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Manuel de l’assistance météorologique aux activités maritimes - Volume I – Aspects mondiaux : Annexe VI du Règlement technique de l’ОММ
Les buts du Manuel sont les suivants:
a) Préciser les obligations des Membres quant à la mise en oeuvre de l’assistance
météorologique aux activités maritimes;
b) Faciliter la coopération en matière de coordination internationale de l’assistance météorologique aux activités maritimes, en particulier la prestation du Service mondial OMI/OMM d’information et d’alerte pour la météorologie maritime et l’océanographie;
c) Faciliter la coopération entre la Veille météorologique mondiale et l’assistance météorologique aux activités maritimes;
d) Assurer l’uniformité ...
International Glossary of Hydrology : Glossaire International d'hydrologie = Международный гидрологический словарь = Glosario Hidrológico Internacional
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO) - WMO, 2012 (3rd ed.; WMO-No. 385)More than 1500 equivalent terms in English, French, Russian and Spanish, with definitions in these languages, are included. They are distributed over the different fields of hydrology concerned with surface water, groundwater, hydrometeorology, soil moisture and related fields such as river hydraulics and water-resources management. Also included is the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) scheme for hydrology in English and Russian as well as tables of recommended symbols and units for hydrological purposes.
标准化降水指数用户指南
多年来，人们对某一特定气候条件下应该使用何种干旱指数、将其应用于何种目的等这类问题一直争论不休。人们也制定了许多干旱的定义和指数，并尝试为这类问题提供一些指导。
Índice normalizado de precipitación : guía del usuario
A lo largo de los años se ha debatido mucho sobre qué índices de sequía deberían utilizarse en
determinados climas y para cuáles aplicaciones. Se han elaborado muchas definiciones e índices
de sequía y se ha tratado de ofrecer orientación sobre este tema.
Guide d’utilisation de l’indice de précipitations normalisé
Savoir quel indice de sécheresse serait le mieux adapté à tel ou tel climat et à telle ou telle application est une question qui suscite force débats au fil des ans. Bon nombre de définitions et d’indices de la sécheresse ont vu le jour et certains auteurs se sont essayés à formuler des avis éclairés sur le sujet.
Руководство для пользователей стандартизированного индекса осадков
В течение ряда лет шло активное обсуждение вопроса о том, какие индексы засухи
следует использовать в конкретном климате и для какого применения. Были
подготовлены многочисленные определения и индексы засухи и предпринимались
попытки предоставить некоторое руководство по этому вопросу.
اللجنة التقنية المشتركة بين المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية واللجنة الدولية الحكومية لعلوم المحيطات والمعنية بعلوم المحيطات والأرصاد الجوية البحرية - الدورة الرابعة : ملخص تنفيذي للتقرير الختامي الموجز مع قرارات وتوصيات الدورة
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; اللجنة الدولية الحكومية لعلوم المحيطات والمعنية بعلوم المحيطات والأرصاد الجوية البحرية - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2012 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1093)
Comisión Técnica Mixta OMM/COI sobre Oceanografía y Meteorología Marina (CMOMM) - Cuarta reunión : Resumen dispositivo del informe final abreviado con resoluciones y recomendaciones
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Comisión Oceanográfica Intergubernamental (COI) - OMM, 2012 (OMM-No. 1093)
Commission technique mixte OMM/COI d'océanographie et de météorologie maritime (CMOM) - Quatrième session
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Commission Océanographique Intergouvernementale (COI) - OMM, 2012 (OMM-No. 1093)
دليل مستخدمي المؤشر المعياري للهطول
Svoboda Mark; Hayes Michael; Wood Deborah A.; et al. - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2012 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1090)دار على مر السنين نقاش مستفيض بشأن أي مؤشرات الجفاف ينبغي استخدامه في مناخ معين ولأية تطبيقات يستخدم. ووُضعت تعاريف ومؤشرات كثيرة للجفاف، وجرت محاولات لتقديم بعض الإرشادات بشأن هذه المسألة. ونأمل في أن يساعد البلدان والمؤسسات في فهم كيفية حساب واستخدام المؤشر المعياري للهطول من أجل تطوير قدراتها الخاصة على رصد الجفاف والإنذار المبكر به، أو زيادة تعزيز هذه القدرات. ونأمل في أن يساعد البلدان والمؤسسات في فهم كيفية حساب واستخدام المؤشر المعياري للهطول من أجل تطوير قدراتها الخاصة على رصد الجفاف والإنذار المبكر به، أو زيادة تعزيز هذه القدرات.
