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Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme (AREP) |


Published by: WMO ; 2013
Language(s): English; Other Languages: French, Spanish
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Aerosols ; Observations ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
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GAW Report, 207. Recommendations for a Composite Surface-Based Aerosol Network
Suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere, commonly known as aerosol by the technical and scientific community, plays a role in climate change, air quality/human health, ozone depletion and the long-range transport and deposition of toxics and nutrients. Aerosols have many sources ranging from sea spray and mineral dust that are mechanically generated by wind at the Earth’s surface to sulphates, nitrates and organics produced primarily by chemical reaction of gases in the atmosphere producing non-volatile products that condense to form particles. In addition, semi-volatile substances such ...
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; U. Baltensperger
Event: European Network of Networks (ENAN) Workshop (28-29 April 2009; Emmetten, Switzerland)
Published by: WMO ; 2012Suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere, commonly known as aerosol by the technical and scientific community, plays a role in climate change, air quality/human health, ozone depletion and the long-range transport and deposition of toxics and nutrients. Aerosols have many sources ranging from sea spray and mineral dust that are mechanically generated by wind at the Earth’s surface to sulphates, nitrates and organics produced primarily by chemical reaction of gases in the atmosphere producing non-volatile products that condense to form particles. In addition, semi-volatile substances such as certain herbicides and pesticides can simply condense on existing particles. Aerosols range in size from molecular clusters a few nm in diameter to dust and sea salt, which can be as large as tens of micrometers. The dynamics of aerosol production, transformation and removal that govern size distribution and composition are affected not only by clear air processes but also by interaction with clouds and precipitation. The complexity of aerosol processes in our environment is so great that it leads to large uncertainties in our quantitative understanding of their role in many of the major environmental issues listed above. This report is based on a workshop on a European Network of Networks (ENAN) in Emmetten, Switzerland on 28-29 April, 2009. It was a joint initiative of the Global Earth Observation and Monitoring (GEOmon) project of the European Community’s Sixth Research Framework Programme (FP6) and the Scientific Advisory Group for Aerosols of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 207
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Aerosols ; Air pollution ; Information management ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
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GAW Report, 206. 16th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2011)
16th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2011)
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Published by: WMO ; 2012
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 206
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Air pollution ; Urban zone ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
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GAW Report, 204. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Air Sampling in Stainless Steel Canisters for Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Analysis
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Weiß Elisabeth; World Calibration Centre for Volatile Organic Compounds (WCC-VOCs); et al. - WMO, 2012This document gives guidance for sampling of atmospheric volatile non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in whole air using electro-polished stainless steel canisters in the WMO GAW network. The described procedures are appropriate for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds with two to six carbon atoms (C2 to C6). NMHCs with more than six carbon atoms tend to be adsorbed on the canister surfaces and may only be partially recovered. The procedures are valid for analyzing volatile alkane, alkyl and isoprene mole fractions in continental background air with mole fractio ...
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Air Sampling in Stainless Steel Canisters for Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Analysis
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World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Elisabeth Weiß ; World Calibration Centre for Volatile Organic Compounds ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Published by: WMO ; 2012This document gives guidance for sampling of atmospheric volatile non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in whole air using electro-polished stainless steel canisters in the WMO GAW network. The described procedures are appropriate for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds with two to six carbon atoms (C2 to C6). NMHCs with more than six carbon atoms tend to be adsorbed on the canister surfaces and may only be partially recovered. The procedures are valid for analyzing volatile alkane, alkyl and isoprene mole fractions in continental background air with mole fractions at pmol/mol levels as well as for ambient air in and around urban areas in the range of µmol/mol. With caution, also mole fractions of alkenes and aromatics may be reported but at µmol/mol level only. These compounds tend to form artefacts in stainless steel canisters. Thus air sample storage time is recommended to be as short as possible before analysis. Hence, under conditions of normal usage for sampling ambient air, most NMHCs can be recovered from canisters near their original concentrations after storage times of up to thirty days (US-EPA, 1999). According to monitoring requirements, the sampling time may vary from seconds to several hours. From the canister samples the target compounds are then typically analysed by gas chromatography using flame ionisation detection and/or mass spectroscopy.
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 204
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Air pollution ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
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GAW Report, 205. WMO/IGAC Impacts of Megacities on Air Pollution and Climate
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project (IGAC) - WMO, 2012The World Meteorological Organization and the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project have released a study of how megacities affect the climate and pollute the atmosphere. The report concludes that rapid urbanization will pose serious health risks to city dwellers unless stronger efforts are made to reduce pollution.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project
Published by: WMO ; 2012The World Meteorological Organization and the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project have released a study of how megacities affect the climate and pollute the atmosphere. The report concludes that rapid urbanization will pose serious health risks to city dwellers unless stronger efforts are made to reduce pollution.
