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Surveillance des concentrations de carbone et de l’acidifi cation des océans
Bulletin, Vol. 64(1). OMM, 2016La concentration atmosphérique de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) a augmenté de 42 % depuis le début de l’ère industrielle à cause des émissions provenant de l’exploitation des combustibles fossiles, de la production de ciment et des changements d’aff ectation des terres (Bulletin de l’OMM sur les gaz à eff et de serre, N° 10). En 2010, on estime que les océans du globe avaient déjà absorbé 155 ± 30 pétagrammes (Pg) (1 pétagramme = 1015 g) de CO2 anthropique (Khatiwala et al., 2013), soit 28 % des émissions totales de CO2. Ce phénomène a limité la hausse de la concentration atmosphérique de CO2 et a ...
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Monitoring Ocean Carbon and Ocean Acidification
Bulletin, Vol. 64(1). WMO, 2015Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration has increased by 42% since the onset of the industrial revolution due to emissions from fossil fuel burning, cement production and land-use change, as reported in the WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin No. 10. As of 2010, the oceans had absorbed an estimated 155 ± 30 petagrams (Pg, 1 petagram = 1015 grams-force) of anthropogenic CO2 [Khatiwala et al., 2013], the equivalent of 28% of the total CO2 emissions during the same time. This factor limited the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. Although this ocean CO2 uptake reduces climate change, it also comes ...
Arctic Ocean acidification 2013: an overview
This overview report presents a summary of the first comprehensive assessment of Arctic Ocean acidification (AOA) conducted by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP).
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Modelling ocean Acidification in the California Current System : a dissertation submitted to ETH Zurich
Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) are naturally more acidic than most of the rest of the surface ocean. Observations of EBUS already show pH values and saturation states with regard to the carbonate mineral aragonite that are as low as those expected for most open ocean waters several decades from now. Thus, as atmospheric CO2 increases further, EBUS are prone to widespread and persistent undersaturation with regard to aragonite, making them especially sensitive to ocean acidification. Here, we describe ocean carbonate chemistry and its short-term-to-seasonal variability in one major E ...
Ocean-Based Food Security Threatened in a High CO2 World : a Ranking of Nations’ Vulnerability to Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
Emissions from human activities are changing the ocean’s chemistry and temperature in ways that threaten the livelihoods of those who depend on fish and seafood for all or part of their diets. The changes may reduce the amount of wild caught seafood that can be supplied by the oceans and also redistribute species, changing the locations at which seafood can be caught and creating instability for ocean-based food security, or seafood security. This report ranks nations based on the seafood security hardships they may experience by the middle of this century due to changing ocean conditions from ...
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IAEA Annual Report 2011
IAEA, 2012"The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has released its annual report for 2011. The report highlights, inter alia, its research activities on climate change issues in the oceans, isotope applications in hydrology and climate studies, and nuclear energy as a mitigation option.
The report indicates that the Agency strengthened its research activities to monitor radionuclides in the marine and terrestrial environment, and to study climate change issues in the oceans, in particular to study the impact of ocean acidification and climate change on oceanographic processes, ecos ...
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Climate change's famous cousin
Global Change magazine, Issue 76. IGBP, 2011Ocean acidification has transitioned from a littleknown phenomenon to a buzzword within a span of five years. The concomitant explosion of research on this topic has provided many general insights into its effects. But as Sarah Cooley reminds us, many of the specifics regarding its consequences for
humans and ecosystems await elaboration.
A blueprint for ocean and coastal sustainability : an inter-agency paper towards the preparation of the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)
UNESCO, 2011The Blueprint provides an overview of the threats faced by the oceans, including unsustainable use, deforestation of mangroves, disappearance of coral reefs, ocean acidification and climate change. It further highlights the role of oceans in regulating the climate, contributing to food security and sustaining livelihoods.
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Environmental consequences of ocean acidification : a threat to food security
UNEP, 2010Launched by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the report confirms concerns that some organisms, such as corals and shellfish may find it increasingly difficult to form their skeletons in the decades to come making it harder to survive let alone thrive. It also shows that ocean acidification can react together with ocean warming so that animals such as crabs have a reduced range of temperatures they can thrive in.
Ocean acidification : questions answered
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - European Commission, 2010In this guide we do four new things. We answer some key questions many people are now asking about ocean acidification. We say how sure the international scientific community is about what is already happening to the ocean, we discuss what the future may hold for the ocean in a high carbon
dioxide (CO2) world, and we explore the consequences for all of us of what is now happening.
Questions Answered follows on from the highly successful multilingual guide called Ocean Acidification: The Facts, which was launched in winter 2009 at the UN climate change conference at Copenhagen. Q ...
阐明要点
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - European Commission, 2010本指南主要包括四方面的新内容: 解答人们提出的有关海洋酸化的关键问题；谈谈国际 科学界对海洋已经发生变化的观点；探讨在CO2 浓度升高的地球上，未来海洋的变化 趋势；探讨目前正在发生的一切可能对人类带来什么样的后果。
《海洋酸化：问题解答》是继2009年冬天哥本哈根联合国气候变化大会上成功发布的多 语版《海洋酸化的事实》之后的第二本指南，这本指南将提供更具技术性的解答，推 进科学理念。
جعلها أوضح
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - European Commission, 2010فى هذا الدليل قمنا بعمل أربعة أمور جديدة، حيث قمنا بالإجابة عن بعض الأسئلة المهمة التي يسألها العديد من الناس حول تحمّض المحيطات، نحن نتحدث عن تأكد المجتمع العلمي الدولي حول ما يحدث للمحيطات، ونناقش ما يحمل المستقبل للمحيطات مع ارتفاع ثاني أكسيد الكربون )) CO2 في العالم، ونستكشف عواقب ما يحدث الآن.
الأسئلة والإجابات يسير على خطى ناجحة للغاية للدليل متعدد اللغات الذى يسمى “تحمّض المحيطات الحقائق” ، والذى تم إطلاقه فى في شتاء 2009 في مؤتمر الامم المتحدة للتغير المناخي في كوبنهاغن دليل الأسئلة والإجابات حتما ذو طبيعة تقنية أكثر من الدليل السابق “الحقائق” حيث أنه يستند على العلم والسبب المن ...
Acidificación oceánica : preguntas y respuestas
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - Comisión Europea, 2010En esta guía se tratan cuatro aspectos fundamentales. Se contestan algunas de las preguntas clave que la gente se formula sobre la acidificación oceánica. Se aclara el grado de certeza de la comunidad científica
sobre los cambios que están ocurriendo en los océanos. Se discute qué le depara el futuro al océano en un mundo con altos niveles de dióxido de carbono (CO2) y, finalmente, se exploran cuáles son las consecuencias de este fenómeno para todos nosotros.
Preguntas y Respuestas es un manual que se inspira en la guía multilingüe Acidificación Oceánica: Los Hechos, publicada e ...
L'acidification des océans : questions [et] réponses
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - Commission Européenne, 2010Dans ce guide, quatre objectifs sont poursuivis. Nous répondons à des questions clés que le public se pose à propos de l’acidification des océans. Nous exprimons les certitudes de la communauté scientifique internationale quant à ce qui est en train de se passer dans les océans. Nous discutons de ce que sera l’avenir des océans dans un monde riche en dioxyde de carbone (CO2), et nous explorons les conséquences de nos actions.
Questions-Réponses est la suite d’un autre guide publié en plusieurs langues qui a connu un franc succès L’acidification des Océans: Les Faits et qui a été lancé a ...
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