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Dégradation, le prix fort
Spore: le magazine du développement agricole et rural des pays ACP, N°151. CTA, 2011Selon une déclaration du gouvernement tanzanien, le coût de l’érosion des sols et de la dégradation forestière en Tanzanie dépasse à présent le tiers du PIB du pays.
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in Spore: le magazine du développement agricole et rural des pays ACP > N°151 (Février-Mars 2011) . - 1 p.Selon une déclaration du gouvernement tanzanien, le coût de l’érosion des sols et de la dégradation forestière en Tanzanie dépasse à présent le tiers du PIB du pays.
Language(s): French; Other Languages: English, Portuguese
Format: DigitalTags: Environment and landscape ; Deforestation ; Erosion ; Soils ; United Republic of Tanzania
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Degradação, um preço alto a pagar
Esporo, N° 151. CTA, 2011Os custos decorrentes da erosão do solo e da degradação florestal na Tanzânia ascendem actualmente a mais de um terço do produto interno bruto do país, segundo fontes governamentais.
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in Esporo > N° 151 (Fevereiro-Março 2011) . - 1 p.Os custos decorrentes da erosão do solo e da degradação florestal na Tanzânia ascendem actualmente a mais de um terço do produto interno bruto do país, segundo fontes governamentais.
Language(s): Portuguese; Other Languages: English, French
Format: DigitalTags: Deforestation ; Environment and landscape ; Erosion ; Soils ; United Republic of Tanzania
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Mesoscale convective systems observed during AMMA and their impact on the NOx and O3 budget over West Africa
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Huntrieser H.; Schlager H.; Lichtenstern M.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011During the "African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis" (AMMA) field phase in August 2006, a variety of measurements focusing on deep convection were performed over West Africa. The German research aircraft Falcon based in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) investigated the chemical composition in the outflow of large mesoscale convective systems (MCS). Here we analyse two different types of MCS originating north and south of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ, ~10° N), respectively. In addition to the airborne trace gas measurements, stroke measurements from the Lightning Location Network (LINE ...
[article]Mesoscale convective systems observed during AMMA and their impact on the NOx and O3 budget over West Africa
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Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2503-2011
H. Huntrieser ; H. Schlager ; M. Lichtenstern ; P. Stock ; T. Hamburger ; H. Höller ; K. Schmidt ; H.-D. Betz ; A. Ulanovsky ; F. Ravegnani
in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) > Vol. 11. N° 3 [03/01/2011] . - p.2503-2536During the "African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis" (AMMA) field phase in August 2006, a variety of measurements focusing on deep convection were performed over West Africa. The German research aircraft Falcon based in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) investigated the chemical composition in the outflow of large mesoscale convective systems (MCS). Here we analyse two different types of MCS originating north and south of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ, ~10° N), respectively. In addition to the airborne trace gas measurements, stroke measurements from the Lightning Location Network (LINET), set up in Northern Benin, are analysed. The main focus of the present study is (1) to analyse the trace gas composition (CO, O3, NO, NOx, NOy, and HCHO) in the convective outflow as a function of distance from the convective core, (2) to investigate how different trace gas compositions in the boundary layer (BL) and ambient air may influence the O3 concentration in the convective outflow, and (3) to estimate the rate of lightning-produced nitrogen oxides per flash in selected thunderstorms and compare it to our previous results for the tropics. The MCS outflow was probed at different altitudes (~10–12 km) and distances from the convective core (<500 km). Trace gas signatures similar to the conditions in the MCS inflow region were observed in the outflow close to the convective core, due to efficient vertical transport. In the fresh MCS outflow, low O3 mixing ratios in the range of 35–40 nmol mol−1 were observed. Further downwind, O3 mixing ratios in the outflow rapidly increased with distance, due to mixing with the ambient O3-rich air. After 2–3 h, O3 mixing ratios in the range of ~65 nmol mol−1 were observed in the aged outflow. Within the fresh MCS outflow, mean NOx (=NO+NO2) mixing ratios were in the range of ~0.3–0.4 nmol mol−1 (peaks ~1 nmol mol−1) and only slightly enhanced compared to the background. Both lightning-produced NOx (LNOx) and NOx transported upward from the BL contributed about equally to this enhancement. On the basis of Falcon measurements, the mass flux of LNOx in the investigated MCS was estimated to be ~100 g(N) s−1. The average stroke rate of the probed thunderstorms was 0.04–0.07 strokes s−1 (here only strokes with peak currents ≥10 kA contributing to LNOx were considered). The LNOx mass flux and the stroke rate were combined to estimate the LNOx production rate. For a better comparison with other published results, LNOx estimates per LINET stroke were scaled to Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) flashes. The LNOx production rate per LIS flash was estimated to 1.0 and 2.5 kg(N) for the MCS located south and north of the ITCZ, respectively. If we assume, that these different types of MCS are typical thunderstorms occurring globally (LIS flash rate ~44 s−1), the annual global LNOx production rate was estimated to be ~1.4 and 3.5 Tg(N) a−1.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Region I - Africa ; West Africa ; Atmosphere ; Atmospheric circulation ; Monsoon
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Hydroponie: cultiver hors-sol
Spore: le magazine du développement agricole et rural des pays ACP, N°150. CTA, 2011Faire pousser les plantes dans des solutions nutritives : le procédé intéresse de plus en plus certains pays ACP. Les légumes hydroponiques sont prolifiques et toujours fiables, et ils ont besoin de moins de terre et d’eau. La culture hors-sol a néanmoins un coût.
