Rainfall Variability over Zimbabwe and its relation to large-scale atmosphere-ocean processes

Mamombe Vimbai - 이화여자대학교 대학원, 2016

For Zimbabwe, where rain fed agriculture is the backbone of the economy, the importance of accurate rainfall seasonal forecasts cannot be overemphasized (Makarau and Jury, 1997). In fact, extremes in interseasonal variability of rainfall can significantly complicate human livelihoods. In addition, there have been predictions of increased precipitation variability and hydro-meteorological hazards such as floods, droughts, and erratic rainfall due to global warming (Field et al., 2014; Mushore, 2013a). Thus, detailed understanding of the major contributors to the rainfall variability over Zimbab ...

English

 Rainfall Variability over Zimbabwe and its relation to large-scale atmosphere-ocean processes

Vimbai Mamombe

Published by: 이화여자대학교 대학원 ; 2016

For Zimbabwe, where rain fed agriculture is the backbone of the economy, the importance of accurate rainfall seasonal forecasts cannot be overemphasized (Makarau and Jury, 1997). In fact, extremes in interseasonal variability of rainfall can significantly complicate human livelihoods. In addition, there have been predictions of increased precipitation variability and hydro-meteorological hazards such as floods, droughts, and erratic rainfall due to global warming (Field et al., 2014; Mushore, 2013a). Thus, detailed understanding of the major contributors to the rainfall variability over Zimbabwe would help in the development of mitigatory measures against the effects of extreme weather events.
The aim of this study is to identify significant climate factors that are associated with interseasonal variations in rainfall over Zimbabwe. Observational studies of the possible relationships between rainfall, global SST anomalies and synoptic scale atmospheric features were carried out. The investigation is mainly centered on the large scale circulation acclimatization to SST forcing andthe resultant rainfall changes. This is expected to make profound contributions to seasonal rainfall forecasting techniques around the country.Empirical orthogonal function.

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Language(s): English

Format: Digital (Available online for logged-in users)

Tags: Precipitation ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Research ; Zimbabwe ; Thesis - WMO Fellowship Division Add tag

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66 - February 2012 - A method for estimating the sea-air CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean

is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Meteorological Research Institute, 2012

In this technical report, we describe a newly developed method for evaluating monthly fields of oceanic pCO2 and the subsequent temporal variations of the sea-air CO2 flux over extensive regions of the North and South Pacific by using synthesized observational data. The application of this method is expected to contribute to understanding of future changes in the ocean carbon sink and the ocean's role in controlling the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase.

English

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 66 - February 2012 - A method for estimating the sea-air CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean

  Available online: http://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Publish/Technical/DATA/VOL_66/tec_rep_mri_66.pdf

In this technical report, we describe a newly developed method for evaluating monthly fields of oceanic pCO2 and the subsequent temporal variations of the sea-air CO2 flux over extensive regions of the North and South Pacific by using synthesized observational data. The application of this method is expected to contribute to understanding of future changes in the ocean carbon sink and the ocean's role in controlling the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase.

Language(s): English

Format: Digital (Free), Hard copy

Tags: Observations ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) ; Pacific Ocean ; Region V - South-West Pacific Add tag

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 気象研究所技術報告 = Technical Reports of the Meteorological Research Institute  

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GAW Report, 203. The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Maritime Organization (IMO); Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); et al. - WMO, 2012

The atmospheric input of chemicals to the ocean is closely related to a number of important global change issues. The increasing input of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen species to much of the ocean may cause a low level fertilization of the ocean that could result in an increase in marine 'new' productivity of up to ~3% and thus impact carbon drawdown from the atmosphere. However, the increase in nitrogen inputs are also likely to increase the formation of nitrous oxide in the ocean. The increased emission of this powerful greenhouse gas will partially offset the climate forcing impact res ...

