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Primary sources of PM2.5 organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 5. El Haddad I.; Marchand N.; Wortham H.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Marseille, the most important port of the Mediterranean Sea, represents a challenging case study for source apportionment exercises, combining an active photochemistry and multiple emission sources, including fugitive emissions from industrial sources and shipping. This paper presents a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) approach based on organic markers and metals to apportion the primary sources of organic aerosol in Marseille, with a special focus on industrial emissions. Overall, the CMB model accounts for the major primary anthropogenic sources including motor vehicles, biomass burning and the a ...
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Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2039-2011
I. El Haddad ; N. Marchand ; H. Wortham ; C. Piot ; J.-L. Besombes ; J. Cozic ; C. Chauvel ; A. Armengaud ; D. Robin ; J.-L. Jaffrezo
in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) > Vol. 11. N° 5 [03/11/2011] . - p.2039-2058Marseille, the most important port of the Mediterranean Sea, represents a challenging case study for source apportionment exercises, combining an active photochemistry and multiple emission sources, including fugitive emissions from industrial sources and shipping. This paper presents a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) approach based on organic markers and metals to apportion the primary sources of organic aerosol in Marseille, with a special focus on industrial emissions. Overall, the CMB model accounts for the major primary anthropogenic sources including motor vehicles, biomass burning and the aggregate emissions from three industrial processes (heavy fuel oil combustion/shipping, coke production and steel manufacturing) as well as some primary biogenic emissions. This source apportionment exercise is well corroborated by 14C measurements. Primary OC estimated by the CMB accounts on average for 22% of total OC and is dominated by the vehicular emissions that contribute on average for 17% of OC mass concentration (vehicular PM contributes for 17% of PM2.5). Even though industrial emissions contribute only 2.3% of the total OC (7% of PM2.5), they are associated with ultrafine particles (Dp<80 nm) and high concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals such as Pb, Ni and V. On one hand, given that industrial emissions governed key primary markers, their omission would lead to substantial uncertainties in the CMB analysis performed in areas heavily impacted by such sources, hindering accurate estimation of non-industrial primary sources and secondary sources. On the other hand, being associated with bursts of submicron particles and carcinogenic and mutagenic components such as PAH, these emissions are most likely related with acute ill-health outcomes and should be regulated despite their small contributions to OC. Another important result is the fact that 78% of OC mass cannot be attributed to the major primary sources and, thus, remains un-apportioned. We have consequently critically investigated the uncertainties underlying our CMB apportionments. While we have provided some evidence for photochemical decay of hopanes, this decay does not appear to significantly alter the CMB estimates of the total primary OC. Sampling artifacts and unaccounted primary sources also appear to marginally influence the amount of un-apportioned OC. Therefore, this significant amount of un-apportioned OC is mostly attributed to secondary organic carbon that appears to be the major component of OC during the whole period of study.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Aerosols ; Environment and landscape ; Urban zone ; Air pollution ; France
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Climate: observations, projections and impacts
The Met.Office, 2011Understanding the potential impacts of climate change is essential for informing both adaptation strategies and actions to avoid dangerous levels of climate change.
But assessing the impacts is scientifically challenging and has, until now, been fragmented. To date, only a limited amount of information about past climate change and its future impacts has been available at national level, while approaches to the science itself have varied between countries.
In April 2011, we were asked by the United Kingdom's Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change to begi ...
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Available online: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/assets/metofficegovuk/pdf/research [...]
Published by: The Met.Office ; 2011
Understanding the potential impacts of climate change is essential for informing both adaptation strategies and actions to avoid dangerous levels of climate change.
But assessing the impacts is scientifically challenging and has, until now, been fragmented. To date, only a limited amount of information about past climate change and its future impacts has been available at national level, while approaches to the science itself have varied between countries.
In April 2011, we were asked by the United Kingdom's Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change to begin a project to compile scientifically robust and impartial information on the physical impacts of climate change for more than 20 countries.
A report on the observations, projections and impacts of climate change has been prepared for each of those countries.Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Climate ; Climate change ; Observations ; Climate projection ; Impact studies ; Argentina ; Australia ; Bangladesh ; Brazil ; China ; Egypt ; France ; Germany ; India ; Indonesia ; Italy ; Japan ; Kenya ; Mexico ; Peru ; Republic of Korea ; Russian Federation ; Saudi Arabia ; South Africa ; Spain ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ; United States of America
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GCOS, 130. Synthesis of National Reports on Systematic Observation for Climate
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2009 (WMO/TD-No. 1490)
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Available online: Full text
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme ; International Council for Science ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
Published by: WMO ; 2009Collection(s) and Series: WMO/TD- No. 1490; GCOS- No. 130
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) ; Climate monitoring ; Guide ; Australia ; Austria ; Belgium ; Belize ; Bulgaria ; Canada ; Croatia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; European Union ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Greece ; Hungary ; Ireland ; Iceland ; Italy ; Japan ; Latvia ; Liechtenstein ; Lithuania ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Poland ; Portugal ; Romania ; Russian Federation ; Slovakia ; Slovenia ; Spain ; Sweden ; Switzerland ; Türkiye ; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ; United States of America
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N°34 - Avril 2007 - Météo-France acteur du climat
is an issue of Atmosphériques. Météo France, 2007
[number or issue]Language(s): French
Format: Hard copy (ill., charts, maps)Tags: Weather ; Meteorology ; National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS) ; France
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Meteorological and hydrological education and training for disaster prevention and mitigation: SYMET-X, abstracts
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Published by: WMO ; 2006
Language(s): English, French, Spanish
Format: Hard copyTags: Natural hazards ; Capacity development ; Disaster prevention and preparedness ; National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS) ; France ; China ; Pakistan ; Nigeria ; Russian Federation ; Philippines ; South East Asia ; Mauritius ; Jordan ; Peru ; Kenya
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N°30 - Janvier 2006 - Piloter la prévision numérique: un nouveau défi
is an issue of Atmosphériques. Météo France, 2006
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CAgM Report, 93. Experts for Collection of Case Studies of Economically Beneficial Agrometeorological Applications and Services and Other Success Stories in Agrometeorology for Policy Matters
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JCOMM Technical Report, 20. JCOMM Ship Observations Team second session: national reports
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2003 (WMO/TD-No. 1170)
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N°17 - Janvier 2003 - Aider à la prévision des crues
is an issue of Atmosphériques. Météo France, 2003
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JCOMM Technical Report, 18. JCOMM Expert Team on Maritime Safety Services (ETMSS): First session
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2002 (WMO/TD-No. 1135)
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JCOMM Technical Report, 17. JCOMM Ship Observations Team first session: national reports
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2002 (WMO/TD-No. 1121)
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N°12 - Octobre 2001 - L'agrométéorologie: au coeur de plusieurs disciplines
is an issue of Atmosphériques. Météo France, 2001
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AGM, 04. Software for agroclimatic data management : proceedings of an expert group meeting, October 16-20, 2000
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N°8 - Octobre 2000 - La formation: pour comprendre, transmettre et exercer
is an issue of Atmosphériques. Météo France, 2000Contient notamment: OMM, Atmosphère sans frontières
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GOOS, 80. Initial Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Commitments Meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - UNESCO, 1999
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