JCOMM Meeting Report, 93. Data Buoy Cooperation Panel, Twenty-eighth Session: Final Report
Устойчивое развитие: видение Всемирной Метеорологической Организации
Настоящий позиционный документ содержит информацию о том, как при помощи Глобальная рамочная основа для климатического обслуживания основы экс-перты в различных областях и из различных регионов смогут сотрудничать для подготовки научно обосно-ванной информации о климате и окружающей среде,ориентированной на потребности конечных поль-зователей, с целью: увеличения продуктивности сельского хозяй-ства для повышения продовольственной безо-пасности и искоренения голода; улучшения и оптимизации водохозяйственной деятельности для обеспечения устойчивого доступа к пресной воде, годной для питья, ирри- ...
Le développement durable: point de vue de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale
[Ce document] montre comment, par le biais du Cadre mondial, des experts de diverses disciplines et de différentes régions vont oeuvrer de concert afin de produire des informations scientifiques sur le climat et l’environnement adaptées aux besoins des utilisateurs finals, pour: Accroître la productivité agricole en vue d’améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et de réduire la faim dans le monde; Optimiser la gestion des ressources en eau afin d’offrir un accès durable à l’eau douce destinée à la consommation, à l’irrigation et aux ménages; Réduire les risques de catastrophes et d’autres périls cli ...
Desarrollo sostenible: la perspectiva de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial
En este documento se describe la forma en que los expertos en diversas disciplinas de distin¬tas regiones colaborarán, por medio del Marco Mundial para los Servicios Climáticos, para desarrollar información climática y ambiental basada en conocimientos científicos y adaptada a las necesi¬dades de los usuarios, con el fin de: aumentar la productividad agrícola para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y luchar contra el hambre; mejorar y optimizar la gestión de los recursos hídricos para facilitar un acceso sostenible al agua dulce para su uso como agua potable, de riego y de uso doméstico; reducir ...
SENEGAL-HYCOS, Document de projet : Une composante du Système Mondial d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique (WHYCOS)
Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du fleuve Senegal (OMVS) ; Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) - OMM, 2012
IGAD-HYCOS Project : Revised Project Document
European Commission ; World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) - WMO, 2012
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China hosting centre on ocean dynamics and climate
Quarterly Natural Sciences Newsletter - A world of science, Vol. 9, No. 3. UNESCO, 2011A Regional Training and Research Centre on Ocean Dynamics and Climate was launched on 9 June in Qingdao City at the host centre, the First Institute of Oceanography, which is part of the State Oceanic Administration of China. The centre is the first to join a network launched in 2008 by UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC).
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Centro de dinámica y clima oceánicos en China
Boletín trimestral del Sector de Ciencias exactas y naturales - Un Mundo de Ciencia, Vol. 9, No. 3. UNESCO, 2011Un Centro de Formación y de Investigación sobre la Diná-mica y el Clima Oceánicos fue inaugurado, el 9 de junio, en Qingdao, en la sede del Primer Instituto de Oceanografía, que depende de la Administración Oceánica Nacional de China. Este Centro es el primer eslabón de una red lanzada en 2008 por la Comisión Oceanográfica Intergubernemental (COI) de la UNESCO.
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Centre de dynamique et de climat océaniques en Chine
Bulletin trimestriel du Secteur des sciences exactes et naturelles - Planète science, Vol. 9, No. 3. UNESCO, 2011Un Centre de formation et de recherches sur la dynamique et le climat océaniques a été inauguré, le 9 juin, à Qingdao, au siège du Premier institut d’océanographie, qui dépend de l’Administration océanique nationale de Chine. Ce Centre est le premier maillon d’un réseau lancé en 2008 par la Commission océanographique intergouvernementale (COI) de l’UNESCO.
- Summer 2011 - Food & Water: smarter management of global resources
is an issue of Options. IIASA, 2011One of the three global problem areas IIASA will focus on this decade.