English

 The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean

 PDF 

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Maritime Organization ; Food and Agriculture Organization (Rome, Italia) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission ; International Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna, Austria) ; United Nations ; United Nations Environment Programme ; United Nations Development Programme

Published by: WMO ; 2012

The atmospheric input of chemicals to the ocean is closely related to a number of important global change issues. The increasing input of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen species to much of the ocean may cause a low level fertilization of the ocean that could result in an increase in marine 'new' productivity of up to ~3% and thus impact carbon drawdown from the atmosphere. However, the increase in nitrogen inputs are also likely to increase the formation of nitrous oxide in the ocean. The increased emission of this powerful greenhouse gas will partially offset the climate forcing impact resulting from the increase in carbon dioxide drawdown produced by N fertilization. Similarly, much of the oceanic iron, which is a limiting nutrient in many areas of the ocean, originates from the atmospheric input of minerals as a result of the long-range transport of mineral dust from continental regions. The increased supply of soluble phosphorus from atmospheric anthropogenic sources (through large-scale use in fertilizers) may also have a significant impact on surface-ocean biogeochemistry, but estimates are highly uncertain. While it is possible that the inputs of sulphur and nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere can add to the rates of ocean acidification occurring due to rising levels of carbon dioxide, there is too little information on these processes to assess the potential impact. These inputs may be particularly critical in heavily trafficked shipping lanes and in ocean regions proximate to highly industrialized land areas. Other atmospheric substances may also have an impact on the ocean, in particular lead, cadmium, and POPs. GESAMP initiated Working Group 38, The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean, to address these issues.

Collection(s) and Series:  GAW Report- No. 203

Language(s): English

Format: Digital (Free), Hard copy

Tags: Oceans ; Atmospheric chemistry ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW) ; GESAMP 84 Add tag

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Latitudinal distributions of organic nitrogen and organic carbon in marine aerosols over the western North Pacific

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 7. Miyazaki Y.; Kawamura K.; Jung J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011

Marine aerosol samples were collected over the western North Pacific along the latitudinal transect from 44° N to 10° N in late summer 2008 for measurements of organic nitrogen (ON) and organic carbon (OC) as well as isotopic ratios of total nitrogen (TN) and total carbon (TC). Increased concentrations of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and diethylammonium (DEA+) at 40–44° N and subtropical regions (10–20° N) together with averaged satellite chlorophyll-a data and 5-day back trajectories suggest a significant influence of marine biological activities on aerosols in these regions. ON exhibited incre ...

English

[article] 

Latitudinal distributions of organic nitrogen and organic carbon in marine aerosols over the western North Pacific

  Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3037-2011

Y. Miyazaki ; K. Kawamura ; J. Jung ; H. Furutani ; M. Uematsu

in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) > Vol. 11. N° 7 [04/01/2011] . - p.3037-3049

Marine aerosol samples were collected over the western North Pacific along the latitudinal transect from 44° N to 10° N in late summer 2008 for measurements of organic nitrogen (ON) and organic carbon (OC) as well as isotopic ratios of total nitrogen (TN) and total carbon (TC). Increased concentrations of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and diethylammonium (DEA+) at 40–44° N and subtropical regions (10–20° N) together with averaged satellite chlorophyll-a data and 5-day back trajectories suggest a significant influence of marine biological activities on aerosols in these regions. ON exhibited increased concentrations up to 260 ngN m−3 in these marine biologically influenced aerosols. Water-insoluble organic nitrogen (WION) was found to be the most abundant nitrogen in the aerosols, accounting for 55 ± 16% of total aerosol nitrogen. In particular, the average WION/ON ratio was as high as 0.93 ± 0.07 at 40–44° N. These results suggest that marine biological sources significantly contributed to ON, a majority of which is composed of water-insoluble fractions in the study region. Analysis of the stable carbon isotopic ratios (δ13C) indicated that, on average, marine-derived carbon accounted for ~88 ± 12% of total carbon in the aerosols. In addition, the δ13C showed higher values (from −22 to −20‰) when ON/OC ratios increased from 0.15 to 0.35 in marine biologically influenced aerosols. These results clearly show that organic nitrogen is enriched in organic aerosols originated from an oceanic region with high biological productivity, indicating a preferential transfer of nitrogen-containing organic compounds from the sea surface to the marine atmosphere. Both WION concentrations and WION/water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) ratios tended to increase with increasing local wind speeds, indicating that sea-to-air emissions of ON via sea spray contribute significantly to the marine organic aerosols over the study region.

