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Adaptation to climate change in the southern mediterranean: a theoretical framework, a foresight analysis and three case studies
This report addresses the main policy relevant questions about climate change adaptation in the Mediterranean region and provides answers based on a theoretical framework applied to the case of three Mediterranean countries, namely Türkyie, Egypt and Tunisia. The first sections deals with adaptation to climate change from a theoretical viewpoint, covering not only economic issues, but also fairness and international agreements on mitigation and adaptation.
The second part makes use of the conceptual framework developed in the theoretical discussion to analyse the adaptation-rel ...
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The year of recurring disasters: a review of natural disasters in 2012
This report examines four topics: (i) disasters in 2012, with a focus on recurring disasters; (ii) the role of regional organizations in disaster risk management; (iii) wildfires; and (iv) the important role of women in disaster risk management. It highlights the value given by governments and other actors in working together to prevent disasters and, to a lesser extent, to respond to disasters occurring in the region. It also features the development of strong regional initiatives and different mechanisms for encouraging collaboration, including frameworks for disaster risk reduction, regiona ...
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USAEE Working Paper, 13-105. Mitigating climate change in Nigeria: fuel subsidy removal as a possible policy option
Abraham Terfa Williams - SSRN, 2013This paper argues that policies that discourage the demand for non-renewable energy can be used to cut down CO2 emission as it would help to discourage consumption patterns away non-renewable energy sources. The transmission mechanism can be deduced from the high price that the withdrawal of fuel subsidy would bring and the resultant downward adjustment in non-renewable energy use in consumption and production (such as emission from vehicles) which would bring about reduction in total emission. The study focused on Nigeria as a significant oil producing country in Sub Saharan Africa and employ ...
WCDMP, 81. WMO Workshop on Climate Monitoring including the Implementation of a Climate Watch System in RA I with focus on eastern and southern Africa
Congress during its sixteenth session in 2011 welcomed the decision of the Commission for Climatology during its fifteenth session in 2010 for improving WMO Climate System Monitoring including related methodologies and dissemination of monitoring reports for timely information on extreme weather and climate events occurring on large scale and having high socioeconomic impacts. A brochure called "Assessment of the observed extreme conditions during the 2009/2010 boreal winter" was published by WMO in 2010 and is now followed by this supplement to the WMO annual statement on the status of the g ...
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Uganda climate change vulnerability assessment report
This assessment was conducted in 2012. Field research focused on Gulu, Lira, Luweero, Mbale, Isingiro, and Kasese, USAID/Feed the Future priority districts that include important cropping systems, represent different agro-ecological zones, and are near weather stations that have collected consistent rainfall and temperature data for a long period of time.
The research and analysis show how current climate patterns shape – and how future climate patterns may influence – key crop value chains and the livelihoods of households that depend on them.
ASMET 7: Detecting Clear Air Turbulence Over Southern Africa
Turbulence is a major concern for the aviation industry. It often goes undetected in cloud-free areas, catching pilots off guard when they fly into it. Turbulence can injure passengers and crew, and cause structural damage to aircraft. This makes it critical for aviation weather forecasters to closely monitor the atmosphere for signs of turbulence and issue special warnings when it is likely to be present. This lesson helps prepare forecasters for these tasks by providing general information about turbulence and showing them how to detect it using satellite imagery, tephigrams, and NWP product ...
ASMET 7: Forecasting Fog for Aviation: Kenya Case Study
This lesson aims to improve aviation forecasts of fog in the African airspace by teaching forecasters to make more accurate forecasts using satellite imagery, numerical weather prediction, and other available data. A process for diagnosing and forecasting fog is presented and applied to a case over the Nairobi, Kenya region. Learners assume the role of aviation forecaster, analysing various products to determine whether the current Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) is valid or needs to be amended. The lesson is intended for aviation forecasters, general weather forecasters interested in aviati ...
