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USAEE Working Paper, 13-105. Mitigating climate change in Nigeria: fuel subsidy removal as a possible policy option
Abraham Terfa Williams - SSRN, 2013This paper argues that policies that discourage the demand for non-renewable energy can be used to cut down CO2 emission as it would help to discourage consumption patterns away non-renewable energy sources. The transmission mechanism can be deduced from the high price that the withdrawal of fuel subsidy would bring and the resultant downward adjustment in non-renewable energy use in consumption and production (such as emission from vehicles) which would bring about reduction in total emission. The study focused on Nigeria as a significant oil producing country in Sub Saharan Africa and employ ...
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Profile of emissions reduction potentials in developing countries
UNEP, 2013UNEP Risoe, with the support of the UNFCCC Secretariat and the ACP-MEA Programme (www.acp-cd4cdm.org), has decided to assess the emissions reduction potential in 15 diverse countries. 15 country reports have been developed, from which this synthesis report gathers the main messages. The definition of sectors and technologies used in these country reports takes its point of departure from UNEP Risoe’s CDM Methodology and Technology Selection Tool (www.cdm-meth.org). This tool has been specifically developed for the identification of technologies and related CDM methodologies for exploitation o ...
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The policy climate
This report offers an overview of climate change policy issues across the world. It focuses on: 1) Brazil, China, India, Europe and the United States, which represent the majority of global greenhouse gas emissions but vary widely in terms of economic development, natural resource endowment, political system and climate policy; 2) The economic sectors that represent the greatest potential for greenhouse gas mitigation; and 3) A defined set of policy issues within these regions and key sectors that most affect climate change. For each of the sectors covered, the report provides facts and data a ...
Economics of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asia: Options and Costs
ADB, 2013South Asia is considered vulnerable to the impacts and consequences of climate change, including sea level rise, melting Himalayan glaciers, and increased frequency of typhoons. Notwithstanding these challenges, sustained and rapid economic growth is necessary for the region to achieve significant poverty reduction, uplift the economic well-being of its people, and increase its resilience to environmental shocks and natural disasters, including those associated with climate change.
Economics of Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asia
Against a backdrop, co ...
The Emissions Gap Report
UNEP, 2012The 2012 report provides the following information: An update of global greenhouse gas emission estimates, based on a number of different authoritative scientific sources; An overview of national emission levels, both current (2010) and projected (2020) consistent with current pledges and other commitments;
An estimate of the level of global emissions consistent with the two degree target in 2020, 2030 and 2050; An update of the assessment of the "emissions gap" for 2020; A review of selected examples of the rapid progress being made in different parts of the world to implement policies ...
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Report to Congress on Black Carbon
EPA, 2012This report synthesizes and assesses available scientific information on the current and future impacts of black carbon, and evaluates the effectiveness of available black carbon mitigation approaches and technologies for protecting climate, public health, and the environment. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2012.
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Reducing Black Carbon Emissions in South Asia : low Cost Opportunities
EPA, 2012This report is intended to help achieve near-term climate and other benefits by providing information and examples of a variety of low-cost, high-impact and high feasibility opportunities to reduce black carbon emissions in South Asia. The report states this region is especially vulnerable to the multiplicity of impacts attributable to black carbon.
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CDM in Africa - Finance and Support
As early as 2006, Parties to the Kyoto Protocol recognized the importance of a balanced regional distribution of CDM projects and welcomed the establishment of the Nairobi Framework, which brings together UN and regional organizations to support equitable access to the mechanism. In light of the benefits that the CDM can bring to lesser developed regions, the Nairobi Framework partners and others began funding technical support and capacity-building programmes for the CDM, particularly in Africa. The following pages provide a short description of the most important financing and support opport ...
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Benefits of the Clean Development Mechanism 2012
This study assesses the claims made by project participants in the project design documents submitted for registration. The relative reliability of these claims, as verified by a follow-up survey, suggests that the CDM is making a contribution to sustainable development in host countries in addition to the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Almost all CDM projects claim multiple sustainable development benefits, but the mix of benefits claimed varies considerably by project type.
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Climate change and agriculture: can market governance mechanisms reduce emissions from the food system fairly and effectively?
Agriculture accounts for 30 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions. How agriculture is practised, therefore, has significant potential for mitigating climate change, providing food security and improving the livelihoods of food producers worldwide. There is growing interest in the use of market governance mechanisms for tackling climate change by giving the financial incentives to make the required changes. The key messages emerging from this study are that economic measures have a vital part to play, but to be effective, emissions from food production and consumption must be addressed to ...