Language(s): English

Format: Digital (Free)

Tags: Aerosols ; Nitrogen ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Observations ; Pacific Ocean ; Region V - South-West Pacific Add tag

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Pseudo steady states of HONO measured in the nocturnal marine boundary layer: a conceptual model for HONO formation on aqueous surfaces

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 7. Wojtal P.; Halla J.D.; McLaren R. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011

A complete understanding of the formation mechanism of nitrous acid (HONO) in the ambient atmosphere is complicated by a lack of understanding of processes occurring when aqueous water is present. We report nocturnal measurements of HONO, SO2 and NO2 by differential optical absorption spectroscopy over the ocean surface in a polluted marine environment. In this aqueous environment, we observed reproducible pseudo steady states (PSS) of HONO every night, that are fully formed shortly after sunset, much faster than seen in urban environments. During the PSS period, HONO is constant with time, in ...

English

[article] 

Pseudo steady states of HONO measured in the nocturnal marine boundary layer: a conceptual model for HONO formation on aqueous surfaces

  Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3243-2011

P. Wojtal ; J.D. Halla ; R. McLaren

in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) > Vol. 11. N° 7 [04/01/2011] . - p.3243-3261

A complete understanding of the formation mechanism of nitrous acid (HONO) in the ambient atmosphere is complicated by a lack of understanding of processes occurring when aqueous water is present. We report nocturnal measurements of HONO, SO2 and NO2 by differential optical absorption spectroscopy over the ocean surface in a polluted marine environment. In this aqueous environment, we observed reproducible pseudo steady states (PSS) of HONO every night, that are fully formed shortly after sunset, much faster than seen in urban environments. During the PSS period, HONO is constant with time, independent of air mass source and independent of the concentration of NO2. The independence of HONO on the concentration of NO2 implies a 0° order formation process, likely on a saturated surface, with reversible partitioning of HONO to the gas phase, through vaporization and deposition to the surface. We observed median HONO/NO2 ratios starting at 0.13 at the beginning of the PSS period (with an apparent lower bound of 0.03), rising to median levels of ~0.30 at the end of the PSS period (with an upper bound >1.0). The implication of these numbers is that they suggest a common surface mechanism of HONO formation on terrestrial and aqueous surfaces, with an increase in the HONO/NO2 ratio with the amount of water available at the surface. The levels of HONO during the nocturnal PSS period are positively correlated with temperature, consistent with a partitioning of HONO from the surface to the gas phase with an apparent enthalpy of vaporization of ΔHSNL (HONO)=55.5±5.4 kJ mol−1. The formation mechanism on aqueous surfaces is independent of relative humidity (RH), despite observation of a negative HONO-RH correlation. A conceptual model for HONO formation on ambient aqueous surfaces is presented, with the main elements being the presence of a surface nanolayer (SNL), highly acidic and saturated with N(IV) precursors, production of HNO3, that diffuses to underlying water layers, and HONO, which partitions reversibly between the SNL and the gas phase. Implications of the conceptual model are discussed.

Language(s): English

Format: Digital (Free)

Tags: Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Oceans ; Water pollution ; Research Add tag

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Ozone production in remote oceanic and industrial areas derived from ship based measurements of peroxy radicals during TexAQS 2006

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Sommariva R.; Brown S.S.; Roberts J.M.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011

During the Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS 2006) campaign, a PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplifier (PERCA) was deployed on the NOAA research vessel R/V Brown to measure total peroxy radicals (HO2+Σ RO2). Day-time mixing ratios of HO2+Σ RO2 between 25 and 110 ppt were observed throughout the study area – the Houston/Galveston region and the Gulf coast of the US – and analyzed in relation to measurements of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and photolysis rates to assess radical sources and sinks in the region.

