Topics
WMO Programmes > Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme (AREP)
Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme (AREP) |


![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 207. Recommendations for a Composite Surface-Based Aerosol Network
Suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere, commonly known as aerosol by the technical and scientific community, plays a role in climate change, air quality/human health, ozone depletion and the long-range transport and deposition of toxics and nutrients. Aerosols have many sources ranging from sea spray and mineral dust that are mechanically generated by wind at the Earth’s surface to sulphates, nitrates and organics produced primarily by chemical reaction of gases in the atmosphere producing non-volatile products that condense to form particles. In addition, semi-volatile substances such ...
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; U. Baltensperger
Event: European Network of Networks (ENAN) Workshop (28-29 April 2009; Emmetten, Switzerland)
Published by: WMO ; 2012Suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere, commonly known as aerosol by the technical and scientific community, plays a role in climate change, air quality/human health, ozone depletion and the long-range transport and deposition of toxics and nutrients. Aerosols have many sources ranging from sea spray and mineral dust that are mechanically generated by wind at the Earth’s surface to sulphates, nitrates and organics produced primarily by chemical reaction of gases in the atmosphere producing non-volatile products that condense to form particles. In addition, semi-volatile substances such as certain herbicides and pesticides can simply condense on existing particles. Aerosols range in size from molecular clusters a few nm in diameter to dust and sea salt, which can be as large as tens of micrometers. The dynamics of aerosol production, transformation and removal that govern size distribution and composition are affected not only by clear air processes but also by interaction with clouds and precipitation. The complexity of aerosol processes in our environment is so great that it leads to large uncertainties in our quantitative understanding of their role in many of the major environmental issues listed above. This report is based on a workshop on a European Network of Networks (ENAN) in Emmetten, Switzerland on 28-29 April, 2009. It was a joint initiative of the Global Earth Observation and Monitoring (GEOmon) project of the European Community’s Sixth Research Framework Programme (FP6) and the Scientific Advisory Group for Aerosols of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 207
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Aerosols ; Air pollution ; Information management ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
Add tag
No review, please log in to add yours !
![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 206. 16th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2011)
16th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2011)
![]()
Published by: WMO ; 2012
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 206
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Air pollution ; Urban zone ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
Add tag
No review, please log in to add yours !
![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 204. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Air Sampling in Stainless Steel Canisters for Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Analysis
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Weiß Elisabeth; World Calibration Centre for Volatile Organic Compounds (WCC-VOCs); et al. - WMO, 2012This document gives guidance for sampling of atmospheric volatile non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in whole air using electro-polished stainless steel canisters in the WMO GAW network. The described procedures are appropriate for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds with two to six carbon atoms (C2 to C6). NMHCs with more than six carbon atoms tend to be adsorbed on the canister surfaces and may only be partially recovered. The procedures are valid for analyzing volatile alkane, alkyl and isoprene mole fractions in continental background air with mole fractio ...
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Air Sampling in Stainless Steel Canisters for Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Analysis
![]()
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Elisabeth Weiß ; World Calibration Centre for Volatile Organic Compounds ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Published by: WMO ; 2012This document gives guidance for sampling of atmospheric volatile non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in whole air using electro-polished stainless steel canisters in the WMO GAW network. The described procedures are appropriate for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds with two to six carbon atoms (C2 to C6). NMHCs with more than six carbon atoms tend to be adsorbed on the canister surfaces and may only be partially recovered. The procedures are valid for analyzing volatile alkane, alkyl and isoprene mole fractions in continental background air with mole fractions at pmol/mol levels as well as for ambient air in and around urban areas in the range of µmol/mol. With caution, also mole fractions of alkenes and aromatics may be reported but at µmol/mol level only. These compounds tend to form artefacts in stainless steel canisters. Thus air sample storage time is recommended to be as short as possible before analysis. Hence, under conditions of normal usage for sampling ambient air, most NMHCs can be recovered from canisters near their original concentrations after storage times of up to thirty days (US-EPA, 1999). According to monitoring requirements, the sampling time may vary from seconds to several hours. From the canister samples the target compounds are then typically analysed by gas chromatography using flame ionisation detection and/or mass spectroscopy.
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 204
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Air pollution ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
Add tag
No review, please log in to add yours !
![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 205. WMO/IGAC Impacts of Megacities on Air Pollution and Climate
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project (IGAC) - WMO, 2012The World Meteorological Organization and the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project have released a study of how megacities affect the climate and pollute the atmosphere. The report concludes that rapid urbanization will pose serious health risks to city dwellers unless stronger efforts are made to reduce pollution.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project
Published by: WMO ; 2012The World Meteorological Organization and the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project have released a study of how megacities affect the climate and pollute the atmosphere. The report concludes that rapid urbanization will pose serious health risks to city dwellers unless stronger efforts are made to reduce pollution.
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 205
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free), Hard copyTags: Climate ; Air pollution ; Urban zone ; Human health ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
Add tag
No review, please log in to add yours !