Meteorological influences on the surface hydrographic patterns of the North Aegean Sea
Hydrographic data from the North Aegean Sea were used to examine the summer variability of surface water masses during the period 1998-2001. Attention was placed on the surface hydrographic features of the area, such as the Black Sea Water (BSW) plume expansion, the frontal characteristics of the BSW with the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) and the variability of submesoscale hydrographic features (such as the Samothraki Anticyclone). Strong southerly wind stresses were found responsible for relaxing the horizontal density gradients across the BSW-LIW frontal zone and displacing this front ...
Flow, waves and water exchange in the Suur Strait, Gulf of Riga, in 2008
Wind, flow and wave measurements were performed in November-December in 2008 in the relatively narrow and shallow Suur Strait connecting the waters of the Väinameri and the Gulf of Riga. During the measurement period wind conditions were extremely variable, including a severe storm on 23 November. The flow speed along the strait varied between ±0.2 m s-1, except for the 0.4 m s-1 that occurred after the storm as a result of the sea level gradient. The mean and maximum significant wave heights were 0.53 m and 1.6 m respectively. Because of their longer fetch, southerly winds generated higher wa ...
Seasonal variability in the optical properties of Baltic aerosols
A five-year dataset of spectral aerosol optical thickness was used to analyse the seasonal variability of aerosol optical properties (the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at wavelength λ=500 nm, AOT(500) and the Ångström exponent for the 440-870 nm spectral range, α(440, 870)) over the Baltic Sea and dependence of these optical properties on meteorological factors (wind direction, wind speed and relative humidity). The data from the Gotland station of the global radiometric network AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network, http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov) were taken to be representative of the Baltic Sea ...
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Dependence of the single-scattering properties of small ice crystals on idealized shape models
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 7. Um J.; McFarquhar G.M. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The projections of small ice crystals (with maximum dimension <50 μm) appear quasi-circular when imaged by probes on aircraft flying through cloud. Therefore, idealized models constructed to calculate their single-scattering properties have included quasi-spherical models such as Chebyshev particles, Gaussian random spheres, and droxtals. Recently, an ice analogue grown from sodium fluorosilicate solution on a glass substrate, with several columns emanating from a common center of mass, was shown to be quasi-circular when imaged by state-of-the-art cloud probes. In this study, a new idealized ...
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Microphysical and radiative effects of aerosols on warm clouds during the Amazon biomass burning season as observed by MODIS: impacts of water vapor and land cover
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 7. Ten Hoeve J.E.; Remer L.A.; Jacobson M.Z. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Aerosol, cloud, water vapor, and temperature profile data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are utilized to examine the impact of aerosols on clouds during the Amazonian biomass burning season in Rondônia, Brazil. It is found that increasing background column water vapor (CWV) throughout this transition season between the Amazon dry and wet seasons likely exerts a strong effect on cloud properties. As a result, proper analysis of aerosol-cloud relationships requires that data be stratified by CWV to account better for the influence of background meteorological vari ...
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Latitudinal distributions of organic nitrogen and organic carbon in marine aerosols over the western North Pacific
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 7. Miyazaki Y.; Kawamura K.; Jung J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Marine aerosol samples were collected over the western North Pacific along the latitudinal transect from 44° N to 10° N in late summer 2008 for measurements of organic nitrogen (ON) and organic carbon (OC) as well as isotopic ratios of total nitrogen (TN) and total carbon (TC). Increased concentrations of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and diethylammonium (DEA+) at 40–44° N and subtropical regions (10–20° N) together with averaged satellite chlorophyll-a data and 5-day back trajectories suggest a significant influence of marine biological activities on aerosols in these regions. ON exhibited incre ...
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Pseudo steady states of HONO measured in the nocturnal marine boundary layer: a conceptual model for HONO formation on aqueous surfaces
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 7. Wojtal P.; Halla J.D.; McLaren R. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011A complete understanding of the formation mechanism of nitrous acid (HONO) in the ambient atmosphere is complicated by a lack of understanding of processes occurring when aqueous water is present. We report nocturnal measurements of HONO, SO2 and NO2 by differential optical absorption spectroscopy over the ocean surface in a polluted marine environment. In this aqueous environment, we observed reproducible pseudo steady states (PSS) of HONO every night, that are fully formed shortly after sunset, much faster than seen in urban environments. During the PSS period, HONO is constant with time, in ...