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Progress report on the work of the Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention: report on the hands-on training workshop for the Africa region on national greenhouse gas inventories (Note by the Secretariat)
UNFCCC, 2012The Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (CGE), in collaboration with the Technical Support Unit for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, organized a hands-on training workshop for the Africa region on national greenhouse gas inventories, held in Swakopmund, Namibia, from 23 to 27 April 2012. This report outlines the proceedings of the workshop; it summarizes the feedback and recommendations from the participants of the workshop, the updated CGE training ...
Climate and clean air coalition to reduce short-lived climae pollutants (CCAC)
The Coalition's initial focus is on methane, black carbon, and HFCs. At the same time, Partners recognize that action on Short lived climate pollutants must complement and supplement, not replace, global action to reduce carbon dioxide, in particular efforts under the UNFCCC.
The Coalition's objectives are to address short lived climate pollutants by: Raising awareness of short lived climate pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies; Enhancing and developing new national and regional actions, including by identifying and overcoming barriers, enhancing capacity, and mobilizing ...
Down to earth: territorial approach to climate change - Green, Low-Emission and Climate-Resilient Development Strategies at the Sub-national Level, 2012 update
UNDP, 2012This guidebook provides background information on Early Childhood Development (ECD) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), and sets out processes for assessing the capacity and needs at community levels to further identify future steps to improve ECD in DRR. Furthermore, it addresses the vulnerability faced by children and the efforts to mitigate underlying causes of these vulnerabilities. Beyond national and international, policy and political issues, DRR occurs within communities and at the programme level. DRR processes and activities have the potential to address the special needs of young chi ...
Energy Resources Development Series, 41. Low Carbon Green Growth Roadmap for Asia and the Pacific
UNCTAD, 2012he report explores the opportunities that a low carbon green growth path offers to the region. It articulates five tracks on which to drive the economic system change necessary to pursue low carbon green growth as a new economic development path.
In particular, the “visible structure” of the economy, comprising such physical infrastructure as transport, buildings and energy systems, together with the “invisible structure”, which encompasses market prices, governance, regulations and lifestyles, have to be re-oriented towards resource efficiency. The Roadmap provides policymakers ...
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Sustainable low-carbon city development in China
Cities contribute an estimated 70 percent of the world's energy-related greenhouse gases (GHG). Their locations, often in low-elevation coastal zones, and large populations make them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. But cities often take steps, even ahead of national governments, to reduce GHG emissions. So it is with China's cities, which are well placed to chart a low-carbon growth path to help reach China's national targets for reducing the energy and carbon intensity of its economy. China's cities will need to act on multiple fronts, in some cases scaling up elemen ...
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Agricultural GHGs in East and West Africa baseline emissions and mitigation potential
Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from agriculture are substantial. This paper looks into how can agricultural greenhouse gas emissions be reduced or sequestration enhanced while maintaining and even increasing food supply. The paper relies on a research undertaken in nine chosen African countries.
The authors reveal that croplands and grazing lands cover more than half of the East African countries’ lands and about 40% of the West African countries’ lands. In the nine African countries, the largest amount of GHG emissions is from the livestock sector, followed by emissions f ...
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Estrategia Nacional para Fortalecer los Recursos Humanos y las Habilidades para Avanzar hacia un Desarrollo Verde, con Bajas Emisiones y Resiliencia Climática
UN CC:Learn, 2012
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Gases com efeito de estufa, redução das emissões
Esporo, N° 151. CTA, 2011De acordo com um estudo realizado, seria possível diminuir o total das emissões relacionadas com o gado, em cerca de 12%, mediante simples melhoramentos na produção.
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Greenhouse gases, curbing emissions
Spore: the magazine for agricultural and rural development in ACP countries, N° 151. CTA, 2011Some 12% of total livestock-related emissions could be cut with simple improvements in production, says a study.
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Gaz à effet de serre, résorber les émissions
Spore: le magazine du développement agricole et rural des pays ACP, N°151. CTA, 2011D’après une étude, quelque 12 % des émissions totales imputables au bétail pourraient être supprimés grâce à de simples améliorations de la production, incluant l’adoption de pâtures plus nutritives et l’ajout de faibles quantités de résidus de récoltes ou de céréales.
