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Le climat en Afrique en 2013
Les grandes tendances météorologiques et climatiques observées ces dernières décennies en Afrique se sont maintenues: 2013 a été l’une des années les plus chaudes depuis 1950 au moins, les températures s’établissant au-dessus de la moyenne dans la plupart des sous-régions. Les précipitations ont été proches des normales à l’échelle du continent, malgré plusieurs phénomènes extrêmes. Le Mozambique a subi en janvier l’une des dix inondations les plus meurtrières survenues dans le monde cette année-là. À l’inverse, la Namibie et les pays voisins ont souffert d’une grave sécheresse due à un net dé ...
Prévoir l'évolution du système terrestre de la minute au mois
La publication rassemble des «livres blancs» qui présentent l’état d’avancement de la météorologie et les grands défis à relever pour progresser encore. Dans chaque chapitre, les auteurs ont cherché à récapituler des éléments fondamentaux présentés à la Conférence. Le thème directeur de l’ouvrage comme de la Conférence est le «continuum de prévision du système terrestre de quelques minutes à plusieurs mois». La publication s’organise en chapitres portant notamment sur les observations et l’assimilation des données, la prévisibilité et les différents processus, la prévision numérique du système ...
La predicción sin discontinuidad del sistema tierra : de minutos a meses
El presente libro reúne documentos informativos elaborados para describir la situación actual de la ciencia y debatir los principales desafíos para seguir avanzando. Los autores de cada capítulo han tratado de recopilar los aspectos científicos clave presentados en la primera Conferencia científica abierta sobre meteorología mundial. El tema principal del presente libro y la Conferencia es “La predicción sin discontinuidad del sistema Tierra: de minutos a meses”. El libro está estructurado en varios capítulos que abordan temas relacionados con las observaciones y la asimilación de datos, la pr ...
El clima en África: 2013
En África, las críticas tendencias meteorológicas y climatológicas imperantes durante los últimos decenios continuaron en 2013, que fue uno de los años más cálidos en el continente desde al menos 1950 y en el que se registraron temperaturas superiores a la media en la mayoría de las regiones. A escala continental, se registraron precipitaciones cercanas a la media. No obstante, varios fenómenos extremos afectaron a la región. Las crecidas que asolaron Mozambique en enero estuvieron entre las 10 más graves del año en el mundo por el número de muertes, mientras que en Namibia y los países vecino ...
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Потенциальное влияние на климат Китайского проекта по регулированию расхода воды на плотине «Три ущелья»
Бюллетень, Том 62. BMO, 2014Китайский проект «Три ущелья» (далее – Проект) вызы- вает высокую озабоченность как в Китае, так и за рубе- жом. Люди обсуждают аргументы за и против строи- тельства такой крупномасштабной плотины и спорят относительно ее возможного влияния на местную окружающую среду. С того момента, когда плотина «Три ущелья» начала поднимать уровень воды, стали часто появляться сообщения об экстремальных явле- ниях в этом районе, включая засухи и паводки.
Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012)
The Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012) seeks to raise awareness of these and other challenges to collecting and analysing disaster risk information. It presents a worldwide analysis of extreme weather, climate and water events, drawing on the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), compiled by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). The Atlas compares the reported impacts of meteorological, climatic and hydrological extremes (as categorized by CRED) on people and economies at both global and regional levels.
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Resilience to extreme weather
The Royal Society, 2014This document investigates how we can reduce the impact of extreme weather today while preparing ourselves for future changes, and what we can do to build our resilience. The authors explore these and other key questions to help inform important decisions about adaptation and risk reduction that are being made at global, national and local levels.
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Explaining extreme events of 2013 from a climate perspective : Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 95, No. 9, September 2014
AMS, 2014
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Drought in Jalna: community-based adaptation to extreme climate events in Maharashtra
This booklet is based on outcomes from a two-year Indo-Norwegian research and capacity development project titled, ‘Extreme Risks, Vulnerabilities and Community-Based Adaptation in India (EVA)’. The findings draw upon empirical data from rural communities in Jalna District in the dryland region of Marathwada of Maharashtra.
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¿Es posible ahora culpar al calentamiento global de la meteorología extrema?
Siempre que un episodio meteorológico extremo —ola de calor, crecida, sequía, etc.— aparece en los titulares de algún medio de comunicación, alguien en algún lugar señala con dedo acusador al cambio climático provocado por el ser humano.
