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WMO Strategic Plan 2012-2015
The WMO Strategic Plan is the result of an organization-wide strategic, operational and budgeting process to provide a blueprint for the 188 Member States and Territories to meet the changing needs of their communities for weather, climate, water and related environmental information.
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Tenth Session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 10) to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - Summary report
IISD, 2011
DBCP Technical Document, 42. sea surface salinity quality control processes for potential use on data buoy observations
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2011This document will aim to provide processes and approaches to real-time and delayed mode quality control of Sea Surface Salinity data, for review by the DBCP community. This document aims to bring together the best practice and suggested approaches to quality controlling salinity data from various programmes and for several different types of observing platforms. Once the DBCP has ascertained which processes apply to drifting and moored buoys, the appropriate tests and procedures can be added to DBCP Technical documents which already exist.
Climate change, water and food security
FAO, 2011The impacts of climate change on the global hydrological cycle are expected to vary the patterns of demand and supply of water for agriculture – the dominant user of freshwater. The extent and productivity of both irrigated and rainfed agriculture can be expected to change. As a result, the livelihoods of rural communities and the food security of a predominantly urban population are at risk from water-related impacts linked primarily to climate variability. The rural poor, who are the most vulnerable, are likely to be disproportionately affected. Adaptation measures that build upon improved l ...
Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments
EEA, 2011In support of the 2011 'Environment for Europe' Ministerial Conference in Astana, EEA has prepared Europe's environment — An Assessment of Assessments (EE-AoA). This report provides a comprehensive overview of available sources of environmental information across the region which directly relate to the themes in focus at the Conference, water and related ecosystems, and green economy.
JCOMM Meeting Report, 87. JCOMM Marine Instrumentation Workshop for the Asia Pacific Region - final report
The JCOMM Marine Instrumentation Workshop for the Asia Pacific Region was held in Tianjin, China, from 11 to 13 July 2011 at the kind invitation of the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) and the National Centre of Ocean Standards and Metrology (NCOSM) of China.
The workshop recalled the importance of ocean observations to achieve socio-economical benefits at the global, regional, national, and local (e.g. Tianjin city) levels by addressing the requirements of WMO and IOC Applications, including the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), and working in the multi-disciplinary fram ...
Climate Change and freshwater resources : a synthesis of adaptation actions undertaken by Nairobi work programme partner organizations
UNFCCC, 2011This publication was developed in collaboration with the Global Water Partnership 1 (GWP), a Nairobi work programme partner organization that has pledged to support the integration of water security and climate change into development planning and decision making processes through enhanced technical and institutional capacity, and predictable financing for water security and climate change adaptation. GWP played a significant role in synthesizing inputs provided by Nairobi work programme partner organizations as part of its 2011 Action Pledge.
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Thematic highlight - Water : (Cambodia Human Development Report 2011)
UNDP, 2011Water is fundamental to all aspects of human and economic development, encompassing agriculture, fi sheries, forestry, health and disasters. The central importance of water for meeting social and economic development objectives and the anticipated impacts of climate change are such that across the globe, many of the eff ects of climate change will be felt through water (World Bank 2010). This is especially true for Cambodia.
Manual on flood forecasting and warning
The Manual on Flood Forecasting and Warning provides the basic knowledge and guidance to develop or to set up an appropriate and tailored system for any case in which a flood forecasting and warning system is required. The aim is to provide a succinct but comprehensive overview of the basic knowledge and information that the relevant personnel of the National Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Services or other flood management service should require.
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Water adaptation in Africa
The continent of Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, mostly through the medium of water. The continent has always had unpredictable rainfall and climate patterns which will be made worse by future climate change, leading to serious impacts on continental social and economic development. Africa is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture and fluctuations in rainfall can have significant impacts on food production and security. This briefing discusses the adaptation of Africa’s water resource management to climate change.
The briefing explains that the ...
Joint WMO/ IOC for Oceanographic and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM), 48. Project Report - Pilot Project for the Integration of marine meteorological and other appropriate oceanographic observations into the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) : (WIGOS Pilot Project V - JCOMM Pilot Project for WIGOS)
This Project report provides rationale for the development of the Pilot Project, summarizes the activities undertaken under the Pilot Project, especially with regard to its three key deliverables, and provides information on its achievements, and lessons learned. In the context of marine meteorological and oceanographic observations relevant to WMO Programmes and Co-sponsored Programmes, this report explains the benefits of WIGOS integration for National Meteorological and Hydrographic Services (NMHSs), National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs, of IOC), and also for ocean data users. It prov ...
Environment and security in the AMU Darya Basin
UNEP, 2011The report highlights water, agriculture, energy and climate change issues in Central Asia’s Amu Darya River Basin.