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Charge induced stability of water droplets in subsaturated environment
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 5. Nielsen J.K.; Maus C.; Rzesanke D.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Atmospheric liquid and solid water particles are stabilized if they are coated with either negative or positive electric charge. The surface charge causes an increase of the partial pressure of water vapour close to the surface of each particle, effectively allowing the particles to remain in their condensed phase even if the environmental relative humidity drops below unity. The theory, briefly presented in this paper, predicts a zero parameter relation between surface charge density and water vapour pressure. This relation was tested in a series of Electrodynamic Balance experiments. The mea ...
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Dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on humidity in a multiple-cloud system
This study examines the dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on environmental humidity in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) which is composed of convective and stratiform clouds. The author found that increases in aerosol concentration enhance evaporative cooling, which raises not only the intensity of vorticity and entrainment but also that of downdrafts and low-level convergence. The increase in vorticity tends to suppress precipitation. The increase in low-level convergence tends to enhance precipitation by generating more secondary clouds in a muptiple-cloud system simulated her ...
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Ozone production in remote oceanic and industrial areas derived from ship based measurements of peroxy radicals during TexAQS 2006
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Sommariva R.; Brown S.S.; Roberts J.M.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011During the Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS 2006) campaign, a PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplifier (PERCA) was deployed on the NOAA research vessel R/V Brown to measure total peroxy radicals (HO2+Σ RO2). Day-time mixing ratios of HO2+Σ RO2 between 25 and 110 ppt were observed throughout the study area – the Houston/Galveston region and the Gulf coast of the US – and analyzed in relation to measurements of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and photolysis rates to assess radical sources and sinks in the region.
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Understanding the transport of Patagonian dust and its influence on marine biological activity in the South Atlantic Ocean
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Johnson M.S.; Meskhidze N.; Kiliyanpilakkil V.P.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The supply of bioavailable iron to the high-nitrate low-chlorophyll (HNLC) waters of the Southern Ocean through atmospheric pathways could stimulate phytoplankton blooms and have major implications for the global carbon cycle. In this study, model results and remotely-sensed data are analyzed to examine the horizontal and vertical transport pathways of Patagonian dust and quantify the effect of iron-laden mineral dust deposition on marine biological productivity in the surface waters of the South Atlantic Ocean (SAO). Model simulations for the atmospheric transport and deposition of mineral du ...
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Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Ci Z.J.; Zhang X.S.; Wang Z.W.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The Yellow Sea, surrounded by East China and the Korea Peninsula, is a potentially important receptor for anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions from East Asia. However, there is little documentation about the distribution and cycle of Hg in this marine system. During the cruise covering the Yellow Sea in July 2010, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM or Hg(0)) in the atmosphere, total Hg (THg), reactive Hg (RHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM, largely Hg(0)) in the waters were measured aboard the R/V Kexue III. The mean (±SD) concentration of GEM over the entire cruise was 2.61 ± 0.50 ng m−3 (ra ...
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Chemical composition and mixing-state of ice residuals sampled within mixed phase clouds
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Ebert M.; Worringen A.; Benker N.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011During an intensive campaign at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, in February/March 2006 ice particle residuals within mixed-phase clouds were sampled using the Ice-counterflow virtual impactor (Ice-CVI). Size, morphology, chemical composition, mineralogy and mixing state of the ice residual and the interstitial (i.e., non-activated) aerosol particles were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ice nuclei (IN) were identified from the significant enrichment of particle groups in the ice residual (IR) samples relative to the interstitial aerosol. In ...
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On the impacts of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the properties of the primary marine aerosol – Part 2: Composition, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation activity
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Fuentes E.; Coe H.; Green D.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The effect of nanogel colloidal and dissolved organic matter <0.2 μm, secreted by marine biota, on the hygroscopic growth and droplet activation behaviour of the primary marine aerosol was studied. Seawater proxies were prepared by the combination of artificial seawater devoid of marine organics and natural seawater enriched in organic exudate released by laboratory-grown phytoplankton cultures, as described in a companion paper. The primary aerosol was produced by bubble bursting, using a plunging multijet system as an aerosol generator.