全球气候 2001-2010年 - 气候极端事件十年 决策者摘要
从十年的视角出发，有可能评估各种趋 势并预见未来。这一视角还能够为开发业务 气候服务的努力提供参考依据，而通过气候 服务可为农业、卫生、灾害风险、水资源和 其它部门的决策过程提供信息和预报。目前 正在通过WMO牵头的全球气候服务框架协 调这方面的努力。
WCDMP, 80. Assessment of the observed extreme conditions during late boreal winter 2011/2012
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA); Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) - WMO, 2013Congress during its sixteenth session in 2011 welcomed the decision of the Commission for Climatology during its fifteenth session in 2010 for improving WMO Climate System Monitoring including related methodologies and dissemination of monitoring reports for timely information on extreme weather and climate events occurring on large scale and having high socioeconomic impacts. A brochure called "Assessment of the observed extreme conditions during the 2009/2010 boreal winter" was published by WMO in 2010 and is now followed by this supplement to the WMO annual statement on the status of the g ...
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Climate-Related Disasters in Asia and the Pacific
ADB, 2013Natural disasters are on the rise worldwide. There are more and more intense natural disasters—which are defined to cause at least 100 deaths or to affect the basic survival needs of at least 1,000 people—resulting from floods and storms as well as droughts and heat waves. The Asia and the Pacific region has experienced some of the most damaging disasters in recent decades, with alarming consequences for human welfare. At the same time, the climate in the region has been changing. Temperatures have been higher, on average, and also more variable and more extreme. Rainfall has also been more va ...
The Global Climate 2001-2010: a decade of climate extremes
This publication covers the first decade of the 21st century and aims at providing a decadal perspective of climate variability and change and its observed impacts on different sectors.
The Global Climate 2001-2010: a decade of climate extremes - Summary Report
A decadal perspective makes it possible to assess trends and anticipate the future. it can also inform efforts to develop operational climate services that provide information and forecasts for decision-making in agriculture, health, disaster risk, water resources and other sectors.
Le climat dans le monde 2001-2010 : une décennie d'extrêmes climatiques
La présente publication, qui couvre la première décennie du XXIe siècle, vise à présenter une perspective décennale de la variabilité du climat et des changements climatiques, ainsi que des conséquences observées dans différents secteurs.
Глобальный климат 2001–2010 годы: Десятилетие экстремальных климатических явлений - Краткий доклад
Десятилетняя перспектива дает возможность для оценки тенденций и прогнозирования будущего. Она может также являться основой для усилий, направленных на разработку опе- ративного климатического обслуживания, которое обеспечивает информацию и прог- нозы для принятия решений в таких секто- рах, как сельское хозяйство, здравоохранение, уменьшение опасности бедствий, водные ре- сурсы, а также в других секторах. Эти усилия координируются через Глобальную рамочную основу для климатического обслуживания, действующую под руководством ВМО.
El estado del clima mundial 2001-2010: un decenio de fenómenos climáticos extremos - informe resumido
Una perspectiva decenal permite evaluar las tendencias y anticipar el futuro. Asimismo puede informar de las iniciativas que se prevé poner en marcha para desarrollar servicios climáticos operativos que proporcionen información y previsiones para la adopción de decisiones en las esferas de la agricultura, la salud, los riesgos de desastre, los recursos hídricos y otros sectores. Esas iniciativas se coordinarán a través del Marco Mundial para los Servicios Climáticos, dirigido por la OMM.
المناخ العالمي 2001 – 2010 : عقد من الظواهر المناخية المتطرفة- تقرير تلخيصي
ويمكّن المنظور العقدي من تقييم الاتجاهات وتوقع ما سيحدث في المستقبل. كما أنه يوجه الجهود لإعداد خدمات مناخية تطبيقية يمكن أن تقدم معلومات وتنبؤات لاتخاذ القرارات في قطاعات الزراعة والصحة ومخاطر الكوارث وموارد المياه وغيرها من القطاعات. ويجري حالياً تنسيق هذه الجهود من خلال الإطار العالمي للخدمات المناخية الذي تقوده المنظمة.
Le climat dans le monde 2001-2010: une décennie d'extrêmes climatiques - rapport de synthèse
Cette perspective sur dix ans nous permet d’évaluer les tendances et d’anticiper l’avenir. Elle peut également étayer les mesures qui seront prises pour mettre au point des services climatologiques opérationnels capables de fournir des informations et des prévisions utiles aux décideurs dans les domaines notamment de l’agriculture, de la santé, de la prévention des catastrophes et des ressources en eau. Ces mesures sont coordonnées par l’intermédiaire du Cadre mondial pour les services climatologiques, dont l’OMM est le fer de lance.
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Is is now possible to blame extreme weather on global warming?