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 205
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free), Hard copyTags: Climate ; Air pollution ; Urban zone ; Human health ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
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GAW Report, 203. The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Maritime Organization (IMO); Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); et al. - WMO, 2012The atmospheric input of chemicals to the ocean is closely related to a number of important global change issues. The increasing input of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen species to much of the ocean may cause a low level fertilization of the ocean that could result in an increase in marine 'new' productivity of up to ~3% and thus impact carbon drawdown from the atmosphere. However, the increase in nitrogen inputs are also likely to increase the formation of nitrous oxide in the ocean. The increased emission of this powerful greenhouse gas will partially offset the climate forcing impact res ...
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WWRP/THORPEX, 16. International core steering committee for THORPEX - Ninth session : final report
The ninth session of the CAS International Core Steering Committee (ICSC) for THORPEX was held at the World Meteorological Organization Geneva from the 21-22 September 2011. The ICSC proceeded with the work assigned by the CAS, the WMO Executive Council and the World Meteorological Congress. This included reviews of the progress in planning and further development of THORPEX on the global and regional level, financial and administrative matters related to THORPEX management, the International Programme Office (IPO) and the Trust Fund. All documents and presentations considered and discussed at ...
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GAW Report, 198. Data Quality Objectives (DQO) for Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Measurements - Part I: Scanning Spectral and Broadband Instruments. Addendum to WMO/GAW Report No. 146 - Quality Assurance in Monitoring Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, state of the Art
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GAW Report, 202. Workshop on Modelling and Observing the Impacts of Dust Transport/Deposition on Marine Productivity
In this report we evaluate the state-of-art knowledge and uncertainties regarding the deposition of dust on the ocean and its mineralogical composition provided by models and measurement datasets. Global climate models were recently intercompared by Huneeus et al. (2011) using results from the AEROCOM model intercomparison. The deposition calculations from these global models are frequently used as input for biological productivity calculations. A model measurement comparison (Huneeus, 2011) shows that global models do reproduce the observed data over several orders of magnitude. However, the ...
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GAW Report, 200. WMO/GAW Standard Operating Procedures for In-situ Measurements of Aerosol Mass Concentration, Light Scattering and Light Absorption
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GAW Report, 199. Tropospheric Ozone Changes : observations, state of understanding and model performances
This report presents an almost complete collection of extended abstracts of the oral and poster presentations of the second workshop on tropospheric ozone changes. For some presentations no extended abstract is included as their content has already been published in peer reviewed literature or manuscripts are under preparation. A summary of this workshop has been submitted as a newsletter article of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGAC, 2011). The original workshop presentations are available from the meeting web site at
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GAW Report, 197. Addendum for the Period 2012-2015 to the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Strategic Plan 2008-2015
The GAW Strategic Plan serves to guide the development of the Programme during an eight year period. The present ‘WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Strategic Plan: 2008-2015’, published as GAW Report No. 172, specified implementation tasks for the period 2008-2011 [WMO, 2007c]. The purpose of this document, the ‘Addendum to the GAW Strategic Plan: 2008-2015’, is to guide the work of all GAW contributors for the period 2012-2015. The general strategy for the development of the Programme, the long-term objectives, the implementation principles, and the various goals spelled out in sub-chapters o ...
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GORMP, 53. Report of the Eighth Meeting of the Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
WMO, 2011
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CAS/JSC WGNE Report, 27. 27th session of the CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE-27)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; et al. - WMO, 2011
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CAS/JSC WGNE Report, 26. 26th session of the CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE-26)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Jakob Christian; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2011
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GAW Report, 195. WMO/GAW Expert Workshop on Global Long-term Measurements of Nitrogen Oxides and Recommendations for GAW Nitrogen Oxides Network
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Gilge S.; Plass-Duelmer C.; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1570)Nitrogen oxides are a component of a group of reactive gases required to be measured in the GAW Programme. The reactive gases group focuses on gases known to be intimately involved in various aspects of the chemistry of the troposphere and includes surface ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and sulphur dioxide (SO2), as well as oxidized nitrogen species. The sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has traditionally been called NOx. The sum of oxidized nitrogen species with an oxidation number >1, both organic and inorganic, is referred to as ...
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GAW Report, 194. 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxyide, other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques
The 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques took place from 7 to 10 September 2009 at the MaxPlanck-Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany. The meeting reviewed current WMO data quality objectives, covering such topics as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, stable isotopes, radiocarbon in greenhouse gas measurements, calibration, quality control, data management and archiving. The experts also discussed new and emerging technologies, including measurements of greenhouse gases with high-precision spectr ...