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Cumulative carbon emissions, emissions floors and short-term rates of warming: implications for policy
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Bowerman Niel H.A.; Frame David J.; Huntingford Chris; et al. - The Royal Society, 2011A number of recent studies have found a strong link between peak human-induced global warming and cumulative carbon emissions from the start of the industrial revolution, while the link to emissions over shorter periods or in the years 2020 or 2050 is generally weaker. However, cumulative targets appear to conflict with the concept of a ‘floor’ in emissions caused by sectors such as food production. Here, we show that the introduction of emissions floors does not reduce the importance of cumulative emissions, but may make some warming targets unachievable. For pathways that give a most likely ...
The BioCarbon Fund Experience: insights from Afforestation/Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism Projects
The report is an effort to inform project developers and policy-makers about the main lessons learned by the BioCarbon Fund while accompanying the development of more than 20 A/R CDM forest projects in 16 countries since it started operations in 2004. It sheds light on opportunities the CDM offers to the forestry sector and also on the challenges encountered by project developers when complying with the regulatory requirements. The report concludes with recommendations for policy-makers on how current rules could be made more pragmatic to better match the realities of this type of projects on ...
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Real-time evaluation of Norway’s international climate and forest initiative, contributions to national REDD+ processes 2007-2010: country report: Tanzania
In April 2008, Norway and Tanzania signed a letter of intent on a climate change partnership focused on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). The current paper reviews Norwegian-supported programmes on adaptation and mitigation of climate change in Tanzania, trying to find out how fruitful this partnership has been.
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Real-time evaluation of Norway’s international climate and forest initiative : contributions to national REDD+ Processes 2007-2010, country report - Democratic Republic of Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a high forest cover – low deforestation rate country emerging from a long period of political and civil instability that eroded public and social institutions. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the Norwegian support to the formulation and implementation of a national strategy for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in DRC.
Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2011 (WMO-No. 1073)Scientific evidence and new analyses demonstrate that control of black carbon particles and tropospheric ozone through rapid implementation of proven emission reduction measures would have immediate and multiple benefits for human well-being.Black carbon exists as particles in the atmosphere and is a major component of soot, it has significant human health and climate impacts.
Climate Change, Double Injustice and Social Policy: A Case Study of the United Kingdom
The groups and populations likely to be most harmed by climate change are the least responsible for causing it and have the least resources to cope with the consequences—this is the "double injustice". It forms the background to climate negotiations between governments representing countries of the North and the South, but it also occurs within nations across the world. In light of this phenomenon, what are the distributional implications of current, fairly ambitious, policies to decarbonize the economy? Based on research within rich countries of the Organisation for Economic Development and C ...
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Investment-grade climate change policy : financing the transition to the low-carbon economy
UNEP FI, 2011This report has been commissioned by the three major investor climate change networks (the European-based Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change (IIGCC), the North Americanbased Investor Network on Climate Risk (INCR), and the Investor Group on Climate Change Australia/New Zealand (IGCC)) and the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI). These groups, and their members, are concerned about climate change because of the potential for climate change to have major negative impacts on the economic systems they operate in and, in turn, on the assets in which they i ...
Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe 2011 - Tracking progress towards Kyoto and 2020 targets
EEA, 2011This report presents an overview of the progress achieved so far by the EU, its Member States and other EEA member countries towards their respective targets under the Kyoto Protocol and the EU burden-sharing agreement, as well as 2020 targets set at EU level. The assessment is based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data in Europe for the period 2008–2010, including recent EEA estimates of proxy 2010 GHG emissions.
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Real-time evaluation of Norway’s international climate and forest initiative : contributions to a Global REDD+ Regime 2007-2010
The Norwegian Government launched its International Climate and Forest Initiative in December 2007, aiming at reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD). In order to assess the results of the Initiative with regard to its objectives, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) organised a real-time evaluation starting in early 2010. This fact sheet demonstrates the objectives, scope, process and principles of that evaluation.
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Kyoto City to Reduce Greenhouse Gases by 40% by Fiscal 2030
JFS, 2011Kyoto City passed a proposed ordinance to completely revise the Kyoto City Global Warming Countermeasure Ordinance on September 29, 2010, and promulgated the new ordinance on October 12. The city aims to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 40 percent compared to 1990 levels by fiscal 2030, and by 25 percent by fiscal 2020.
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State of Europe's Forests 2011 Report - summary for policy makers : Status & Trends in Sustainable Forest Management in Europe
Forest Europe, 2011The Summary for policy makers presents a compact and comprehensive overview of status and trends, as well as challenges and opportunities for forests, forest policy and forest management in Europe.
