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Instrumentation and Measurement of Wind
This lesson summarizes the science and techniques used to measure atmospheric wind. It presents an overview of the main sensor types for wind, including mechanical, electronic, and drifting-position sensors as well as sensors relying on impact pressure and sensors utilizing timing or Doppler shifts. The advantages and limitations of the sensor types and information about uncertainty and errors are reviewed with a focus on understanding which sensors might be best for particular applications. The lesson concludes with wind measurement applications including turbulence profiles, turbulence flux ...
Instrumentation and Measurement of Atmospheric Temperature
This lesson offers a comprehensive overview of temperature measurement as related to the atmosphere, bodies of water, soils, and other parts of Earth’s surface. The lesson begins by defining temperature and why it is an important property to characterize. It provides details about the properties and characteristics of sensors used for temperature measurements and the advantages and disadvantages of different sensors depending on the application. Lastly, the lesson outlines the methods used for measuring different types of temperature, from soil to the free atmosphere.
Met 101: Basic Weather Processes
This lesson provides an overview of basic weather processes, beginning with how the distribution of incoming solar energy helps to establish Earth’s atmospheric circulations. Learners will gain an understanding of the differences between weather and climate, and how Earth’s winds tend to have dominant patterns determined by region. An introduction to atmospheric stability, clouds, precipitation processes, and thunderstorm characteristics is also included, along with an introduction to weather impacts affecting aviation operations.
Guidelines for Nowcasting Techniques
The purpose of the WMO nowcasting guidelines presented here is to help National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) by providing them with information and knowledge on how to implement a nowcasting system with the resources available to them and an understanding of the current state of science and technology.
Handbook on Use of Radio Spectrum for Meteorology : Weather, Water and Climate Monitoring and Prediction
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - WMO, 2017 (WMO-No. 1197)The Handbook provides comprehensive technical and operational information on current observation applications and systems and on the use of radio frequencies by meteorological systems, including meteorological satellites, radiosondes, weather radars, wind profiler radars and spaceborne remote sensing instruments. It is intended for the meteorological (i.e. weather, water and climate) and radiocommunication communities, including governmental institutions, industry as well as the general public.
Manual - Utilización del espectro radioeléctrico en meteorología : observación y predicción del clima, de los fenómenos meteorológicos y de los recursos hídricos
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (ITU) - OMM, 2017 (OMM-No. 1197)El Manual contiene información técnica y operacional completa sobre las actuales aplicaciones y sistemas de observación y sobre la utilización de frecuencias radioeléctricas por sistemas meteorológicos, incluidos satélites meteorológicos, radiosondas, radares meteorológicos, radares de perfil del viento y sistemas de teledetección a bordo de vehículos espaciales. Está destinado a las comunidades meteorológica (es decir, la que estudia los fenómenos meteorológicos, los recursos hídricos y el clima) y de radiocomunicaciones, incluidas las instituciones gubernamentales, la industria y el público ...
Manuel Utilisation du spectre radioélectrique pour la météorologie : surveillance et prévisions concernant le climat, le temps et l’eau
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Union internationale des télécommunications (ITU) - OMM, 2017 (OMM-No. 1197)Ce Manuel donne des informations techniques et opérationnelles complètes sur les systèmes et applications actuels d'observation et sur l'utilisation des fréquences radioélectriques par les systèmes météorologiques: satellites météorologiques, radiosondes, radars météorologiques, radars profileurs de vent, instruments de télédétection spatiale, etc. Il s'adresse à tous les membres intéressés des communautés de la météorologie (temps, eau et climat) et des radiocommunications, y compris les institutions publiques et le secteur privé, et au grand public.
Справочник Использование радиочастотного спектра в метеорологии : прогнозирование и мониторинг погоды, климата и качества воды
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO); Международный союз электросвязи (ITU) - BMO, 2017 (BMO-No. 1197)В справочнике содержится обширная техническая и оперативная информация о существующих приложениях и системах наблюдения и об использовании радиочастот метеорологическими системами, включающими метеорологические спутники, радиозонды, метеорологические радары, радары для профилирования ветра, а также приборы спутникового дистанционного зондирования. Он предназначен для метеорологического сообщества (т. e. погода, вода и климат) и сообщества электросвязи, включая государственные учреждения, отрасль и широкую общественность.
