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Управление водными ресурсами с помощью климатической информации
Потребность в долгосрочной исторической информации о климате актуальна как никогда. Достижения в области сезонного прогнозирования климата создали значительный потенциал для вклада в совершенствование технологий управления водными ресурсами. Укрепление сотрудничества между двумя секторами может принести только пользу.
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66 - February 2012 - A method for estimating the sea-air CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Meteorological Research Institute, 2012In this technical report, we describe a newly developed method for evaluating monthly fields of oceanic pCO2 and the subsequent temporal variations of the sea-air CO2 flux over extensive regions of the North and South Pacific by using synthesized observational data. The application of this method is expected to contribute to understanding of future changes in the ocean carbon sink and the ocean's role in controlling the rate of atmospheric CO2 increase.
Manual on Marine Meteorological Services - Volume I — Global Aspects : Annex VI to the WMO Technical Regulations
This manual is designed to facilitate cooperation in respect of the international coordination of marine meteorological services (MMS); to specify obligations of Members in the implementation of MMS; and to ensure uniformity in the practices and procedures employed in achieving these. It also aims to facilitate the development of adequate support from World Weather Watch (WWW) to MMS.
Climate change: how can we adapt? - Key messages for COP 18
GWP, 2012This paper presents key messages for policy makers on water and climate change, urging innovative institutional solutions to be found for closer collaboration with disaster risk reduction efforts. It advocates for the establishment of "partnerships for adaptation" that empower communities to identify local coping strategies and enable all stakeholders to participate in water resources management. It also introduces recommendations for climate change negotiators to take water into account in negotiations, including key messages for COP 18 to be held in December 2012.
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CAWCR technical report, 52. Ocean Model, Analysis and Prediction System: version 2
Brassington G.; Freeman John W.; Huang X.; et al. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2012The Bureau of Meteorology established operational ocean forecasting in August 2007 through the Ocean Model, Analysis and Prediction System (OceanMAPS). OceanMAPS was developed through the BLUElink project an Australian government partnership between the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, CSIRO and the Royal Australian Navy. A major upgrade to this system OceanMAPS version 2 (OceanMAPSv2) was implemented operationally in December 2011 developed through a follow-on BLUElink-2 project. The new system is based on the latest GFDL Modular Ocean Model version 4 and the BLUElink Ocean Data Assimilation ...
European waters - assessment of status and pressures
European Environment Agency (EEA) - EEA, 2012This report's results present good and robust European overviews of the data reported by the first RBMPs, and of the ecological status and pressures affecting Europe's waters. Europe's waters are affected by several pressures, including water pollution, water scarcity and floods. Major modifications to water bodies also affect morphology and water flow. To maintain and improve the essential functions of our water ecosystems, we need to manage them well.
TC/TD, 0004. The second assessment report on the influence of climate change on tropical cyclones in the typhoon committee region
This report assesses the current state of the science on the relationship between climate change and tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the Western North Pacific (WNP) basin. It focuses in particular on identifying any possible influences of anthropogenic climate change on tropical cyclone track and impact area in this region.
GCOS, 162. Report of the 5th GTN-H Coordination Panel Meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2012The report presented here thus reports on progress made since the 4th GTN-H Panel meeting in 2009 but it also summarizes achievements of GTN-H since its inception in 2001 including the identification of gaps and further opportunities. Further, the report provides information on the future coordination of GTN-H since the change of coordinators in July 2012 and the review of activities to be undertaken by GTN-H partners.
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Modelling ocean Acidification in the California Current System : a dissertation submitted to ETH Zurich
Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) are naturally more acidic than most of the rest of the surface ocean. Observations of EBUS already show pH values and saturation states with regard to the carbonate mineral aragonite that are as low as those expected for most open ocean waters several decades from now. Thus, as atmospheric CO2 increases further, EBUS are prone to widespread and persistent undersaturation with regard to aragonite, making them especially sensitive to ocean acidification. Here, we describe ocean carbonate chemistry and its short-term-to-seasonal variability in one major E ...