Assessment of prone areas to heavy rainfall in Tanzania and its associate circulation anomalies during march-may rainfall season
Mafuru Kantamla Biseke - College of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 2013Tanzania is one among the most other sub-Sahara African countries where Agriculture production is strongly depending on rainfall, a key factor which determine the livelihood of 70% of the total population. An adequate amount of rainfall per season reasonably help the farmer to accomplish his/her goal in a positive way, while an excessive amount of rainfall impacts on both people’s livelihood and agricultural production leading into reduction in manpower and nation’s GDP. In recent years, Tanzania suffered a successive scenario of heavy rainfall over different areas of the country, the majority ...
Rainfall and temperature characteristic over Zambia
Temperature and rainfall are important elements of climate Zambia where several sectors of the economy depend mostly on water resources. Zambia normally receives the bulk of its annual rainfall from November to March (NDJFM) as the ITCZ moves south and experience high temperatures. The major objective of the study was to investigate the rainfall and temperature characteristic over Zambia.
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Before disaster strikes: transformations in practice and policy
This series of regional best practice reports presenting best practices in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation based on the discussions and recommendations of more than 120 experts from around the world involved in the CATALYST Project: Capacity Development for Hazard Risk Reduction and Adaptation". The papers present the best actions needed to build capacity in DRR and adaptation, and to improve early planning of regional strategies against natural hazards.
To avoid the one-size-fits-all approach to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, ...
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Supporting the vulnerable : Increasing adaptive capacities of agropastoralists to climate change in West and southern Africa using a transdisciplinary research approach
This publication seeks to identify promoted policy entry points to support the implementation of priority adaptation strategies, and identifies policy mechanisms as appropriate interventions to allow agropastoralists to buffer the effects of climate variability and change. The purpose of this project is to co-generate methods, information and solutions between local communities, local and international scientists, policymakers and other actors involved in climate change and adaptation programs, for coping mechanisms and adapting strategies to climate change and variability in West and Southern ...
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Fact sheet. Project: Promotion and Intensification of Fruit Trees in Agricultural Farm Lands for Mitigation and Adaption to Climate Change
The main objective of this strategic intervention is to reduce the impacts of climate change and land degradation on rural farm lands by intensifying the production of fruit trees. This will generate income and help farmers adapt to climate change.
Most farmland areas are devoid of plantations and natural vegetation forests making them susceptible to the impacts of climate change. These areas could experience more soil erosion because of the reduced rainfall and the increase in temperature. The introduction of fruit trees on the farmland or near the households could create a greener env ...
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Conflict management and disaster risk reduction: a case study of Kenya
2013This report explores the links between disaster risk reduction and conflict prevention, with a specific focus on Kenya. The overall objective is to develop a livelihoods approach to understanding and reducing the risk of households and communities who have been, or are likely to be, affected by disasters. Conflict is linked to livelihoods through both cause and effect pathways, but the linkages between conflict mitigation and disaster risk reduction at the level of policy and program are limited. This study seeks to understand those linkages at the community level, and strengthen the policy co ...
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Insuring countries against natural disasters: pool rules
IFPRI, 2013This brief summarizes the key lessons that have emerged from a cost-benefit analysis of the African Risk Capacity (ARC) pool, a proposed pan-Africa drought risk pool that would insure against drought risk in Africa south of the Sahara, and discusses how these lessons can be more broadly applied to other cross-country pools.
It proposes 8 key lessons: (i) governments need to make a clear commitment to rules-based disbursement of claim payments; (ii) insurance mechanisms should focus on large infrequent payments, with other systems handling smaller, more frequent events; (iii) th ...
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The geography of poverty, disasters and climate extremes in 2030
ODI, 2013This report examines the relationship between disasters and poverty. It concludes that, without concerted action, there could be up to 325 million extremely poor people living in the 49 countries most exposed to the full range of natural hazards and climate extremes in 2030. It maps out where the poorest people are likely to live and develops a range of scenarios to identify potential patterns of vulnerability to extreme weather and earthquakes – who is going to be vulnerable and why. These scenarios are dynamic: they consider how the threats may change, which countries face the greatest risk ...