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GAW Report, 189. Report of the MACC/GAW Session on the Near-Real-Time Delivery of the GAW Observations of Reactive Gases
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Penkett Stuart; Schultz M.; et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1527)
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CAS/JSC WGNE Report, 25. Report of the twenty-fifth session of the CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council for Science (ICSU); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1524)
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Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) - Fifteenth session : Abridged final report with resolutions and recommendations
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GAW Report, 191. Instruments to Measure Solar Ultraviolet Radiation : part 4: Array Spectroradiometers
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Bais A.; Bernhard G.; et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1538)This paper is part four of a series of documents dedicated to instruments for the measurement of solar ultraviolet radiation. The series of documents has been drawn up by the WMO Scientific Advisory Group on UV Monitoring and the UV Instrumentation Subgroup. The aim of the series is to define instrument specifications and guidelines for instrument characterization that are needed for reliable UV measurements.
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GAW Report, 190. Instruments to Measure Solar Ultraviolet Radiation : Part 3: Multi-channel filter instruments
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GAW Report, 192. Guidelines for the Measurement of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide
The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) aims at providing reliable long-term observations of the chemical composition and physical properties of the atmosphere that are relevant for understanding atmospheric chemistry and climate change. Reactive gases are one of the foci of the GAW programme. This group includes carbon monoxide (CO), which is present only in trace quantities in the atmosphere but plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Compatibility of data from different observational platforms and sites is of crucial importance fo ...
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GAW Report, 188. Revision of the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases Data Submission and Dissemination Guide
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GAW Report, 186. 14th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques
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GAW Report, 184. Technical Report of Global Analysis Method for Major Greenhouse Gases by the World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Mori Kazumasa; Hirahara Takatoshi; et al. - WMO, 2009 (WMO/TD-No. 1473)
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GAW Report, 183. Operations Handbook - Ozone Observations with a Dobson Spectrophotometer: revised 2008
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GAW Report, 179. Intercomparison of Global UV Index from Multiband Radiometers: harmonization of Global UVI and Spectral Irradianceا
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CAS/JSC WGNE Report, 24. Report of the twenty fourth session of the CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council for Science (ICSU); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2009 (WMO/TD-No. 1486)
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GAW Report, 187. Joint report of COST Action 728 and GURME - Review of the capabilities of meteorological and chemistry-transport Models for describing and predicting air pollution episodes
This report forms the first deliverable of Working Group 3 of the COST Action 728 on “Enhancing Mesoscale Meteorological Modelling Capabilities for Air Pollution and Dispersion
Applications”. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the current capabilities and applications of mesoscale modelling systems for describing and predicting air quality and related meteorological conditions. The applications are discussed from the perspective of meteorology, which is in line with the main aim of the COST 728 Action.
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GAW Report, 185. Guidelines for the Measurement of Methane and Nitrous Oxide and their Quality Assurance
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GAW Report, 182. IGACO-Ozone and UV Radiation Implementation Plan
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Mälkki A.; Staehelin Johannes; et al. - WMO, 2009 (WMO/TD-No. 1465)
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Vol. 57 (1) - January 2008 - Observing our planet for a better future
Observing our planet for a better future was the theme for World Meteorological Day 2008. The feature articles in this issue consider the importance of maintaining and enhancing observations of weather, climate and water to ensure the well-being of future generations from a number of angles.
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GORMP, 51. Report of the Seventh Meeting of the Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
WMO, 2008
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GAW Report, 181. Joint Report of COST Action 728 and GURME - Overview of Tools and Methods for Meteorological and Air Pollution Mesoscale Model Evaluation and User Training
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GAW Report, 180. Towards a Better Knowledge of Umkehr Measurements: a Detailed Study of Data from Thirteen Dobson Intercomparisons
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GAW Report, 177. Joint Report of COST Action 728 and GURME - Overview of Existing Integrated (off-line and on-line) Mesoscale Meteorological and Chemical Transport Modelling Systems in Europe
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GAW Report, 176. The Tenth Biennial WMO Consultation on Brewer Ozone and UV Spectrophotometer Operation, Calibration and Data Reporting
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GAW Report, 175. The Ninth Biennial WMO Consultation on Brewer Ozone and UV Spectrophotometer Operation, Calibration and Data Reporting
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GAW Report, 173. Report of the CAS Joint Scientific Steering Committee on the Open Area Programme Group on Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry (JSSC OPAG-EPAC)
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GAW Report, 164. Instruments to measure solar ultraviolet radiation - Part 2, Broadband Instruments Measuring Erythemally Weighted Solar Irradiance
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CAS/JSC WGNE Report, 23. Report of the twenty third session of the CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation (WGNE)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council for Science (ICSU); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2008 (WMO/TD-No. 1429)
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