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State of Europe's Forests 2011 Report : Status & Trends in Sustainable Forest Management in Europe
Forest Europe, 2011The State of Europe’s Forests 2011 report provides a comprehensive, up-to-date description of the status and trends of forests and forest management in Europe. The report aims to stimulate sound policy decisions on forests and forest-related issues in Europe by providing objective and harmonized data for FOREST EUROPE’s Signatories
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 1. Preparing Low-emission and Climate-Resilient Development Strategies (LECRDS) : Summary report
UNDP, 2011This report serves as the Executive Summary to a series of manuals and guidebooks that UNDP is offering in support of LECRDS. It provides a brief outline of the approach and methodologies that these materials treat in detail.
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京都市、温室効果ガスを2030年度までに1990年度比で40％削減へ
JFS, 2011Le 29 septembre 2010, la ville de Kyoto a adopté un arrêté amendant la totalité des arrêtés concernant les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et l'a promu le 12 octobre. La ville a pour objectif une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 25% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2020 et de 40% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2030
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Ville de Kyoto: vers une réduction de 40% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport à 1990 avant 2030
JFS, 2011Le 29 septembre 2010, la ville de Kyoto a adopté un arrêté amendant la totalité des arrêtés concernant les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et l'a promu le 12 octobre. La ville a pour objectif une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 25% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2020 et de 40% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2030
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- Winter 2009/2010 - Climate change: looking beyong Copenhagen
is an issue of Options. IIASA, 2010Contains:
- Cutting emissions by 2020 Pages 16-17
- Energy and climate change Pages 14-15
- Insurance for extreme climatic events Pages 12-13
- Stopping deforestation Pages 9, 21
The Emissions Gap Report : are the Copenhagen Accord Pledges Sufficient to Limit Global Warming to 2° C or 1.5° C? A preliminary assessment
UNEP, 2010Climate change represents one of the greatest challenges but also an inordinate opportunity to catalyze a transition to a low-carbon, resource efficient Green Economy.
This report informs governments and the wider community on how far a response to climate change has progressed over the past 12 months, and thus how far the world is on track to meet wider goals,.
The pledges associated with the Copenhagen Accord of 2009 are the point of departure for this report. What might be achieved in terms of limiting a global temperature rise to 2ºC or less in the 21st centur ...
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Developing the science, economics and governance of ecosystem service payments: a contribution to Norway’s support of REDD
This document reports on a workshop, hosted by Sokoine University in Tanzania and commissioned by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad). The workshop tackled the issue of developing ecosystem service payments in Africa in the context of Norway’s support of REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) initiatives.
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 2. Charting a New Carbon Route to Development
UNDP, 2009Integrated climate change planning - a how-to guide for local and regional policy-makers on planning a low-carbon future. This document focuses on the importance of full engagement of sub-national authorities to comprehensively address climate change and suggests that taking the necessary action to tackle climate change will be more effective if it helps address local development issues.
Enhancement of greenhouse gas sinks : a Canadian science assessment
"The Program of Energy Research and Development [PERD] decided to conclude its funding of research into greenhouse-gas sinks at the end of the 2006-07 fiscal year."--Page 10 of 112.
Amélioration des puits de gaz à effet de serre : évaluation scientifique du Canada
Hengeveld Henry - Environnement Canada, 2008
IPCC/TEAP special report on safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate system, issues related to hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons: summary for policymakers and technical summary
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - IPCC, 2005
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 4. Managing the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Process
UNDP, 2005The handbook was developed by UNDP with input from a wide range of institutions and national experts from Annex I and non-Annex I Parties. The objective of the handbook is to provide non-Annex I Parties with a strategic and logical approach to a sustainable inventory process.
IPCC/TEAP special report on safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate system : issues related to hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - IPCC, 2005'Prepared by Working Groups I and III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and the Technical and Economic Assessment Panel." "The volume includes a Summary for policymakers approved by governments represented in the IPCC, and a Technical summary"--Half-title.
Rapport spécial du GIEC et du GETE Préservation de la couche d’ozone et du système climatique planétaire, questions relatives aux hydrofluorocarbures et aux hydrocarbures perfluorés: résumé à l’intention des décideurs et résumé technique
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE); Groupe d'Experts Intergouvernemental sur l'Evolution du Climat (GIEC) - GIEC, 2005
التقرير الخاص لفريق التقييم التكنولوجي الاقتصادي TEAP التابع للهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ (IPCC) والخاص بحماية طبقة الأوزون والنظام المناخي العالمي، القضايا المتعلقة بمركبات الهيدروكربون الفلورية والمواد الكربونية الفلورية المشبعة: ملخص لصانعي السياسات والملخص الفني
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; برنامج الأمم المتحدة للبيئة ; الهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ - الهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ, 2005
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