气象用无线电频谱手册 : 天气、水、气候监测和预测
该手册提供了现有观测应用和系统以及气象系统所使用无线电频率方面的详尽记述和操作信
息，包括气象卫星、无线电探空仪、天气雷达、风廓线雷达和空基遥感仪器等。本书适用于气象 （即天气、水和气候）和无线电通信界人士（包括政府机构、业界和普通大众）。
دليل استعمال الطيف الراديوي في الأرصاد الجوية: المراقبة والتنبؤ فيما يتعلق بالطقس والماء والمناخ
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2017 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1197)ويقدم هذا الدليل معلومات تقنية وتشغيلية شاملة بشأن تطبيقات الرصد الحالية ونظمها، واستعمال نظم الأرصاد الجوية للترددات الراديوية، بما فيها سواتل الأرصاد الج وية والمسابير الراديوية ورادارات الطقس ورادارات تصوير الريح وأجهزة الاستشعار عن ب عد المحمولة في الفضاء. وهو موجه للمتخصصين في الأرصاد الجوية )الطقس والماء والمناخ، على سبيل المثال( وفي هيئات الاتصالات الراديوية، بما فيها المؤسسات الحكومية، وقطاع الصناعة وعامة الجمهور
Introduction to Meteorological Charting
This lesson provides a brief overview of surface and upper-air data and how these data are plotted on meteorological charts. The content introduces various charting and reporting techniques, including station models, contour analyses, streamlines, and upper air maps. Examples cover both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and provide learners with opportunities to practice recognizing frequently used weather symbols. Supplemental materials include three Weather Symbol Identification drills. Completing these drills may require approximately 1-1.5 hours above the length of time estim ...
Enroute Icing
Aircraft icing has resulted in numerous accidents, some fatal. The problem is due, in part, to a lack of awareness on the part of aviation forecasters (and others) that icing is imminent. The lesson addresses this issue by presenting a process for forecasting enroute icing for aviation and applying it to a case over the Continental U.S. The process involves gaining situational awareness of potential icing areas and making a first forecast of their locations and flight levels; comparing the first forecast to NWP forecasts; and adjusting as needed. To reach a wide audience and stay current, the ...
Tephigram Mastery
Since the advent of rawinsonde observations, thermodynamic diagrams have been used by meteorologists to analyze sounding data in the course of preparing their weather forecasts. This module comprehensively examines the use of the tephigram, widely used for over 60 years by meteorologists in the United Kingdom, Canada, and other countries throughout the world particularly in Europe and Africa. It explores thermodynamic properties, convective parameters, stability assessment, and several forecast applications. The module is designed for both instruction and reference. It also comes with an inter ...
Preparing to Evaluate NWP Models
This lesson prepares the forecaster to evaluate NWP analyses and forecasts using physically based conceptual models of the atmosphere, and the "Vertical Phenomenon Analysis Funnel". This funnel divides the atmosphere into three sections: lower stratosphere and tropopause, mid-to-upper troposphere, and lower troposphere. We discuss tools to use and atmospheric features to assess for each section of the atmosphere, using interactive case examples, and summarize the methodology with a comprehensive example. Finally, we compare model capabilities and the time and space scales of assessment tools u ...
IOM Report, 107. WMO Intercomparison of High Quality Radiosonde Systems
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Oakley T.; Vömel Holger; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1580)The present report includes a detailed analysis of the QRS intercomparisons, a specific analysis of the SSI group, and draws conclusions and recommendations that are key information for the manufacturers, the NMHS as well as the scientific and climate community. Results show that unprecedented performances have been achieved with QRS while the expected performances to be reached with respect to the GRUAN specifications still require more research. This work is an essential contribution to the WMO Integrated Global Observing Systems (WIGOS) to improve services to society by increasing the data ...
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