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in Spore: le magazine du développement agricole et rural des pays ACP > N°150 (Décembre 2010 - Janvier 2011) . - 1 p.Faire pousser les plantes dans des solutions nutritives : le procédé intéresse de plus en plus certains pays ACP. Les légumes hydroponiques sont prolifiques et toujours fiables, et ils ont besoin de moins de terre et d’eau. La culture hors-sol a néanmoins un coût.
Language(s): French; Other Languages: English, Portuguese
Format: DigitalTags: Agricultural environment ; Agriculture ; Region I - Africa
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Dennis Garrity: cultiver sous la canopée
Spore: le magazine du développement agricole et rural des pays ACP, N°150. CTA, 2011Depuis des générations, les agriculteurs africains cultivent sous les arbres. Cette forme d’agroforesterie appelée agriculture persistante procure de meilleurs rendements, des revenus issus des produits forestiers et, potentiellement, des marchés du carbone.
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in Spore: le magazine du développement agricole et rural des pays ACP > N°150 (Décembre 2010 - Janvier 2011) . - 1 p.Depuis des générations, les agriculteurs africains cultivent sous les arbres. Cette forme d’agroforesterie appelée agriculture persistante procure de meilleurs rendements, des revenus issus des produits forestiers et, potentiellement, des marchés du carbone.
Language(s): French; Other Languages: English, Portuguese
Format: DigitalTags: Agricultural environment ; Agriculture ; Forest ; Region I - Africa
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World Weather Records, 1991-2000, volumes I-VI
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; U.S. Department of Commerce ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - WMO, 2011World Weather Records (WWR) have been published since 1927, and include monthly mean values of pressure, temperature, precipitation, and where available, station metadata notes documenting observation practices and station configurations. Data were supplied by National Meteorological Services as members of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
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Addressing Climate Change Challenges in Africa: a Practical Guide towards Sustainable Development
AMCEN, 2011In recognition of AMCEN’s mandate which includes guidance in respect of key issues related to multilateral environmental agreements, African governments requested that AMCEN should facilitate the provision of information to countries that would assist them towards translating available climate science and current international climate policies in their effort to move towards practical implementation in the context of sustainable development. This Guidebook has therefore been prepared towards this end and will inform on climate change matters including science, governance, technological, financ ...
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Presentations - UNFCCC Workshop on Identification of Gaps and Challenges of Risk Management Approaches to the Adverse Effects of Climate Change
UNFCCC, 2011The SBI at its 33rd session requested the secretariat to organize, before its thirty-fifth session, a workshop to identify gaps and challenges in the implementation of risk management approaches to the adverse effects of climate change, building on the lessons learned and practical experience of international, regional and national organizations and the private sector.
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Terre, eau, et forêts: ressorts d’un développement à l’épreuve du changement climatique en Afrique
FEM, 2011
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CAgM Report, 104. Agrometeorological Services: Reaching All Farmers with Operational Information Products iIn New Educational Commitments
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Southern Africa - Floods and Cyclones Overview of 2010/2011 Rainfall Season : December 2010 to May 2011
OCHA, 2011I. HIGHLIGHTS/KEY PRIORITIES
· In total, an estimated 708,000 people were affected by floods and/or storms in southern Africa this rainfall season, with 314,361 either displaced or evacuated and 477 people killed.
· In comparison with the previous four seasons, the 2010/2011 flood season was average in terms of number of people affected, although the number of deaths was markedly high.
· Heavy rains early in the season affected Mozambique, South Africa and Lesotho. South Africa, which is usually not seriously affected by flooding, experienced large-scale devastation.
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Real-time evaluation of Norway’s international climate and forest initiative, contributions to national REDD+ processes 2007-2010: country report: Tanzania
In April 2008, Norway and Tanzania signed a letter of intent on a climate change partnership focused on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). The current paper reviews Norwegian-supported programmes on adaptation and mitigation of climate change in Tanzania, trying to find out how fruitful this partnership has been.
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Real-time evaluation of Norway’s international climate and forest initiative : contributions to national REDD+ Processes 2007-2010, country report - Democratic Republic of Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a high forest cover – low deforestation rate country emerging from a long period of political and civil instability that eroded public and social institutions. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the Norwegian support to the formulation and implementation of a national strategy for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in DRC.
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ASMET: Satellite Precipitation Products for Hydrological Management in Southern Africa
This module introduces a variety of meteorological and hydrological products that can improve the quality of heavy rainfall forecasts and assist with hydrological management during extensive precipitation events in Southern Africa. Among the products are the satellite-based ASCAT, SMOS, and ASAR GM soil moisture products and the hydro-estimator. The products are presented within the context of a case, the flooding of South Africa's Vaal Dam region in 2009/2010.
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Diagnosis of September-November Droughts/Floods over Uganda and the associated circulation anomalies
Uganda has experienced a number of extreme weather and climate events in the form of floods and droughts. In a number of cases, flood events associated with heavy rainfall have been followed immediately by droughts that tend to persist for several seasons. These events have always had devastating impacts on various sectors of the country's economy. The impacts include destruction of infrastructure, loss of life and property and many other far reaching socio-economic impacts. The impact of these extreme events can be greatly reduced through good understanding of previous climatic events and the ...
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