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DBCP Technical Document, 45. Presentations at the DBCP Scientific and Technical Workshop
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2012
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DBCP Technical Document, 44. Annual report for 2011
GCOS, 157. Summary Report of the Fourteenth Session of the GTOS/GCOS/WCRP Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climate (TOPC)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2012
GAW Report, 203. The Atmospheric Input of Chemicals to the Ocean
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Maritime Organization (IMO); Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); et al. - WMO, 2012The atmospheric input of chemicals to the ocean is closely related to a number of important global change issues. The increasing input of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen species to much of the ocean may cause a low level fertilization of the ocean that could result in an increase in marine 'new' productivity of up to ~3% and thus impact carbon drawdown from the atmosphere. However, the increase in nitrogen inputs are also likely to increase the formation of nitrous oxide in the ocean. The increased emission of this powerful greenhouse gas will partially offset the climate forcing impact res ...
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Water and the green economy : capacity development aspects
The aim of this book is to give special attention to the needs related to capacity development for water resources management, including water supply and sanitation, in the context of the green economy. This is done by showcasing theoretical and practical approaches which have proved to be successful.
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JCOMM Technical Report, 62. Proceedings: 7th TCP-JCOMM Workshop on Storm Surge and Wave Forecasting (SSW-7)
The Seventh TCP/JCOMM Workshop on Storm Surge and Wave Forecasting was held at Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG), Macao, China, from 10 to 14 October 2011.
This series of workshop is co-organized by the Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) that is jointly supported by WMO and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), with a view to enhancing capacities of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) for reduction of mari ...
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Strengthening capacities for climate change adaptation in mountain ecosystems: the Latin American response
This document presents a range of experiences, publications and organisations involved in the strategies used to build capacities for climate change adaptation in the Latin American region, by: (i) improving natural resource conservation; (ii) providing access to new technologies; (iii) capturing traditional knowledge and practices; and (iv) maintaining water resources and agrobiodiversity. It concludes with lessons that could prove useful to other mountain regions of the world.
Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future
National Academies Press, 2012Tide gages show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data shows that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they a ...
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A Risky Climate for Southern African Hydro
Beilfuss Richard - International Rivers, 2012This in-depth study of the hydrological risks to hydropower dams on the Zambezi River gives an early warning about what Southern Africa could be facing as it contemplates plans for more large hydropower dams in a time of climate change.
Ready or not: an evaluation of state climate and water preparedness planning
This publication provides full analysis and state-by-state assessment that specifically focuses on how US state governments are planning and preparing for water related impacts of climate change. Based on the preparedness actions of state government entities, all 50 states have been categorized into one of four categories, developed to differentiate the best prepared and most engaged states on climate change preparedness issues from those that are largely unprepared and lagging behind.
Although many states have yet to formally address climate change preparedness within state go ...
Microwave Remote Sensing: Overview, 2nd Edition
This module presents an overview of space-based microwave remote sensing for environmental applications with a focus on meteorological applications. It delivers basic information on polar-orbiting satellite characteristics, current microwave instruments, and the products they provide. Special attention is given to the newer capabilities of the U.S.’s Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) and future JPSS (Joint Polar Satellite System) satellites with additional information included for those missions being operated by international partners. This module also serves as an introduction ...
Tsunami Strike! Caribbean Edition
Tsunami Strike! Caribbean Edition offers an interactive learning experience in which learners take on the role of a journalist writing an article for a news magazine. Sixteen multimedia lessons on tsunami science, safety, and history are interwoven within the learning scenario as resources for the article. The material is aimed at middle school and high school students (ages 13-17) but will be useful to a broader audience wishing to learn more about tsunamis in general, and in particular about tsunami risks in the Caribbean.
Arctic Meteorology and Oceanography
Diminishing sea ice has opened the Arctic to navigation and operations like never before. Forecasters are increasingly predicting weather in support of those operations. This module is intended to provide forecasters with a brief introduction to the Arctic, including its geography, climatology, and the forecast problems they are likely to encounter. The module follows a U.S. Coast Guard Cutter on a voyage from Dutch Harbor, in the Aleutian Islands, to Barrow, on the north coast of Alaska. Various topics are addressed along the way in a series of short, stand-alone lessons.
African Easterly Waves
This module describes characteristics of African easterly waves including horizontal and vertical structure, evolution, speed, frequency, methods of tracking, and their downstream transformation over the Atlantic, Caribbean, and East Pacific. Mechanisms for wave formation are presented. Also explored are differences between waves that develop into tropical cyclones and those that do not. The final sections focus on extratropical interactions and variability of easterly waves.
