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GAW Report, 202. Workshop on Modelling and Observing the Impacts of Dust Transport/Deposition on Marine Productivity
In this report we evaluate the state-of-art knowledge and uncertainties regarding the deposition of dust on the ocean and its mineralogical composition provided by models and measurement datasets. Global climate models were recently intercompared by Huneeus et al. (2011) using results from the AEROCOM model intercomparison. The deposition calculations from these global models are frequently used as input for biological productivity calculations. A model measurement comparison (Huneeus, 2011) shows that global models do reproduce the observed data over several orders of magnitude. However, the ...
GAW Report, 199. Tropospheric Ozone Changes : observations, state of understanding and model performances
This report presents an almost complete collection of extended abstracts of the oral and poster presentations of the second workshop on tropospheric ozone changes. For some presentations no extended abstract is included as their content has already been published in peer reviewed literature or manuscripts are under preparation. A summary of this workshop has been submitted as a newsletter article of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGAC, 2011). The original workshop presentations are available from the meeting web site at
Assessement of selected global models in short range forecasting over West Africa: case study of Senegal
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; ANAMS ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - WMO, 2011Severe weather events in West Africa are associated mainly with meso-scale thunderstorms and squall lines. Forecasting such severe weather to reduce the risk of hazards is one of the challenges faced by many met services. However, the recent progress in the area of numerical weather prediction has enabled some countries to forecast these events in a better way.
Due to lack of capacity, many of the West African countries were not able to use numerical weather prediction systems effectively in their day to day forecasting activities. The CPC/African Desk has been playing big role in buil ...
How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change : reducing vulnerability in multifunctional landscapes
In this section we provide a more in-depth look at the role trees play in the provision of goods and services in multifunctional landscapes. Tree growth is, however, vulnerable to climate variability, depending on the physiological properties of the tree and characteristics of the site. A further quantification of climate variability and climate change is needed to advise on what types of trees can be grown where, to be ready for the likely local climate-change during their lifetime. This leads to a discussion of the two-way relationship between climate change adaptation and rewards for enviro ...
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The impact of climate change on global tropical storm damages
This paper constructs an integrated assessment model of tropical cyclones in order to quantify the impact that climate change may have on tropical cyclone damages in countries around the world. The paper relies on a tropical cyclone generator in each ocean and several climate models to predict tropical cyclones with and without climate change. A damage model is constructed to compute the resulting damage when a cyclone strikes each country. Economic development is expected to double global tropical cyclone damages because more will be in harm's way. Climate change is expected to double global ...
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Synoptic Typing and Its Application for Evaluating Climatic Impact on Air Quality in Urumqi
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 6. Wang Li-Li; Wang Yue-Si; Li Yuan-Yuan - Science Press, 2010An automated procedure employing principal-component analysis and a two-stage cluster analysis was developed to classify the synoptic meteorological conditions prevailing over Urumqi, one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. Six clusters representing different circulation patterns and air-mass characteristics were classified using surface- and upper-meteorological variables during the heating period from 2001 to 2008, and the relationships between synoptic clusters and air quality were evaluated. The heaviest air-pollution episodes occurred when Urumqi was in either an extremely c ...
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Tropical Cyclone Initialization with Dynamical Retrieval from a Modified UWPBL Model
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol.88 No.5. Ma Lei-Ming; Tan Zhe-Min - Meteorological Society of Japan, 2010A new scheme, termed Vortex Initialization with the Assimilation of Retrieved Variables (VIRV), is presented to improve the initialization of regional numerical model for Tropical Cyclone (TC) prediction. In this scheme, the horizontal winds in Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) and the sea level pressure (SLP), retrieved from Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) data obtained using a modified University of Washington Planetary Boundary Layer (UWPBL) model, are assimilated with a cycled three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) technique to produce the initialized analysis. The procedures of retrieval are i ...
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Comparisons of Low-Level Circulation Characteristics between ECHAM5/MPI-OM Results and NCEP/NCAR Re-Analysis Data in East Asia
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Zhao De-Ming; Fu Cong-Bin - Science Press, 2010Regional climate models (RCMs) can provide far more precise information than general circulation models (GCMs). However, RCMs depend on GCM results for re-analysis products providing boundary conditions, especially for future climate scenarios. Meanwhile, the capacity of RCMs to reproduce precipitation is strongly connected to its performance on circulation and moisture transport simulations in the low troposphere, which is the key problem with RCMs at present. In the Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project for East Asia (RMIP III), the results of ECHAM5/MPI-OM (the European Centre-Ham ...
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Diapycnal Mixing in Transient Responses of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in an Enhanced Freshwater Perturbation Experiment
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Yu Lei; Gao Yong-Qi; Helge Drange; et al. - Science Press, 2010It has been reported recently that the simulated Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) using the coupled Bergen climate model (BCM) showed initial intensity declines followed by gradual recoveries over a 150-year enhanced freshwater input experiment. Stratification-dependent oceanic diapycnal mixing has been hypothesized as a reason for the simulated recovery of the AMOC. This study investigated the role of diapycnal mixing in transient responses of simulated AMOCs. Our results showed that stratification-dependent diapycnal mixing can cause stronger upwelling of deep water in the ...
Verification of NCEP-GFS model forecast versus NCEP/CPC RFE over DRCONGO from October to December 2008 : NOAA Project Report
Kalaki Kasongo Ado - NOAA, 2009Introduction: Model verification is an essential part of a Weather Prediction system. It is a helpful knowledge to enhance the forecaster’s assessment in Weather bulletin production. The aim of this study is to compare the global Forecast system (GFS) model rainfall prediction accumulated for 24 hours and averaged over October, November and December 2008 with the African Rain Fall Estimate (RFE 2.0) (Love et al.,2002) over DRCongo and the neighboring areas (from 15S to 6N latitudes and from 10E to 32E longitudes) fig.0.
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N°44 (Vol. 13, No. 1) - January 2008 - Furthering the science of ocean climate modelling
is an issue of Exchanges. International CLIVAR Project Office, 2008
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56 - November 2008 - Estimation of the Future Distribution of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Using the CMIP3 Multi-model Ensemble Mean
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Mizuta Ryo; Adachi Yukimasa; Yukimoto Seiji; et al. - Meteorological Research Institute, 2008
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WCRP, 128. Assessment of global precipitation products : a project of the World Climate Research Programme Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Radiation Panel
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Levizzani Vincenzo; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); et al. - WMO, 2008 (WMO/TD-No. 1430)This report is a synthesis of the current state of knowledge in measurements of global precipitation, a major component of the global water and energy cycle that influences significantly the Earth’s climate system, and in turn is affected by the climate system variability and change. It is a comprehensive assessment of the current global precipitation data records which have been assembled by combining observations from space-based and in situ measurements. These long-term records include observations over the land and oceans for a period of 25 years. The report describes in detail how these p ...
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Seasonal prediction of sea surface temperatures anomalies using a suite of 13 coupled atmosphere-ocean models
Improved seasonal prediction of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the global oceans is the theme of this paper. Using 13 state-of-the-art coupled global atmosphere-ocean models and 13 yr of seasonal forecasts, the performance of individual models, the ensemble mean, the bias-removed ensemble mean, and the Florida State University (FSU) superensemble are compared. A total of 23 400 seasonal forecasts based on 1-month lead times were available for this study. Evaluation metrics include both deterministic and probabilistic skill measures, such as verification of anomalies based on mode ...
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