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Global distribution of sea salt aerosols: new constraints from in situ and remote sensing observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 7. Jaeglé L.; Quinn P.K.; Bates T.S.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011We combine in situ measurements of sea salt aerosols (SS) from open ocean cruises and ground-based stations together with aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations from MODIS and AERONET, and the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model to provide new constraints on SS emissions over the world's oceans. We find that the GEOS-Chem model using the Gong (2003) source function overestimates cruise observations of coarse mode SS mass concentrations by factors of 2–3 at high wind speeds over the cold waters of the Southern, North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Furthermore, the model systematical ...
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Impact of model grid spacing on regional- and urban- scale air quality predictions of organic aerosol
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 7. Stroud C.A.; Makar P.A.; Moran M.D.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Regional-scale chemical transport model predictions of urban organic aerosol to date tend to be biased low relative to observations, a limitation with important implications for applying such models to human exposure health studies. We used a nested version of Environment Canada's AURAMS model (42- to- 15- to- 2.5-km nested grid spacing) to predict organic aerosol concentrations for a temporal and spatial domain corresponding to the Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study (BAQS-Met), an air-quality field study that took place in the southern Great Lakes region in the summer of 2007. The use o ...
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A new method for retrieval of the extinction coefficient of water clouds by using the tail of the CALIOP signal
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Li J.; Hu Y.; Huang J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011A method is developed based on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) level 1 attenuated backscatter profile data for deriving the mean extinction coefficient of water droplets close to cloud top. The method is applicable to low level (cloud top <2 km), opaque water clouds in which the lidar signal is completely attenuated beyond about 100 m of penetration into the cloud. The photo multiplier tubes (PMTs) of the 532 nm detectors (parallel and perpendicular polarizations) of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) both exhibit a non-id ...
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Assessing the role of economic instruments in a policy mix for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision : a review of some methodological challenges
In the context of the EU 2010 goal of halting biodiversity loss, researchers have been called upon to evaluate the role of economic instruments for cost-effective decision-making, as well as non-market methods to assess their benefits. This paper reviews a number of methodological challenges of evaluating and designing economic instruments aimed at biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision in an existing policy mix. The study draws on experiences from Brazil and Costa Rica.
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39 - February 2000 - Study on the objective forecasting techniques
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Meteorological Research Institute, 2000
If the Price is Right- Development of a Methodology for Valuing Hydrologic Data : In 23rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium
Increasing restrictions on public funding for hydrologic data collection, and a trend over recent years for data collection activities to be driven by current specific use projects, have highlighted more than ever before the need to systematically assess the value of the benefits derived from the collection of hydrologic data. A most important aspect of this need is to make sensible, realistic estimates of the economic value of sll,ch benefits in dollar terms for current as well as for future uses of hydrologic data. Previous attempts to achieve this have been of limited practical application, ...
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Technical reports in hydrology and water resources, 51. Management overview of flood forecasting systems (MOFFS), Version 3
A points weighting method which enables the facilities and performance of individual flood forecasting systems to be simply described, monitored and assessed for management purposes.
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Informes técnicos de hydrología y recursos hídricos, 51. Análisis de la gestión de los sistemas de predicción de crecidas (MOFFS), versión 3
Método de puntuación que permite describir, controlar y evaluar con fines de gestión las instalaciones y el rendimiento de los distintos sistemas de predicción de crecidas.
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Rapports techniques sur l'hydrologie et les ressources en eau, 51. Evaluation globale de la gestion des systèmes de prévision des crues (MOFFS), Version 3
Méthode simple d'évaluation par points permettant de décrire, de contrôler et d'évaluer les outils d'un système individuel de prévision de crue et leur efficacité en vue de sa gestion.
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