Safe water and healthy water services in a changing environment
EEA, 2011This report summarises existing knowledge of climate change impacts on water services and health; the nature and effectiveness of the policy response; and the coverage and gaps in existing assessments of these themes.
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Water for Food Innovative water management technologies for food security and poverty alleviation
UNCTAD, 2011This series of publications seeks to contribute to exploring current issues in science, technology and innovation,
with particular emphasis on their impact on developing countries
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Mitigating Climate Change through Restoration and Management of Coastal Wetlands and Near-shore Marine Ecosystems : Challenges and Opportunities
The technical report, prepared by Stephen Crooks, Dorothee Herr, Jerker Tamelander, Dan Laffoley and Justin Vandever, consolidates information from the literature and provides analysis on the climate change mitigation potential of seagrasses and coastal wetlands, including coastal peats, tidal freshwater wetlands, salt marshes and mangroves (see Annex 2). The numbers in this full technical report have been adjusted since the synthesis note, produced while the study was in progress, was released in Cancun. The calculations of emissions are ballpark, but reasonable, and represent an order of mag ...
15th Biennial Report on Great Lakes Water Quality
The focus of this report is the nearshore zone, the vital ecological link between watersheds, tributaries, wetlands, groundwater, and offshore waters of the Great Lakes. Most people live in the nearshore and get their drinking water from this zone. The nearshore also supports critical habitat for fish, invertebrate and wildlife populations. Beach losings, nuisance algal growth, the establishment of alien invasive species, and habitat loss are just some of the troublesome developments in the nearshore that act as harbingers of future changes in offshore waters. A revised Agreement should be ...
National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces
In response to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), the National Research Council appointed a committee operating under the auspices of the Naval Studies Board to study the national security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. In conducting his study, the committee found that even the most moderate current trends in climate, if continued, will present new national security challenges for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. While the timing, degree, and consequences of future climate change impacts remain uncertain, many changes are already underway in regions around ...
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Reefs at Risk Revisited | World Resources Institute
This report provides a detailed assessment of the status of and threats to the world’s coral reefs. It evaluates threats to coral reefs from a wide range of human activities, and includes an assessment of climate-related threats to reefs. It also contains a global assessment of the vulnerability of nations and territories to coral reef degradation.
Global Risks 2011 Sixth Edition : an initiative of the Risk Response Network
World Economic Forum, 2011There are three “clusters” of risks that will create significant liabilities during the coming decade, according to the report, which was compiled after a survey of about 580 respondents and will form a starting point for risk-based discussions at the upcoming WEF meeting of global business and political leaders at Davos and Klosters, Switzerland, later this month.
Those clusters are macroeconomic risks, including unfunded social liabilities and weak financial markets; the illegal economy, including organized crime and corruption; and limits to growth caused by lack of resources ...
Manuel sur la prévision et l'annonce des crues
Le Manuel sur la prévision et l’annonce des crues présente les éléments de connaissance et d’orientation indispensables au développement ou à la création d’un système approprié et adapté, quel que soit le cas où un système de prévision et d’annonce de crues s’impose. Il propose un tour d’horizon, à la fois succinct et fouillé, des connaissances et des renseignements dont pourrait avoir besoin le personnel compétent des Services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux ou d’autres services de gestion des crues. Il s’appuie sur les résultats d’importantes missions de recherche et de consultati ...
JCOMM Meeting Report, 83. JCOMM Management Committee - Eighth Session : final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2011
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Arctic Pollution 2011
AMAP, 2011
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Arctic Pollution 2011
AMAP, 2011
Manual sobre predicción y avisos de crecidas
El Manual sobre predicción y avisos de crecidas ofrece los conocimientos y la orientación básicos necesarios para elaborar o implantar un sistema de predicción y aviso de crecidas adecuado y adaptado a cada situación. El objetivo es describir, de manera resumida pero completa, la información y los conocimientos básicos que debe tener el personal competente de los Servicios Meteorológicos e Hidrológicos Nacionales u otro servicio de gestión de crecidas. El Manual se basa en la información más reciente obtenida en actividades de primera línea de investigación y asesoría de todo el mundo e incluy ...
15e Rapport biennal sur la qualité de l'eau dans les Grands Lacs
Dans son 15e Rapport biennal sur la qualité de l'eau dans les Grands Lacs, la Commission formule 32 recommandations d'actions à mettre en ouvre par les autorités fédérales, étatiques, provinciales et locales. Les recommandations soulignent, en particulier, le besoin pour les États-Unis et le Canada d'approuver une version réviséé de l'Accord relatif à la qualité de l'eau dans les Grands Lacs qui traite des menaces pouvant peser sur la qualité de l'eau, afin d'en prévenir ou d'en réduire l'impact sur la santé humaine et la santé écologique.