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Understanding the transport of Patagonian dust and its influence on marine biological activity in the South Atlantic Ocean

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Johnson M.S.; Meskhidze N.; Kiliyanpilakkil V.P.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011

The supply of bioavailable iron to the high-nitrate low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters of the Southern Ocean through atmospheric pathways could stimulate phytoplankton blooms and have major implications for the global carbon cycle. In this study, model results and remotely-sensed data are analyzed to examine the horizontal and vertical transport pathways of Patagonian dust and quantify the effect of iron-laden mineral dust deposition on marine biological productivity in the surface waters of the South Atlantic Ocean (SAO). Model simulations for the atmospheric transport and deposition of mineral du ...

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Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Ci Z.J.; Zhang X.S.; Wang Z.W.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011

The Yellow Sea, surrounded by East China and the Korea Peninsula, is a potentially important receptor for anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions from East Asia. However, there is little documentation about the distribution and cycle of Hg in this marine system. During the cruise covering the Yellow Sea in July 2010, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM or Hg(0)) in the atmosphere, total Hg (THg), reactive Hg (RHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM, largely Hg(0)) in the waters were measured aboard the R/V Kexue III. The mean (±SD) concentration of GEM over the entire cruise was 2.61 ± 0.50 ng m−3 (ra ...

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On the impacts of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the properties of the primary marine aerosol – Part 2: Composition, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation activity

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Fuentes E.; Coe H.; Green D.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011

The effect of nanogel colloidal and dissolved organic matter

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CAWCR technical report, 40. Comparison of techniques for the calibration of coupled model forecasts of Murray Darling Basin seasonal mean rainfall

Charles Andrew; Hendon Harry H.; Wang Q.J.; et al. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2011

Ensemble forecasts of South Eastern Australian rainfall from POAMA 1.5, a coupled oceanatmosphere dynamical model based seasonal prediction system run experimentally at the Bureau of Meteorology, tend to be under dispersed leading to overconfident probability forecasts. The poor reliability of seasonal forecasts based on dynamical coupled models is a barrier to their adoption as official outlooks by the Bureau of Meteorology. One approach to correcting this problem is model calibration, in which the probability distribution produced by the model is adjusted in light of available information ab ...

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GAW Report, 202. Workshop on Modelling and Observing the Impacts of Dust Transport/Deposition on Marine Productivity

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Liss Peter S. - WMO, 2011

In this report we evaluate the state-of-art knowledge and uncertainties regarding the deposition of dust on the ocean and its mineralogical composition provided by models and measurement datasets. Global climate models were recently intercompared by Huneeus et al. (2011) using results from the AEROCOM model intercomparison. The deposition calculations from these global models are frequently used as input for biological productivity calculations. A model measurement comparison (Huneeus, 2011) shows that global models do reproduce the observed data over several orders of magnitude. However, the ...

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Blue carbon policy framework 2.0 : based on the discussion of the International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group

Herr Dorothée; Pidgeon Emily; Laffoley, D. d'A.; et al. - IUCN, 2011

Development and implementation of blue carbon-based activities now requires strategic policy and incentive mechanisms to achieve coastal conservation, restoration and sustainable use, and provide disincentives to drain or damage coastal systems. A first effort to develop such a strategic program was set out in the first edition of the Blue Carbon Policy Framework. Based on additional information and current progress a revised Blue Carbon Policy Framework 2.0 has now been developed. It updates the previous version and adds a detailed coordinated program of policy objectives and activities. It o ...

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Regime Behavior in the Sea Surface Temperature-Cloud Radiative Forcing Relationships over the Pacific Cold Tongue Region

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 5. Wu Chun-Qiang; Zhou Tian-Jun; De-Zheng Xiao-Li - Science Press, 2010

Previous analyses on the estimates of water vapor and cloud-related feedbacks in the tropics usually use observations over the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) period (1985–89). To examine the sample dependence of previous estimates, the authors extend the analysis to two additional periods: 1990–94 and 1995–99. The results confirm our hypothesis, i.e., the values of the feedbacks depend on the period of data coverage. The differences in the feedbacks from cloud radiative forcings (CRFs) estimated from the three periods are particularly significant. Two possible causes for these differ ...