Whenever an episode of extreme weather – heatwave, flood, drought, etc. – hits the headlines, someone somewhere is sure to point the finger of blame at human-induced climate change.
Volume 93, Issue 7 - July 2012 - Weather extremes of 2011 in climate perspective
is an issue of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. AMS, 2012
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Extreme weather events and crop price spikes in a changing climate: illustrative global simulation scenarios
Willenbockel D. - Oxfam, 2012Agriculture is highly sensitive to climate variability and weather extremes. Various impact studies have considered the effects of projected long-run trends in temperature, precipitation and carbon dioxide concentrations caused by climate change on global food production and prices. However, according to this study, an area that remains underexplored is the food price impacts that may result from an expected increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. The study uses a global dynamic multi-region computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to explore the potential food pri ...
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Learning Lessons: ADB’s Response to Natural Disasters and Disaster Risks
ADB, 2012Natural disasters triggered by extreme hazards have increased sharply worldwide since the 1980s, as measured in lives lost, displaced people, and financial cost. Asia and the Pacific have borne the brunt of the physical and economic damage. This brief highlights lessons and recommendations from an independent evaluation report that assessed ADB support for disaster prevention and recovery programs during 1995–2011. The evaluation finds that disaster recovery projects have been much more successful than ADB-supported projects overall. Nonetheless, it also finds that most ADB country programs ha ...
Knowledge Centre on Cities and Climate Change
This Knowledge Centre on Cities and Climate Change (in short: K4C) helps you to keep track of what is happening in the field of cities and climate change, by serving as a platform for sharing experiences and best practices, as well as facilitating exchange of innovative initiatives.
K4C provides you with access to hundreds of publications and reports and a world map provides you with an overview of cities, countries and regions for which good practice examples and documents are available. Moreover, through K4C you can get in touch directly with institutions and communities that are prom ...
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Climate Change and Price Volatility: Can We Count on the ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve?
ADB, 2012On 12 July 2012, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Plus Three intergovernmental agreement establishing the ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve (APTERR) entered into force. In this paper, lead author Roehlano Briones, a senior research fellow at the Philippine Institute for Development Studies, assesses the effectiveness of APTERR as a mechanism for addressing food security in light of the rising challenges of climate change and price volatility. Using Riceflow, a model of the global rice economy, he studies the possible impacts of APTERR releases on the rice market by simu ...
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Green Accounting and Data Improvement for Water Resources
Winpenny James; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - UNESCO, 2012 (UNESCO Side publications series-No. 02)Water makes a critical contribution to all aspects of personal welfare and economic life. However, global water resources are coming under increasing pressure. It is widely recognized that over the next few decades global drivers such as climate change, population growth and improving living standards will increase pressure on the availability, quality and distribution of water resources. Managing the impacts of these drivers to maximize social and economic welfare will require intelligent policy and management responses at all levels of collection, production and distribution of water. The go ...
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The connection between climate change and recent extreme weather events
What do we know about the connection between climate change and recent extreme weather events, such as the heat waves, drought, and fires? This fact sheet summarizes scientists' statements that climate change has already primed the pump for extreme weather events.
Explaining extreme events of 2011 from a climate perspective
Peterson Thomas C.; Stott Peter A.; Herring Stephanie; et al. - U.S. Government printing office, 2012This report focuses on a way to foster the growth of explaining the causes of specific extreme disaster events in near-real time. It provides an assessment on causes of historical changes in temperature and precipitation extremes worldwide to provide a long-term perspective for the events discussed in 2011. It encourages the development of an objective criteria for defining extreme weather and climate events ahead of time, and applying predetermined methodologies to minimize risk. This report should help develop the means of communicating assessments of the extent to which natural and anthropo ...
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Municipal ICT Capacity and its Impact on the Climate-Change Affected Urban Poor: the case of Mozambique
World Bank, 2012
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Safer Communities Through Disaster Risk Reduction (SC-DRR) in Development
The issue of climate change is set to increase the frequency of extreme weather events. Countries, therefore, are required to undertake adaptive measures to ameliorate the impact of such events; Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is an important element of such measures. This report, published by the United Nations Development Program and the Government of Indonesia, presents findings from the final evaluation of the Safer Communities through Disaster Risk Reduction (SC-DRR) project. The project aimed to improve safety in Indonesia by considering the ways in which DRR can be integrated into the cou ...