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Canada’s Three Oceans (C3O): a Canadian Contribution to the International Polar Year
The purpose of climate monitoring is to collect relevant,
inter-comparable data over sustained periods of time so as
to allow quantification of change within a system for
decision-making purposes. This is the motivation of the
“Canada’s Three Oceans” (C3O) project, a Canadian
contribution to the International Polar Year (IPY: 2007–
2009). C3O aims to (1) build an integrated, consilient view
of the physical, chemical and biological oceanic structure
of subarctic and arctic waters around Canada; and (2) use
this informati ...
Kinematic and Thermodynamical Structures of Longitudinal-Mode Snow Bands over the Sea of Japan during Cold-Air Outbreaks Part I: Snow Bands in Large Vertical Shear Environment in the Band-Transverse Direction
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 88. No 4. Yamada Yoshinori; Murakami Masataka; Mizuno Hakaru - Meteorological Society of Japan, 2010The kinematic and thermodynamical structures of two longitudinal-mode (termed “L-mode”) snow bands over the Sea of Japan occurring on February 8, 1991 and January 21, 1993 are analyzed mainly based on dual-Doppler radar data. The L-mode snow bands with multicellular structure in 1991 and 1993 formed, respectively, at the early onset of and toward the end of cold-air outbreaks, where the magnitude of the band-transverse vertical shear was roughly 2 × 10-3 s-1 approximately in the lower-half of the mixed layer. This magnitude was larger than that associated with L-mode snow bands characterized b ...
The Structure and Formation Mechanism of Transversal Cloud Bands Associated with the Japan-Sea Polar-Airmass Convergence Zone
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 88. No 4. Eito Hisaki; Murakami Masataka; Muroi Chiashi - Meteorological Society of Japan, 2010During a cold-air outbreak, a broad cloud band is occasionally observed over the Japan-Sea Polar-Airmass Convergence Zone (JPCZ) that forms over the Sea of Japan from the base of the Korean Peninsula to the Japanese Islands. On 14 January 2001, a broad cloud band associated with the JPCZ (JPCZ cloud band) extended in a southeastward direction from the base of the Korean Peninsula to Wakasa Bay, and it stagnated for half a day. The JPCZ cloud band consisted of two cloud regions: one was a long cloud band extending along its southwestern edge (a developed convective cloud band), and the other wa ...
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Growth pattern of a common feather moss, Hylocomium splendens, from contrasting water regimes in a high Arctic tundra
Antarctic Record, Vol. 54, No. 2. Ueno Takeshi; Kanda Hiroshi - Scholarly and Academic Information Navigator (CiNii), 2010Hylocomium splendens, a widespread feather moss, is one of the major plant species found in high-Arctic tundra. It occupies a variety of habitats ranging from exposed dry ground to swampy areas. To clarify the effect of the water regime on the growth pattern of H. splendens, the shoot morphology of H. splendens growing in contrasting water regimes, i.e. hydric, mesic and xeric sites, was investigated using retrospective analyses of growth. The derived growth parameters for H. splendens differed considerably among the sites. The growing period at the hydric, mesic and xeric sites was 1 year, 2 ...
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Variations of Terrestrial Water Storage in the Yangtze River Basin under Climate Change Scenarios
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 6. Ma Quian; Xie Zheng-Hui; Zhao Lin-Na - Science Press, 2010In this study, the water balance-based Precipitation-Evapotranspiration-Runoff (PER) method combined with the land surface model Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) was used to estimate the spatiotemporal variations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) for two periods, 1982–2005 (baseline) and 2071–2100, under future climate scenarios A2 and B2 in the Yangtze River basin. The results show that the estimated TWS during the baseline period and under the two future climate scenarios have similar seasonal amplitudes of 60–70 mm. The higher values of TWS appear in June during the baseline period and ...
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Polar Vortex Response to Pacific Ocean Warming and Its Additive Nonlinearity with the Indian Ocean
A previous modeling study about Pacific Ocean warming derived polar vortex response signals, by subtracting those in the Indian Ocean warming experiments from those in the Indo-Pacific. This approach questions the resemblance of such an indirectly derived response to one directly forced by Pacific Ocean warming. This is relevant to the additive nonlinearity of atmospheric responses to separated Indian and Pacific Ocean forcing. In the present study, an additional set of ensemble experiments are performed by prescribing isolated SST forcing in the tropical Pacific Ocean to address this issue. T ...