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Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layers Associated with Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 5. Wang Dong-Xiao; Zhou Wen; Yu Xiao-Li; et al. - Science Press, 2010

The variations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) associated with the South China Sea Summer Monsoon were examined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding datasets obtained four times daily during May-June 1998 on board Research Vessels Kexue 1 and Shiyan 3. The MABL height is defined as the height at the lowest level where virtual potential temperature increases by 1 K from the surface. The results indicate that the MABL height decreased over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and remained the same over the southern SCS, as sea surface temperature (SST) fell for the no ...

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Diapycnal Mixing in Transient Responses of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in an Enhanced Freshwater Perturbation Experiment

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Yu Lei; Gao Yong-Qi; Helge Drange; et al. - Science Press, 2010

It has been reported recently that the simulated Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) using the coupled Bergen climate model (BCM) showed initial intensity declines followed by gradual recoveries over a 150-year enhanced freshwater input experiment. Stratification-dependent oceanic diapycnal mixing has been hypothesized as a reason for the simulated recovery of the AMOC. This study investigated the role of diapycnal mixing in transient responses of simulated AMOCs. Our results showed that stratification-dependent diapycnal mixing can cause stronger upwelling of deep water in the ...

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51 - Decmber 2007 - Highly developed precise analysis of atmospheric and oceanic sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and evaluation of SF6 standard gas stability

is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Tokieda Takayuki; Ishii Masao; Saito Shu; et al. - Meteorological Research Institute, 2007

English; Japanese

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Renewable energy, Part II - Thermodynamics of the ocean and the atmosphere. Ocean Thermal energy conversion plants

Troshenkin B.A. - Fort Publishers, 2004

English

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IGBP Report, 50. The surface ocean - lower atmosphere study : science plan and implementation strategy

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council for Science (ICSU); National academy of sciences ; et al. - IGBP, 2004

English

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N°19 - Juillet 2003 - L'océanographie: en poupe pour la météorologie

is an issue of Atmosphériques. Météo France, 2003

French

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Возобновляемая энергия, часть I - Термодинамика атмосферы и океана. океанические электростанции

Troshenkin B.A. - Fort Publishers, 2003

Russian, English

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Renewable energy, Part I - Thermodynamics of the ocean and the atmosphere. Ocean Thermal energy conversion plants

Troshenkin B.A. - Fort Publishers, 2003

English, Russian

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N°11 - Juillet 2001 - Observer les enveloppes fluides: des satellites d'observation pour voir, mesurer et comprendre l'atmosphère et l'océan

is an issue of Atmosphériques. Météo France, 2001

French

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MAP Technical Reports Series, 130. Atmospheric Input of Persistent Organic Pollutants to the Mediterranean Sea

Erdman L.; Gusev A.; Pavlova N.; et al. - WMO, 2001

English

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WCRP, 115. WCRP/SCOR Workshop on Intercomparison and Validation of Ocean-Atmosphere Flux Fields

White G.; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2001 (WMO/TD-No. 1083)

English

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41 - March 2000 - Coulometric Precise Analysis of Total Inorganic Carbon in Seawater and Measurements of Radiocarbon for the Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere and for the Total Inorganic Carbon in Seawater

is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Ishii Masao; Inoue Hisayuki Yoshikawa; Matsueda H. - Meteorological Research Institute, 2000

English; Japanese

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WCRP, 112. Final report of the Joint WCRP/SCOR Working Group on Air-Sea Fluxes (SCOR Working Group 110) : intercomparison and validation of ocean-atmosphere energy flufields

Taylor P.K.; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2000 (WMO/TD-No. 1036)

English

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37 - February 1999 - Geochemical study of the atmosphere and ocean in 1995 and 1996

is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Meteorological Research Institute, 1999

English; Japanese

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GCOS, 55. Report of the fifth session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 1999

English

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WCRP, 107. Proceedings of a Conference on the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 1999 (WMO/TD-No. 940)

English

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GCOS, 43a. TAO Implementation Panel, sixth session

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 1998

English

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Atmospheric Input of Mercury to the Mediterranean Sea