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Using climate information to support adaptation planning and policy-making: A practical case study in Bagamoyo District, coastal Tanzania
This case study is designed to provide a practical example of how to use climate information to support adaptation planning and policy-making. The paper focuses on the Bagamoyo district in coastal Tanzania. Local livelihoods are mostly based on natural resources, including small-scale agriculture, seaweed farming, traditional fishing and small-scale eco-tourism. People living on the coast report that climate variability and climate change are affecting their lives due to factors such as unreliable timing and intensity of rainfall, major flooding and sea-level rise. These impacts have increased ...
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Disaster risk reduction in the Omusati and Oshana regions of Namibia: In Jàmbá - Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1
Namibia often experiences heavy rains in the north and north-eastern parts of the country, which can result in severe flooding. For this reason, the country has endorsed the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) which seeks to develop the resilience of nations and communities to disasters and to assist countries to move away from the approach of emergency response to one of integrated disaster risk reduction. The aim of this article is to assess the resilience of the communities within the identified regions. A quantitative questionnaire was designed to assess people at risk of disaster related imp ...
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Southern African Agriculture and Climate Change
With agriculture being the main source of both employment and income for southern Africa’s rural population, there is great concern regarding the potential impact of climate change. This study, produced by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), represents a comprehensive analysis of ways to foster agricultural development and food security to reduce such impacts. Several weather-based scenarios have been developed by the authors, describing how climate change may affect the region up to 2050. National contributors from Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swa ...
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Exploring opportunities for climate change adaptation in semi arid areas of Tanzania: A case of Nzega District in Tabora region: In African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
The University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania through the Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA) implemented a three years research program to study the implications of climate change on natural and social systems in three agro-ecolocilal zones in Tanzania. The paper presents findings obtained from one of the zones studied.
The study was conducted in two villages: Upungwe and Mbogwe located in Nzega District, Tabora region. Interviews with a sample size of 99 people – 10 per cent of the total number of households – were used. A total of 40 people were involved in focus group discussions – ...
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Regional compendium: regional outcomes and priorities for disaster risk reduction 2012–2013
UN/ISDR, 2013This document features the main outcomes of regional platform meetings and ministerial conferences and provides an overview of recent regional priorities in disaster risk reduction and resilience-building. It provides a list of regional platforms held in 2012–2013, outlines the value of regional platforms and provides a short analysis of common trends.
Details from each regional platform form the main body of the document, including: (i) a background; (ii) a summary of outcomes and recommendations; (iii) regional input into the Fourth Session of the Global Platform for Disaster ...
Southern African agriculture and climate change: a comprehensive analysis
This study analyzes the range of plausible impacts of climate change by the year 2050, focusing almost entirely on crops. It builds on previous research that focused on regional and global effects of climate change. The first chapter provides a regional overview for southern Africa. Eight chapters look at the effects of climate change on eight countries in southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It is intended to provide policymakers and others concerned with climate change, agriculture, and food policy with guidance on the range o ...
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Disaster risk reduction and livelihoods
FIC, 2013This study seeks to improve the overall knowledge of the relationship between disaster risk reduction (DRR) and livelihood strategies, to improve the understanding and gaps in knowledge, practice, and policy, and to improve the impact of donor-funded DRR programs carried out by implementing agencies. The report is organized as follows: (i) a comprehensive literature review on existing DRR practices is included, identifying gaps that should be explored in future research; (ii) the Haiti case study explores financial resilience in urban settings; (iii) the Nepal case study looks at traditional D ...
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Disaster risk reduction management in the drylands in the Horn of Africa
Fitzgibbon Catherine; Crosskey Alexandra; Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) ; et al. - FAO, 2013This technical brief argues that disaster risk reduction (DRR) interventions should not only focus on addressing the hazards that causes disasters but should also encompass actions that reduce vulnerability to disaster risk and build local capacity to cope. It identifies good practice in DRR interventions and illustrates how risk-reduction considerations can be systematically incorporated into all development and humanitarian policies and programming.