![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 203. The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Maritime Organization (IMO); Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); et al. - WMO, 2012The atmospheric input of chemicals to the ocean is closely related to a number of important global change issues. The increasing input of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen species to much of the ocean may cause a low level fertilization of the ocean that could result in an increase in marine 'new' productivity of up to ~3% and thus impact carbon drawdown from the atmosphere. However, the increase in nitrogen inputs are also likely to increase the formation of nitrous oxide in the ocean. The increased emission of this powerful greenhouse gas will partially offset the climate forcing impact res ...
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Maritime Organization ; Food and Agriculture Organization (Rome, Italia) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission ; International Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna, Austria) ; United Nations ; United Nations Environment Programme ; United Nations Development Programme
Published by: WMO ; 2012The atmospheric input of chemicals to the ocean is closely related to a number of important global change issues. The increasing input of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen species to much of the ocean may cause a low level fertilization of the ocean that could result in an increase in marine 'new' productivity of up to ~3% and thus impact carbon drawdown from the atmosphere. However, the increase in nitrogen inputs are also likely to increase the formation of nitrous oxide in the ocean. The increased emission of this powerful greenhouse gas will partially offset the climate forcing impact resulting from the increase in carbon dioxide drawdown produced by N fertilization. Similarly, much of the oceanic iron, which is a limiting nutrient in many areas of the ocean, originates from the atmospheric input of minerals as a result of the long-range transport of mineral dust from continental regions. The increased supply of soluble phosphorus from atmospheric anthropogenic sources (through large-scale use in fertilizers) may also have a significant impact on surface-ocean biogeochemistry, but estimates are highly uncertain. While it is possible that the inputs of sulphur and nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere can add to the rates of ocean acidification occurring due to rising levels of carbon dioxide, there is too little information on these processes to assess the potential impact. These inputs may be particularly critical in heavily trafficked shipping lanes and in ocean regions proximate to highly industrialized land areas. Other atmospheric substances may also have an impact on the ocean, in particular lead, cadmium, and POPs. GESAMP initiated Working Group 38, The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean, to address these issues.
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 203
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free), Hard copyTags: Oceans ; Atmospheric chemistry ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW) ; GESAMP 84
Add tag
No review, please log in to add yours !
![]()
![]()
![]()
WWRP/THORPEX, 16. International core steering committee for THORPEX - Ninth session : final report
The ninth session of the CAS International Core Steering Committee (ICSC) for THORPEX was held at the World Meteorological Organization Geneva from the 21-22 September 2011. The ICSC proceeded with the work assigned by the CAS, the WMO Executive Council and the World Meteorological Congress. This included reviews of the progress in planning and further development of THORPEX on the global and regional level, financial and administrative matters related to THORPEX management, the International Programme Office (IPO) and the Trust Fund. All documents and presentations considered and discussed at ...
Permalink![]()
![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 198. Data Quality Objectives (DQO) for Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Measurements - Part I: Scanning Spectral and Broadband Instruments. Addendum to WMO/GAW Report No. 146 - Quality Assurance in Monitoring Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, state of the Art
Permalink![]()
![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 202. Workshop on Modelling and Observing the Impacts of Dust Transport/Deposition on Marine Productivity
In this report we evaluate the state-of-art knowledge and uncertainties regarding the deposition of dust on the ocean and its mineralogical composition provided by models and measurement datasets. Global climate models were recently intercompared by Huneeus et al. (2011) using results from the AEROCOM model intercomparison. The deposition calculations from these global models are frequently used as input for biological productivity calculations. A model measurement comparison (Huneeus, 2011) shows that global models do reproduce the observed data over several orders of magnitude. However, the ...
Permalink![]()
![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 200. WMO/GAW Standard Operating Procedures for In-situ Measurements of Aerosol Mass Concentration, Light Scattering and Light Absorption
Permalink![]()
![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 199. Tropospheric Ozone Changes : observations, state of understanding and model performances
This report presents an almost complete collection of extended abstracts of the oral and poster presentations of the second workshop on tropospheric ozone changes. For some presentations no extended abstract is included as their content has already been published in peer reviewed literature or manuscripts are under preparation. A summary of this workshop has been submitted as a newsletter article of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGAC, 2011). The original workshop presentations are available from the meeting web site at
Permalink![]()
![]()
![]()
GAW Report, 197. Addendum for the Period 2012-2015 to the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Strategic Plan 2008-2015
The GAW Strategic Plan serves to guide the development of the Programme during an eight year period. The present ‘WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Strategic Plan: 2008-2015’, published as GAW Report No. 172, specified implementation tasks for the period 2008-2011 [WMO, 2007c]. The purpose of this document, the ‘Addendum to the GAW Strategic Plan: 2008-2015’, is to guide the work of all GAW contributors for the period 2012-2015. The general strategy for the development of the Programme, the long-term objectives, the implementation principles, and the various goals spelled out in sub-chapters o ...
Permalink![]()
![]()
![]()
GORMP, 53. Report of the Eighth Meeting of the Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
WMO, 2011
PermalinkPermalink![]()
![]()
![]()
CAS/JSC WGNE Report, 27. 27th session of the CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE-27)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; et al. - WMO, 2011
Permalink![]()
![]()
![]()
CAS/JSC WGNE Report, 26. 26th session of the CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE-26)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Jakob Christian; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2011
Permalink