engender cooperation and coordination at all levels ...
Agricultural Meteorology Programme (AgMP). Climate Change: Impacts on Global Agriculture
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP) - WMO, 2011At the simplest level, weather is what is happening to the atmosphere at any given time. Climate is a measure of what to expect in any month, season or year, and is arrived at using statistics built up from observations over many years. All aspects of the Earth’s climate – the wind, rain, clouds and temperature – are the result of energy transfers and transformations within the atmosphere, at the Earth’s surface and in the oceans.
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AGM, 11. Agricultural drought indices : proceedings of an expert meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Motha Raymond P.; Wilhite Donald A.; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1572)The Murcia Expert Meeting is based on the outcomes of the Regional Workshop on Indices and Early Warning Systems for Drought which was held at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in December, 2009. At the Lincoln workshop, drought experts examined what indices are used for meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought and developed the Lincoln Declaration on Drought Indices. There was a consensus agreement that the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) should be used to characterize meteorological droughts by all NMHSs around the world. Several other of the recommendations formt eh Lin ...
Abstracts - International Workshop on Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers: Weather and Climate Services
The International Workshop on Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers: Weather and Climate Services is taking place at a time when there is a growing concern about livelihoods of over 500 million smallholder farmers around the world coupled with the increasing climate variability and future climate change. The world population is projected to grow from 6.5 billion today to 8.3 billion in 2030 and nearly 9.2 billion in 2050. All of that growth will be concentrated in developing countries. Global food production will therefore need to increase by more than 50% by 2030, and should nearly doub ...
Climate, Carbon and Coral Reefs
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - WMO, 2010 (WMO-No. 1063)This brochure summarizes the CO2 threat to coral reefs, the science supporting projections and the solutions that are needed to prevent the loss of one of the world’s natural wonders.
AGM, 10. Management of Natural and Environmental Resources for Sustainable Agricultural Development : Proceedings of a Workshop held from February 13-16, 2006, in Portland, Oregon
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Pasteris P.; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); et al. - WMO, 2008 (WMO/TD-No. 1428)Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing awareness of the potential damages that climate change, air and water pollution and inadequate natural resources management could induce upon human health, natural ecosystems and the economy. To address these concerns, considerable emphasis has been placed on sustainable development by many countries and international organizations. Accordingly, sustainable agricultural development has become a major issue of the 21 st century.
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Agricultural Meteorology Programme (AgMP), 102. Use Of Seasonal Forecasts And Climate Prediction In Operational Agriculture
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Kanga A.; Magrin Graciela O.; et al. - WMO, 2007 (WMO/TD-No. 1344)The Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) at its 12 th Session held in Accra, Ghana, 18-26 February 1999, established the Working Group on the Use of Seasonal Forecasts Climate Prediction in Operational Agriculture. The Terms of Reference of the Working Group are:
a) In liaison with the CLIPS project, review and summarise the current advances in seasonal forecasts and climate prediction and the products and services relevant to agriculture that are becoming available based on the forecasts
b) To survey and summarise, using appropriate case studies, the current applicat ...
Climate Change and Desertification
At continental, regional, and ocean basin scales, numerous long-term changes in climate have been observed. These include changes in Arctic temperatures and ice, widespread changes in precipitation amounts, ocean salinity, wind patterns and aspects of extreme weather including droughts, heavy precipitation, heat waves and the intensity of tropical cyclones. More intense and longer droughts have been observed over wider areas since the 1970s, particularly in the tropics and subtropics.
Cambio climático y desertificación
A nivel continental, regional y en las cuencas oceánicas se han observado numerosos cambios del clima a largo plazo y, en particular, cambios en la temperatura y el hielo de la región ártica, cambios generalizados en el volumen de las precipitaciones, la salinidad de los océanos, la configuración de los vientos y en aspectos de fenómenos meteorológicos extremos como sequías, fuertes precipitaciones y olas de calor, así como en la intensidad de los ciclones tropicales. Desde el decenio de 1970 se han observado sequías más intensas y más largas en zonas más extensas, especialmente en las regiones ...
CAgM Report, 102. Use Of Seasonal Forecasts And Climate Prediction In Operational Agriculture
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Kanga A.; Magrin Graciela O.; et al. - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1344)Report of the Joint Rapporteurs on the Impact of Agrometeorological Advisories and Information on Operational Aspects of Forestry Planning, with Emphasis on Wildland Fire Ecology, Including the Use of Prescribed Fire in Rangelands and Forests Preventing and Combating Wildfires in Forests and Rangelands.
CAgM Report, 101. Impacts of Desertification and Drought and Other Extreme Meteorological Events
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Gringof I.G.; Mersha E.; et al. - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1343)Report of the Joint Rapporteurs on the Impact of Agrometeorological Advisories and Information on Operational Aspects of Forestry Planning, with Emphasis on Wildland Fire Ecology, Including the Use of Prescribed Fire in Rangelands and Forests Preventing and Combating Wildfires in Forests and Rangelands.
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