The demography of adaptation to climate change
UNFPA, 2013The document consolidates the knowledge, methods, and practices that emerged from the 2010 expert group meeting entitled "Population Dynamics and Climate Change II: Building for Adaptation" organized by UNFPA, IIED and the Colegio de México in Mexico City.
It intends to catalyze action in global, national and local communities around a more informed, data driven adaptation process, and to bring together disparate disciplines, from environment science to planning to social science and beyond. The use of spatial data is at the core of this agenda.
It is divided in ...
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Organizational and institutional issues in climate change adaptation and risk management
IFPRI, 2013This report explores the challenges and opportunities for building human, organizational, and institutional capacity for more effective climate change adaptation in developing countries. It particularly focuses on climate change issues related to the agriculture sector and rural livelihoods in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Mali.
The report is part of a larger research project titled “Enhancing women’s assets to manage risk under climate change: potential for group-based approaches,” which is being conducted to help organizations better understand ways in which development pr ...
Farmers’ response and their adaptation strategies to climate change in Mafeteng District, Lesotho
This study assesses the response of farmers to climate change, impacts of climate change to their livelihoods, and the potential of the three agricultural systems, agro-forestry, conservation agriculture and conventional agriculture, as adaptation strategies to climate change in Ts’akholo and Kolo communities in Mafeteng District, Lesotho. The study has contributed to knowledge in the field of global environmental change and its relationship with agriculture, food security and general livelihoods, especially for farmers and policy-makers in Lesotho.
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The cost of adapting to climate change in Ethiopia: sector-wise and macro-economic estimates
Robinson S.; Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) ; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) - EDRI, 2013This paper uses spatially-explicit analyses of climate change effects on selected key sectors of Ethiopia’s economy to estimate both sector-wise and economy-wide estimates of impacts and adaptation costs. It also provides sector-specific insights on impacts and adaptation options in agriculture, road transport, and hydropower. In particular, rapid development of Ethiopia’s hydro-potential, upgrading of the road design standards, and gradual diversification of the economy away from the more climate vulnerable sectors are likely to be important elements of any climate-resilient development strat ...
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Using climate information to support adaptation planning and policy-making: a step-by-step guide
This guide describes how weADAPT can be used together with the Climate Information Portal (CIP) to quickly and easily access climate data for many locations across Africa, using an interactive map. By linking the two portals, users are able to see climate data context and find data to support their own research, project planning or policy design in a specified place or area.
The document offers a step-by-step guide to using the linked resources through weADAPT and CIP, including: defining the question; searching nearby climate stations and uploaded data; historical data accessed ...
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Analysis of farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change in cocoa production in Kwara State: In Journal of Agricultural Extension, Vol. 17 (1), June 2013
Agbongiarhuoyi A.E. - 2013Changing climate and weather patterns are predicted to have severe negative impacts on food production, food security and natural resources in the immediate and coming years. Climate change alters the development of cocoa pods, insect pests and pathogens which translate into lower crop yields and impact farm income. This study examined the climate change adaptation strategies of cocoa producing farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria.
Findings include: most farmers observed an extension beyond the normal dry months: November-February. The main climate change strategies adopted by farmers includ ...
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Developing a methodology to evaluate climate services for farmers in Africa and South Asia workshop report
CCAFS, 2013This report summarizes the proceedings of the international expert roundtable on “Developing a Methodology to Evaluate Climate Services for Farmers in Africa and South Asia” held in Kaffrine, Senegal on May 19-25, 2013. The roundtable brought together global experts in the area of gender-responsive impact assessment for farmers, to develop a useable monitoring and evaluation (M&E) protocol to guide baseline data collection, identify the locally-specific function, benefits, and beneficiaries of climate services, and measure the added-value of climate services for farmers. This protocol links to ...
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New pathways to resistance: outcomes of the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa research and capacity building program 2006-2012
This report presents a brief and interactive summary of the Climate Change in Africa research and capacity program’s chief contributions. It provides a guided tour of the program’s efforts and legacy – its aims and means, the principal outcomes of the funding and mentoring it provided to African researchers, and the lessons it offers for future adaptation efforts in Africa and elsewhere. Throughout this report, there are links to programme and project resources, and directions for delving further into its scientific findings.