Наставление по морскому метеорологическому обслуживанию - Том I — Глобальные аспекты : Дополнение VI к Техническому регламенту ВМО
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO) - BMO, 2012 (Издание 2012 г. Обновлено в 2018 г.; BMO-No. 558)Настоящее Наставление предназначается:
a) для определения обязанностей Членов в осуществлении морского метеорологического обслуживания (ММО);
b) для облегчения сотрудничества в отношении международной координации ММО, в частности в осуществлении деятельности Всемирной службы Международной морской организации (ИМО)/ВМО метеорологической и океанографической информации и предупреждений (ВСМОИП);
c) для облегчения сотрудничества между Всемирной службой погоды (ВСП) и ММО;
d) для обеспечения надлежащей однородности и стандартизации практик и процедур, используемых для вы ...
Mekong Hydrological Cycle Observing System (Mekong-HYCOS) - Final evaluation of the Hydrometeorological Mekong-HYCOS project : Final Report – v4
The purpose of this evaluation is to formulate a reasoned opinion on the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability of the funded project. The evaluator has examined the outcomes of the project in the light of the objectives fixed. He/she has also reviewed the execution and functioning of the project in its different phases of implementation and monitoring.
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Integrated Urban Water Management - Lessons and Recommendations from Regional Experiences in Latin America, Central Asia, and Africa
The purpose of this working paper is to review a set of Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) initiatives and pilot studies funded by the World Bank’s Water Partnership Program (WPP) in Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, and Central Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
The report is structured into three chapters:
(1)Introduces the main concepts of IUWM;
(2)Reviews the findings of 10 case studies;
(3)Puts forward recommendations to sustain and enhance the scope of IUWM activities;
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JCOMM Technical Report, 70. Fiji Stakeholders Workshop for WMO Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project
The Stakeholders Workshop for the WMO Coastal Inundation Forecasting Demonstration Project in Fiji (CIFDP-FSW) was held at the conference room of the Tanoa International Hotel, Nadi, Fiji. This was the kick-off of the national sub-project of CIFDP in Fiji (CIFDP-F), of which the Phase 1 was sponsored by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), and implemented by WMO in collaboration with the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS).
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JCOMM Technical Report, 68. 8th JCOMM-TCP Workshop on Storm Surge and Wave Forecasting (SSW-8): proceedings
The Eighth JCOMM-TCP Workshop on Storm Surge and Wave Forecasting (SSW-8) was held at the Institute for Meteorological Training and Research (IMTR), Nairobi, Kenya, from 19 to 23 November 2012.
This series of workshop is co-organized by the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) and the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP), with a view to enhancing capacities of the National Hydrological and Meteorological Services (NMHSs) in providing necessary forecasting and warning services against natural marine hazards that complement b ...
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JCOMM Technical Report, 67. 12th International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting and 3rd Coastal Hazard Symposium
An international workshop on wave prediction and hazard assessment in coastal areas sponsored by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center’s Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Environment Canada, WMO/IOC Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM).
JCOMM Technical Report, 66. GLOSS Implementation Plan 2012
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2012The focus of the GIP 2012 remains the GCN and the datasets that result from this network. The new plan calls for two significant upgrades to the GCN motivated by scientific and operational requirements.
Resource manual on flash flood risk management - module 3: structural measures
This publication presents the concept of integrated flood management as a component of integrated water resource management. It emphasizes that structural measures are most effective and sustainable when implemented together with appropriate non-structural measures keeping in mind physical measures for slope stabilization and erosion control. The description are simple yet effective, they can be implemented using local and low-cost materials with a minimum of external materials and technical support and a low environmental impact.
Using scenarios to improve understanding of environment and security issues
EEA, 2012Analysing the security risks resulting from climate change is essential for effective policy-making. The Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the European Environment Agency (EEA) is running the joint project 'Security implications of climate change in the OSCE regions' with the aim of improving understanding of the links between global megatrends and environment, and the security of food, fuel and water in different regions. It also aims to enhance cooperation and networking among the main institutions addressing climate security issues. A participatory-based scenario-bu ...
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Arctic Report Card 2012
ssued annually since 2006, the Arctic Report Card (hereafter the Report Card) is a timely and peer-reviewed source for clear, reliable and concise environmental information on the current state of the Arctic relative to historical records. The Report Card is intended for a wide audience, including scientists, teachers, students, decision-makers and the general public interested in the Arctic environment and science.