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - UNEP, 1998

English

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GCOS, 31. Proceedings of the fifth meeting of the TAO Implementation Panel (TIP-5)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 1997

English

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WCRP/JSC, 18. Annual review of the World Climate Research Programme and report of the eighteenth session of the Joint Scientific Committee

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1997 (WMO/TD-No. 855)

English

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WCRP Informal/Series Report, 2/1997. Second session of the CLIVAR ACC/DEC-CEN Numerical experimentation group (CLIVAR NEG-2)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 1997

English

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WCRP, 95. WCRP Workshop on Air-Sea Flux Fields for Forcing Ocean Models and Validating GCMs, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

White G.; International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; et al. - WMO, 1996 (WMO/TD-No. 762)

English

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GAW Report, 109. Report of an Expert Consultation on 85Kr and 222Rn: measurements, effects and applications

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1996 (WMO/TD-No. 733)

English

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RAAOM report, 26. Global tracer transport models: proceedings of a WCRP workshop on the parameterization of subgrid-scale tracer transport

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Jacob D.; Prather M.; et al. - WMO, 1996 (WMO/TD-No. 823)

English

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RAAOM report, 24. Global tracer transport models: report of the scientific symposium

Pyle J.; Prather Mickael; World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; et al. - WMO, 1996 (WMO/TD-No. 770)

English

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GESAMP - Reports and Studies, 59. The Sea-Surface Microlayer and its Role in Global Change

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); et al. - WMO, 1995

Concerns has been expressed in international fora that the relative important of the sea-surface microlayer may have been underestimated, both as a site of adverse biological effects and as a medium for the transfer of energy and material between the sea and the atmosphere...

English

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WCRP, 92. Proceedings of the first International AMIP Scientific Conference

Gates William Lawrence; World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 1995 (WMO/TD-No. 732)

English

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Report of the thirteenth session

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1994

English

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Report of the second meeting

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1994

English

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WCRP, 82. An intercomparison of selected features of the control climates simulated by coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models

Gates William Lawrence; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 1993 (WMO/TD-No. 574)

English

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MMROA Report, 30. Proceedings of the International Seminar for Port Meteorological Officers

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1993 (WMO/TD-No. 584)

English

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WCRP Special report. WMO/IOC Inter-governmental TOGA Board: report of the sixth session

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 1993 (WMO/TD-No. 559)

English

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GAW Report, 89. 4e Conférence internationale CO2 = CO2 4th International Conference

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1993 (WMO/TD-No. 561)

English; French

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WCRP Special report. WMO/IOC Inter-governmental TOGA Board: report of the fifth session

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 1992 (WMO/TD-No. 476)

English

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Report of the eleventh session

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1992

English

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GESAMP - Reports and Studies, 48. Global Changes and the Air-Sea Exchange of Chemicals

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); et al. - WMO, 1991

Global environmental change is one of the most important issues facing society over the next several decades. Present and potential future changes to the global environment have important implications for marine pollution and for the air-sea exchange of both anthropogenic and natural substances. This report addresses three issues related to the potential impact of global change on the air-sea exchange of chemicals…

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Report of ad-hoc meeting of experts on TOGA data management

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1991

English

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TOGA CD-ROM project planning meeting

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1991

English

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Report of the second session

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1991

English

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Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA), a project of the World Climate Research Programme : international implementation plan

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 1990

English

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Report of ad-hoc Meeting of Experts on TOGA Data Management

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) - WMO, 1989 (WMO/TD-No. 280)

English

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WCRP, 27. Diagnostics of the global atmospheric circulation :based on ECMWF analyses 1979-1989

Hoskins Brian; University of Reading ; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF); et al. - WMO, 1989 (WMO/TD-No. 326)

English

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WCRP Special report. WMO/IOC Inter-governmental TOGA Board: report of the second session

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 1989 (WMO/TD-No. 282)

English

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WCRP, 15. Modelling the sensitivity and variations of the ocean-atmosphere interaction system: report of a workshop at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF); et al. - WMO, 1988 (WMO/TD-No. 254)