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A new method for retrieval of the extinction coefficient of water clouds by using the tail of the CALIOP signal
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Li J.; Hu Y.; Huang J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011A method is developed based on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) level 1 attenuated backscatter profile data for deriving the mean extinction coefficient of water droplets close to cloud top. The method is applicable to low level (cloud top <2 km), opaque water clouds in which the lidar signal is completely attenuated beyond about 100 m of penetration into the cloud. The photo multiplier tubes (PMTs) of the 532 nm detectors (parallel and perpendicular polarizations) of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) both exhibit a non-id ...
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Size dependence of volume and surface nucleation rates for homogeneous freezing of supercooled water droplets
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Kuhn T.; Earle M.E.; Khalizov A.F.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The relative roles of volume and surface nucleation were investigated for the homogeneous freezing of pure water droplets. Experiments were carried out in a cryogenic laminar aerosol flow tube using supercooled water aerosols with maximum volume densities at radii between 1 and 3 μm. Temperature- and size-dependent values of volume- and surface-based homogeneous nucleation rates between 234.8 and 236.2 K were derived using a microphysical model and aerosol phase compositions and size distributions determined from infrared extinction measurements in the flow tube. The results show that the cont ...
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Regional temperature and precipitation changes under high-end (≥4°C) global warming
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Sanderson M.G.; Hemming D.L.; Betts R.A. - The Royal Society, 2011Climate models vary widely in their projections of both global mean temperature rise and regional climate changes, but are there any systematic differences in regional changes associated with different levels of global climate sensitivity? This paper examines model projections of climate change over the twenty-first century from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report which used the A2 scenario from the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, assessing whether different regional responses can be seen in models categorized as ‘high-end’ (those projecting 4°C o ...
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Water availability in +2°C and +4°C worlds
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Fung Fai; Lopez Ana; New Mark - The Royal Society, 2011While the parties to the UNFCCC agreed in the December 2009 Copenhagen Accord that a 2°C global warming over pre-industrial levels should be avoided, current commitments on greenhouse gas emissions reductions from these same parties will lead to a 50 : 50 chance of warming greater than 3.5°C. Here, we evaluate the differences in impacts and adaptation issues for water resources in worlds corresponding to the policy objective (+2°C) and possible reality (+4°C). We simulate the differences in impacts on surface run-off and water resource availability using a global hydrological model driven by e ...
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Mountain glaciers face the heat
Global Change magazine, Issue 76. IGBP, 2011The recognition of an error in the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change put the spotlight on glaciers. Not all glaciers are about to disappear but their recession is real and so are the impacts the loss of this “stored water” will have on ecosystems and societies, Ray Bradley asserts.
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Vol. 27 No.2 - 2010
is an issue of Geofizika. Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute,, 20117. Janeković, I., Sikirić, M. D., Tomažić, I. and Kuzmić, M. (2010): Hindcasting the Adriatic Sea surface temperature and salinity: A recent modeling experience. Geofizika, 27, 85-100.
8. Anil Kumar, R., Dudhia, J. and Roy Bhowmik, S. K. (2010): Evaluation of physics options of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to simulate high impact heavy rainfall events over Indian Monsoon region. Geofizika, 27, 101-125.
9. Jurčec, V. and Dragojlović, D. (2010): The unexpected snowstorm of 13 - 14 January 2002 in Zagreb. Geofizika, 27, 127-145.
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52 (4) - 2010
is an issue of Oceanologia. IO-PAN, 2011Contains:
Invited papers
* Solar radiation in the Baltic Sea: Jerzy Dera, Bogdan Woźniak
Papers
* Solar radiation at the surface in the Baltic Proper: Sirje Keevallik, Kai Loitjärv
* Variability in aerosol optical properties at Hornsund, Spitsbergen: Anna Rozwadowska, Piotr Sobolewski
* Particulate organic carbon in the southern Baltic Sea: numerical simulations and experimental data: Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, Karol Kuliński, Anna Maciejewska, Jaromir Jakacki, Janusz Pempkowiak
Joint WMO/ IOC for Oceanographic and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM). Guide to Storm Surge Forecasting
The National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of an increasing number of maritime countries are actively engaged in the provision of storm surge forecast services for a wide range of maritime and coastal activities, in particular for coastal defense, shipping, fisheries, offshore mining, commerce, coastal engineering, construction and recreation. This guide draws attention to vulnerabilities in coastal areas exposed to storm surges by focusing on risk forecasting, in addition to hazard forecasting.
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