Comprising 20 essays on different topics in the physical and biological sciences, the Report Card is organized into five sections: Atmosphere; Sea Ice & Ocean; Marin ...
Mainstreaming of DRR into GoB schemes on water and sanitation: gap analysis and way forward
ActionAid International (ActionAid); Concern Universal ; Islamic Relief Worldwide ; et al. - European Commission, 2012The outcome of this study suggests a framework for mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction (DRR) into existing and new schemes / programme of water and sanitation (WatSan) of government of Bangladesh (GoB). The study outcome also suggest various tools and guidelines to provide necessary practical support to responsible officials of GoB involved in planning, decision making, implementing, monitoring etc. to ensure DRR mainstreaming into WatSan.
Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) - Fourth session : Executive summary of the abridged final report with resolutions and recommendations
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2012 (WMO-No. 1093)
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Policy Research Working Paper. Sea-level rise and coastal wetlands : impacts and costs
Scientific evidence indicates that global warming could well lead to a sea-level rise of 1 meter or more in the 21st century. This paper seeks to quantify how a 1-meter sea-level rise that would affect coastal wetlands in 76 developing countries and territories, taking into account how much of wetlands would be submerged and how likely the wetlands would move inland as the coastline recedes. It is estimated that approximately 64 percent of the freshwater marsh, 66 percent of Global Lakes and Wetlands Database coastal wetlands, and 61 percent of brackish/saline wetlands are at risk. A large per ...
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Adaptation to climate change with a focus on rural areas in India
The publication provides an overview of the main issues in current adaptation discussions and suggests adaptation options in six different fields related to rural areas: (i) agriculture; (ii) forests; (iii) biodiversity; (iv) water resources; (v) coastal zones; and (vi) disaster risk management. It describes concepts and approaches for adaptation and its integration into development planning using examples from India, as well as other parts of the world, to illustrate how existing theory can be put into practice.
Standardized Precipitation Index User Guide
Over the years, there has been much discussion on what drought indices should be used in a particular climate and for what application. Many drought definitions and indices have been developed and attempts have been made to provide some guidance on this issue.
We hope that this user guide on the Standardized Precipitation Index will help countries and institutions to understand how to calculate and use the SPI in order to develop or further enhance their own drought monitoring and early warning capabilities.
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Pounds of prevention, a disaster risk reduction story: focus on Brazil
This issue travels to Ceará State in northeastern Brazil, an area that faced increasingly frequent drought conditions, and the efforts of community organizations to develop strategies to minimize the negative impacts from droughts and adapt their livelihoods in such a way that makes families more resilient. It describes how the residents, using techniques to conserve water, enhance agricultural practices, and diversify income sources, have managed to mitigate the risk of drought.
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Climate-change mitigation and adaptation in small island developing states: the case of rainwater harvesting in Jamaica: In Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, vol. 8, issue 2 (Summer 2012)
Waite Marilyn - 2012This essay looks at climate change impacts on small island developing states (SIDS). It argues that climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies must be developed to cope with changes such as shifting precipitation patterns, increasing evapotranspiration and expanding saline intrusion into coastal aquifers and wells. Using Jamaica as a case study, the paper examines the utility of rainwater harvesting (RWH) in SIDS and answers questions regarding: 1) how much rainwater can be harvested on the island given present and future precipitation patterns; and 2) how much can RWH realistically c ...
RA VI Operating Plan 2012-2015
Following the advice of the XV Session of the Association, the TT-SPAP developed the regional Operating Plan by compiling the tasks in the Work Programmes of the Working Groups. Thus, the Operating Plan contains concrete tasks and deliverables aimed at assisting RA VI Members to implement their national plans for further development of their NMHSs and improvement of the provision of meteorological, hydrological and climatological services for supporting their national economies and the society. The RA VI Operating Plan is intended to be a living document regularly monitored and adjusted as nec ...
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Green Water Defense for Flood Risk Management in East Asia
The purpose of the ‘Green Water Defense in East Asia’ study is to take stock of advances in management practices, institutional and technological innovations for managing water resources under changing climate. The focus of this note is on green water defense for flood risk management in deltas and other areas vulnerable to flooding.
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気象研究所技術報告 = Technical Reports of the Meteorological Research Institute 