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Unlocking the power of local knowledge : a novel framework to cost community-based adaptation to climate change
Current approaches to identify the costs and benefits of adaptation are primarily quantitative, using top-down methodologies that may grossly underestimate the true costs. This policy brief argues that global policies require credible evidence from the local level. Given that a single generic adaptation model is unworkable, the policy brief introduces a new analytical costing framework – Participatory Social Return on Investment (PSROI) – which has been piloted successfully in subsistence farming communities in East and West Africa.
Although the Kenyan example is very specific, the PSRO ...
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China and south-south scoping assessment for adaptation, learning and development
This report, produced by Adapting to Climate Change in China amongst others, identifies key opportunities and avenues for South-South learning and cooperation to address climate change, is a critical tool for international development organisations, national governments and policy-makers. It outlines how best to channel resources to share China's and developing countries' experiences of integrating climate adaptation into the development process, thereby facilitating developing countries’ improved adaptation, learning from each other and avoiding the risk of maladaptation to climate change. Th ...
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Agricultural water storage in an era of climate change: assessing need and effectiveness in Africa
This report, produced by the International Water Management Institute of Sri Lanka, describes different agricultural water storage options and some of the possible implications of climate change. It also describes the development of a simple diagnostic tool, based on a set of biophysical and demographic indicators, which can be used to provide a rapid (first-cut) evaluation of the need and effectiveness of different water storage options, under existing and possible future climate conditions.
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Compendium of IOM activities on disaster risk reduction and resilience
IOM, 2013This compendium presents the state-of-the-art approach to mobility and disaster to practitioners and policy-makers in the risk reduction and migration community. The analysis is based on IOM’s extensive achievements in the field: 257 disaster-related projects in 31 countries from early 2009 to early 2013 for a total over USD 720 million, supporting at least 23 million individuals exposed to, or affected by, natural hazards.
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Climate Communication for Adaptation: In Joto Afrika, Issue 12 June 2013
2013Farmers and pastoralists, as well as policy makers, development and humanitarian programmes in Africa are searching for the best ways to adapt to the impacts of climate variability and change. Changes in seasonal rainfall patterns and more unpredictable, severe and frequent extreme events like floods and droughts are already being observed, threatening livelihoods in vulnerable communities.
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Sierra Leone youth-led community-based disaster risk reduction
YCI, 2013This report summarizes lessons learnt from the Y Care International supported Sierra Leone YMCA project to carry out a disaster risk reduction (DRR) pilot project in two urban slum communities of Freetown in 2012. The project is a good example of youth participation in DRR, collaboration with other agencies, and learning through research on youth volunteerism. The aim of this pilot project was to learn the best ways of reducing the risk of disasters such as flooding and cholera in urban slum communities of Freetown through involving young people in preparing for, carrying out activities to red ...
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Climate Change, growth, and Poverty in Ethiopia
Climate change is now a global phenomenon with growth, poverty, food security, and stability implications. Because of significant dependence on the agricultural sector for production, employment, and export revenues, Ethiopia is seriously threatened by climate change, which contributes to frequent drought, flooding, and rising average temperatures. To examine the impact of climate change on agricultural production and to quantify the resulting lost output, this study conducts a time series analysis using country and regional level data. The econometric application on the appropriate production ...
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ESSP Working Paper, 53. The cost of adapting to climate change in Ethiopia: sector-wise and macro-economic estimates
This paper uses spatially - explicit analyses of climate change effects on selected key sectors of Ethiopia’s economy to analyse both sector-wise and economy-wide estimates of impacts and adaptation costs. Using four models to bracket the uncertainty surrounding future climate outcomes, the paper finds that by 2050 climate change could cause GDP to be eight to ten per cent smaller than under a no-climate change baseline; it could induce a two-fold increase in variability of growth in agriculture; and it would affect more severely the poor and certain parts of the country. The paper also finds ...