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59 - February 2010 - 気象研究所共用海洋モデル(MRI.COM)第３版解説 = Reference Manual For The Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model(Mri.Com) Version 3
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Tsujino Hiroyuki; Motoi Tatsuo; Ishikawa Ichiro - Meteorological Research Institute, 2010This technical report is a manual of the Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model (MRI.COM). MRI.COM is an ocean general circulation model developed and maintained at the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). As the name suggests, it has been used for studying large scale oceanic phenomena and as the oceanic part of the coupled climate models developed at MRI
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60 - January 2010 - 栄養塩測定用海水組成標準の2008 年国際共同実験報告 = 2008 Inter-laboratory Comparison Study of a Reference Material for Nutrients in Seawater
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Aoyama Michio; Barwell-Clarke Janet; Baurand François; et al. - Meteorological Research Institute, 2010Autoclaved natural seawater collected in the North Pacific Ocean was used as a reference material for nutrients in seawater (RMNS) during an inter-laboratory comparison (I/C) study conducted in 2008. This study was a follow-up to previous studies conducted in 2003 and 2006. A set of six samples was distributed to each of 58 laboratories in 15 countries around the globe, and results were returned by 54 of those laboratories (15 countries). The homogeneities of samples used in the 2008 I/C study, based on analyses for three determinants, were improved compared to those of samples used in the 2 ...
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Regime Behavior in the Sea Surface Temperature-Cloud Radiative Forcing Relationships over the Pacific Cold Tongue Region
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 5. Wu Chun-Qiang; Zhou Tian-Jun; De-Zheng Xiao-Li - Science Press, 2010Previous analyses on the estimates of water vapor and cloud-related feedbacks in the tropics usually use observations over the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) period (1985–89). To examine the sample dependence of previous estimates, the authors extend the analysis to two additional periods: 1990–94 and 1995–99. The results confirm our hypothesis, i.e., the values of the feedbacks depend on the period of data coverage. The differences in the feedbacks from cloud radiative forcings (CRFs) estimated from the three periods are particularly significant. Two possible causes for these differ ...
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Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layers Associated with Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 5. Wang Dong-Xiao; Zhou Wen; Yu Xiao-Li; et al. - Science Press, 2010The variations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) associated with the South China Sea Summer Monsoon were examined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding datasets obtained four times daily during May-June 1998 on board Research Vessels Kexue 1 and Shiyan 3. The MABL height is defined as the height at the lowest level where virtual potential temperature increases by 1 K from the surface. The results indicate that the MABL height decreased over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and remained the same over the southern SCS, as sea surface temperature (SST) fell for the no ...
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Issues in the protection of small river valleys: the example of the Kulawa River valley (northwest Poland)
Oceanological and hydrobiological studies, Vol.XXXIX No.3. Institute of Oceanography, 2010This paper presents the results of research relating to the vegetation of the Kulawa River valley and its flow lakes - Głuche Duże, Głuche Małe, and Sieczonek. Transformations observed in the flora examined were the result of two overlapping factors: 1. anthropogenic factors - among others, a high phosphorus content in the waters of the river and in nutrients accumulating in the lakes; 2. natural factors, such as a reduced level of subsoil waters. In the protection of river valleys, it is important to diagnose all threats. The diagnosis should be based not only on an evaluation of water qualit ...
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The variability in concentrations of chosen nitrogen and phosphorus forms in the Oder River estuary in 1999-2002
Oceanological and hydrobiological studies, Vol.XXXIX No.3. Nędzarek Arkadiusz; Tórz Agnieszka - Institute of Oceanography, 2010The Oder River creates one of the largest estuaries in Poland. The estuary can be divided into three zones, each with a different hydrochemical regime: the Pomeranian Bay (salt water habitat), the Szczecin Lagoon (brackish water habitat), the Oder River up to the Widuchowa section (transitional environment – brackish and typical freshwater). The Pomeranian Bay was characterized by the lowest concentration of nutrients throughout the research series in comparison to the other regions. It had a low nitrogen to phosphorus proportion and the highest stability of variability in total nitrogen conce ...
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Diapycnal Mixing in Transient Responses of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in an Enhanced Freshwater Perturbation Experiment
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Yu Lei; Gao Yong-Qi; Helge Drange; et al. - Science Press, 2010It has been reported recently that the simulated Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) using the coupled Bergen climate model (BCM) showed initial intensity declines followed by gradual recoveries over a 150-year enhanced freshwater input experiment. Stratification-dependent oceanic diapycnal mixing has been hypothesized as a reason for the simulated recovery of the AMOC. This study investigated the role of diapycnal mixing in transient responses of simulated AMOCs. Our results showed that stratification-dependent diapycnal mixing can cause stronger upwelling of deep water in the ...
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