English

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WCRP Special report. WMO/IOC Inter-governmental TOGA Board: report of the first session

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 1988 (WMO/TD-No. 216)

English

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WCRP, 17. JSC/CCCO TOGA Scientific Steering Group: report of the seventh session

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; TOGA Scientific Steering Group ; World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1988 (WMO/TD-No. 259)

English

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WCP, 121. Workshop on Comparison of Simulations by Numerical Models of the Sensitivity of the Atmospheric Circulation to Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1986 (WMO/TD-No. 138)

English

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Long-range forecasting Research report, 05. Meeting of Experts on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Relevant to Long-range Weather Forecasting

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1986 (WMO/TD-No. 85)

English

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GARP Publications Series, 27. Scientific results of the Alpine Experiment (ALPEX): scientific papers presented at the Conference - Volume I

International Council for Science (ICSU); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1986 (WMO/TD-No. 108)

English

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GARP Publications Series, 27. Scientific results of the Alpine Experiment (ALPEX): report of the workshop - Volume II

International Council for Science (ICSU); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1986 (WMO/TD-No. 108)

English

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GAW Report, 37. Air-sea interchange of pollutants

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1986 (WMO/TD-No. 126)

English

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WCP, 107. Report of the third session of the JSC/CCCO TOGA Scientific Steering Group

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1985 (WMO/TD-No. 81)

English

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Report of the Fifth session of joint scientific committee : World Climate Research Programme

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1984 (WMO/TD-No. 1)

English

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WCP, 49. Report of the JSC/CCCO Study group on Interannual variability of the tropical oceans and the global atmosphere (TOGA)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1983

English

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GARP-ALPEX, 05. MED-ALPEX: oceanographic contribution to ALPEX, experiment design

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 1982

English

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FGGE Operations report, 04. Summary of data collected 7 March - 4 July 1979

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Joint Planning Staff - WMO, 1981

English

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FGGE Operations report, 03. Summary of data collected 27 November 1978 - 6 March 1979

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Joint Planning Staff - WMO, 1981

English

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GAW Report, 02. Report of the Third Session of the GESAMP Working Group on the Interchange of Pollutants Between the Atmosphere and the Oceans (INTERPOLL-III)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1980

English

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FGGE Operations report, 09. Results of summer MONEX field phase research (part B)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Joint Planning Staff ; International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) - WMO, 1980

English

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FGGE Operations report, 09. Results of summer MONEX field phase research (part A)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Joint Planning Staff ; International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) - WMO, 1980

English

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Special Environment Report, 12. Implementation plan for the determination of the atmospheric contribution of petroleum hydrocarbons to the oceans

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 1979 (WMO-No. 504)

Summary in English, French, Spanish and Russian.

English

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Reports on marine science affairs (MSA), 12. Meteorological aspects of the contributions presented at the Joint Oceanographic Assembly

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 1978 (WMO-No. 499)

English, French

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Rapports sur les questions relatives aux sciences de la mer, 12. Aspects météorologiques des contributions présentées à l'Assemblée météorologique conjointe

Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) - OMM, 1978 (OMM-No. 499)

French, English

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Special Environment Report, 06. Determination of the atmospheric contribution of petroleum hydrocarbons to the oceans

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Smagin V.M. - WMO, 1976 (WMO-No. 440)

Summary in English, French, Spanish and Russian.

English

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GATE Report, 08. The Oceanographic sub-programme for the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Miyake M.; Tarbeev Y.; et al. - WMO, 1974

English

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Proceedings of the Symposium on Meteorological Results of the International Indian Ocean Expedition

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); India Meteorological Department (IMD); et al. - WMO, 1965

English

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Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)

IITM

"Vision:

“To Make IITM a World Centre of Excellence in Basic Research on the Ocean-Atmosphere Climate System required for improvement of Weather and Climate Forecasts”


Mission:

- To develop outstanding research talent capable of understanding and exploring enlightened and effective Atmospheric sciences.

- To further the advancement of Research in Ocean-Atmosphere by undertaking relevant scientific programmes.

- To collaborate with other similar research institutions, in the development and application of clim ...

English

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