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Report on the national platform for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, 14th may, 2013
Ghana - Government, 2013This document report on a meeting that brought together chairpersons of the Technical Committees, representatives from various ministries, departments, agencies, and other stakeholders, to discuss the progress of the national platform of Ghana and to deliberate on the way forward. It presents: (i) the National Co-ordinators opening address; (ii) a statement on behalf of the United Nations Country Representative; (iii) an overview of platform performance; (iv) a discussion of the Ghana action plan on disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA); (v) the achievements of the ...
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Business and disaster risk reduction: good practices and case studies
UN/ISDR, 2013This publication contains 14 good practices and case studies that have been compiled by the Private Sector Advisory Group of the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). Each of the 14 examples applies one or more of the five essentials for business in their pursuit of disaster risk reduction. It presents the various types of collaboration and cooperation, core to the all five essentials, that are positioned as critical in minimizing or potentially eliminating disasters as well as disasters’ effects on people, property and ultimately, the health, economy and resilience of wo ...
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Better laws, safer communities? Emerging themes on how legislation can support disaster risk reduction
IFRC, 2013This short pamphlet sets out some preliminary findings from a 2-year comparative study of legislation for disaster risk reduction in 26 countries.
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Indigenous peoples and climate change in Africa : Case studies exploring climate change impacts on indigenous peoples in Namibia and their adaptation strategies
Through two participatory case studies, this paper examines the impact of climate change on the indigenous peoples of Namibia. The objectives of the case studies are three-fold: to document how the indigenous peoples are affected by climate change; to analyse how they perceive, adapt to and leverage opportunities from climate change; and provide recommendations for strengthening the indigenous peoples’ engagement in national and international public climate change policy.
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Farmers’ perceptions and adaptations to climate change in sub-Saharan Africa: a synthesis of empirical studies and implications for public policy in African agriculture: In Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 5, No. 4
The problem of climate change in Africa has the potential of undermining sustainable development efforts if steps are not taken to respond to its adverse consequences. This study reviews existing and available literature on farmers’ perceptions and adaptations to climate change in sub-Sahara Africa.
It is evident that the majority of farmers in sub-Sahara Africa are aware of warmer temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. To respond to these changes, farmers have adopted crop diversification, planting different crop varieties, changing planting and harvesting dates to corres ...
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National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Baseline Scenarios : Learning from Experiences in Developing Countries
Xenarios Stefanos - RiceClima, 2013This report aims rather to contribute to a better understanding of the issues and challenges involved in drawing up baseline scenarios, by documenting and drawing lessons from the breadth of existing practices in a range of countries. This existing diversity is both a key asset for gradually increasing the robustness of baseline scenarios, but also the reason for a lack of comparability.
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Farmers' perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies in northern Nigeria: an empirical assessment
This study examines farmer's perception of the causes, constraints and strategies towards effective climate change adaptation in northern Nigeria. Data were collected from 500 respondents using both qualitative and quantitative approaches through a multistage random sampling technique. The study results show that the respondents were informed of the incidence of climate change as regards uncertainties in terms of higher temperatures, unpredictability of rainfall patterns, extreme weather events and increased farming problems such as loss of soil fertility. Respondents perceived the causes of c ...
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Climate resilience and disaster risk management: stories of change from CDKN
This brief presents results from projects supported by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) to assess vulnerability and mainstream climate resilience into development planning. Case studies from India, Ghana and Colombia illustrate the importance of involving diverse social groups in defining and monitoring vulnerability and delivering adaptation solutions. The paper highlights the use of innovative techniques such as role-playing games to raise people’s awareness of the tough challenges posed by decision-making in a changing climate. Examples include: an initiative to protect ...
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Synthesis report on consultations on the post-2015 framework on disaster risk reduction (HFA2)
UN/ISDR, 2013This synthesis report provides countries and all stakeholders with an overview of the issues emerging to date on the consultations and development of a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction (HFA2). The key purpose of this report is to provide the basis for continued consultations, and to inform a draft HFA2 following the Fourth Session of the Global Platform in May 2013.
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