Managing climate extremes and disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean: lessons from the IPCC SREX reports
This summary highlights the key findings of the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) report including an assessment of the science and the implications of this for society and sustainable development. It includes material directly taken from the SREX report, where the underlying source is clearly referenced, but it also presents synthesis messages that are the views of the authors of this summary and not necessarily those of the IPCC. It is intended to illuminate the SREX report’s vital findings for decision maker ...
Managing climate extremes and disasters in Asia: lessons from the IPCC SREX reports
This summary highlights the key findings of the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) report from
an Asian perspective, including an assessment of the science and the implications of this for society and sustainable development. It includes material directly taken from the SREX report, where the underlying source is clearly referenced, but it also presents synthesis messages that are the views of the authors of this summary and not necessarily those of the IPCC. It is intended to illuminate the SREX report’ ...
Managing climate extremes and disasters in Africa: lessons from the IPCC SREX reports
This summary highlights the key findings of the IPCC Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX) report from an African perspective, including an assessment of the science and the implications of this for society and sustainable development. It includes material directly taken from the SREX report, where the underlying source is clearly referenced, but it also presents synthesis messages that are the views of the authors of this summary and not necessarily those of the IPCC. It is intended to illuminate the SREX report’s vita ...
CAWCR technical report, 37. Large-scale indicators of Australian East Coast lows and associated extreme weather events
Extra-tropical cyclones that develop near the east coast of Australia often have severe consequences such as flash flooding and damaging winds and seas, as well as beneficial consequences such as being responsible for heavy rainfall events that contribute significantly to total rainfall and runoff. There is subjective evidence that the development of most major events, commonly known as East Coast Lows, is associated with the movement of a high amplitude upper-tropospheric trough system over eastern Australia. This report examines a number of large-scale diagnostic quantities in the upper trop ...
Assessement of selected global models in short range forecasting over West Africa: case study of Senegal
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; ANAMS ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - WMO, 2011Severe weather events in West Africa are associated mainly with meso-scale thunderstorms and squall lines. Forecasting such severe weather to reduce the risk of hazards is one of the challenges faced by many met services. However, the recent progress in the area of numerical weather prediction has enabled some countries to forecast these events in a better way.
Due to lack of capacity, many of the West African countries were not able to use numerical weather prediction systems effectively in their day to day forecasting activities. The CPC/African Desk has been playing big role in buil ...
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White Paper | Science and Impacts Program. Extreme Weather and Climate Change : understanding the Link, Managing the Risk
Typically, climate change is described in terms of average changes in temperature or precipitation, but most of the social and economic costs associated with climate change will result from shifts in the frequency and severity of extreme events.[1] This fact is illustrated by a large number of costly weather disasters in 2010, which tied 2005 as the warmest year globally since 1880.[2] Incidentally, both years were noted for exceptionally damaging weather events, such as Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the deadly Russian heat wave in 2010. Other remarkable events of 2010 include Pakistan’s bigge ...
Challenges in Estimating and Understanding Recent Changes in the Frequency and Intensity of Extreme Climate and Weather Events
This paper briefly reviews some aspects of the current status of research on changes in climate extremes, identifying gaps and issues that warrant additional work. This paper focuses primarily on the historical instrumental record, giving a sense of the nature of the results that have been obtained, challenges that arise from observational, methodological and climate modelling uncertainties and discussing the extent to which detection and attribution research has been able to link observed changes to external forcing of the climate system. It also very briefly discusses projections for the 21s ...
Attribution of Weather and Climate-Related Extreme Events
Unusual or extreme weather and climate-related events are of great public concern and interest, yet there are often conflicting messages from scientists about whether such events can be linked to climate change. There is clear evidence that climate has changed as a result of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, and that across the globe some aspects of extremes have changed as a result. But this does not imply that the probability of occurrence (or, given a fixed damage, risk) of a specific type of recently observed weather or climate event has changed significantly as a result of human in ...
Weather extremes in a changing climate : hindsight on foresight
Devastating climate and weather-related events recorded in recent years have captured public interest. This brochure provides a sample of extreme events for the past decade (2001-2010), including an A3 map, and reviews whether these extreme events are consistent with scientific assessments of climate.
Экстремальные явления погоды в условиях изменяющегося климата : От ретроспективы к предвидению
Связанные с погодой и климатом разрушительные события, зарегистриро-ванные в последние годы, привлекли внимание широкой общественности, правительств и средств массовой информации. В настоящей брошюре приводится ряд примеров экстремальных явлений, произошедших за по- следнее десятилетие (2001-2010 гг.). Некоторые из этих явлений были сравнимы с наиболее значительными событиями прошлых лет или превос- ходили их по интенсивности, продолжительности или географической про- тяженности.
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