Topics
Sorted by (Issue date descending, Date of update descending, Date of creation descending, Number of collection descending) Add the result to your favourites Refine your search
Guide to Wave Analysis and Forecasting
This publication is the outcome of the revision, expansion, and up-dating of the 1998 Guide to Wave Analysis and Forecasting. It is designed to enhance the provision of up-to-date information and guidance material on all aspects of the ocean-related activities of National Meteorological Services.
This 2018 (3rd edition) represents the latest updates, taking into account the dramatic improvements in wave modelling and observational capability over the last two decades. It also contains a web-based Dynamic part, describing operational wave models, also available on the WMO website ...
Руководство по анализу и прогнозированию волнения
This publication is the outcome of the revision, expansion, and up-dating of the 1998 Guide to Wave Analysis and Forecasting. It is designed to enhance the provision of up-to-date information and guidance material on all aspects of the ocean-related activities of National Meteorological Services.
This 2018 (3rd edition) represents the latest updates, taking into account the dramatic improvements in wave modelling and observational capability over the last two decades. It also contains a web-based Dynamic part, describing operational wave models, also available on the WMO website at http ...
Guía para el análisis y pronóstico de las olas
This publication is the outcome of the revision, expansion, and up-dating of the 1998 Guide to Wave Analysis and Forecasting. It is designed to enhance the provision of up-to-date information and guidance material on all aspects of the ocean-related activities of National Meteorological Services.
This 2018 (3rd edition) represents the latest updates, taking into account the dramatic improvements in wave modelling and observational capability over the last two decades. It also contains a web-based Dynamic part, describing operational wave models, also available on the WMO website at http ...
Guide de l'analyse et de la prévision des vagues
This publication is the outcome of the revision, expansion, and up-dating of the 1998 Guide to Wave Analysis and Forecasting. It is designed to enhance the provision of up-to-date information and guidance material on all aspects of the ocean-related activities of National Meteorological Services.
This 2018 (3rd edition) represents the latest updates, taking into account the dramatic improvements in wave modelling and observational capability over the last two decades. It also contains a web-based Dynamic part, describing operational wave models, also available on the WMO website at http ...
IOM Report, 128. Interlaboratory Comparison in the field of Temperature, Humidity and Pressure, in the WMO Regional Association VI (MM-ILC-2015-THP)
The subject of this report is evaluation of the interlaboratory comparison in the field of measurement of temperature, humidity and pressure. The interlaboratory comparison was held within the framework of the MeteoMet 2 project, in the scope of proficiency testing scheme organized by the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Metrology and Quality (UL-FE/LMK), except pressure part. All the analysis were done in accordance with accredited procedures.
Instrumentation and Measurement of Atmospheric Humidity
This lesson provides an overview of the science and techniques related to measuring humidity, or the amount of water vapor, in Earth's atmosphere. After beginning with a review of the units used for humidity, the learner will examine the three main types of hygrometers (material, thermodynamic, and optical) and explore instruments within each of these categories. The lesson provides information about the advantages and limitations of various humidity instruments. The effects of siting, sheltering, and ventilation on humidity measurements are also addressed. The lesson is part of the Instrument ...
GAW Report, 242. 19th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2017)
The meeting reviewed current WMO data quality objectives, reference scales and observation strategies, including calibration, quality control, data management and archiving. Target species were carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon in greenhouse gas measurements. The workshop discussed in detail the harmonization and quality control of isotope measurements, the extension of the measurement network towards more polluted and urban areas, the use of low-cost sensors, and the collaboration of the scientific greenhouse gas and carbon cycle community with the me ...
GAW Report, 239. Calibration Methods of GC-μECD for Atmospheric SF6 Measurements
SF6 is a substance which originates only from anthropogenic sources used primarily in the electricity and electronics supply industries, e.g. the semiconductor industry, where it is used as an electronic insulator due to its inertness. SF6 is a trace gas that exists in small quantities at the level of ppt (parts-per-trillion, 1/1012) in the atmosphere, but its global warming potential is 23,500 times greater than that of CO2 when compared over a 100-year period[1]. In particular, SF6 has an atmospheric lifetime of 3,200 years upon emission, and will eventually exacerbate the man-made greenhous ...
Guidelines for the Assessment of Uncertainty for Hydrometric Measurement
In view of the increasing pressure on water resources, National Hydrological Services (NHSs) worldwide are faced with the challenge to deliver hydrological services of high quality, timeliness and proven credibility, to assist the decision making process of water and natural resources managers. Nowadays, it is commonly expected that these services must be based on information that includes an accurate assessment of its uncertainty. Stream discharge, the basic hydrological variable, is no exception, yet most measurements are still reported as a value without any information on its associated un ...
GAW Report, 227. WMO/GAW Aerosol Measurement Procedures, Guidelines and Recommendations
It is the goal of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme to ensure long - term measurements in order to detect trends in global distributions of chemical constituents in air and the reasons for them (WMO, 2001a). With respect to aerosols, the objective of GAW is to determine the spatio - temporal distribution of aerosol properties related to climate forcing and air quality on multi - decadal time scales and on regional, hemispheric and global spatial scales. The objective of GAW Report No. 153, published in 2003, was to provide a synthesis of methodologies and procedures for measuring the ...
GAW Report, 229. 18th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2015)
The 18th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT - 2015) took place from 13 to 17 September 2015 at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla (CA), USA. It was the 40 th anniversary of the first GGMT meeting (then called "CO 2 Experts Meeting") which was also held at Scripps in 1974. WMO has provided the framework for all carbon dioxide experts meetings since 1975. IAEA in Vienna joined WMO as a co - organizer in 1997 due to the increased use of carbon isotopes in studying the carbon cycle. The meeting reviewed current WMO ...
Analysis of aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved from light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and sunphotometer measurements
Aerosols are small, micrometer-sized particles, whose optical effects coupled with their impact on cloud properties is a source of large uncertainty in climate models. Aerosols when inhaled are believed to have significant and detrimental effects on human health. Their presence also affects photosynthesis and agricultural production. Aerosol measurements are urgently required for the complete understanding and modeling their role in the climate system. This study builds on the analysis of Aerosol Optical depth (AOD) using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) and sun photometer measurements then ...
Aerosol Measurement by Raman Lidar
This paper examines the aerosol extinction coefficient profiles measured by Rayleigh-Raman-Mie-Lidar (RRML) system in Nanjing, China. I introduced two lidars methods (Raman and Fernald) and detection principle, and two lidars data Using Raman analysis method and Fernald analysis method to obtained aerosol extinction coefficient. Aerosol profiles at 607 nm and 532 nm over ranges from 6 km to 10 km were obtained using respectively Raman lidar and Rayleigh lidar in Nanjing.
JCOMM Technical Report, 84. Final report, JCOMM Pilot intercomparison project for seawater salinity measurements
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2015The Pilot Inter - comparison Project for Seawater Salinity Measurements is organized by The Joint WMO - IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) and undertaken by the Regional Marine Instrument Center for the Asia - Pacific Region (RMIC/AP). As the first inter - comparison project under JCOMM framework in history, the purpose is of understanding the overall quality level of salinity measurements of JCOMM Members/Member States and observation programmes, identifying the differences an d promoting the expertise of salinity measurements.
![]()
Evaluation of urban surface parameterizations in the WRF model using measurements during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006 field campaign
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 5. Lee S.-H.; Kim S.-W.; Angevine W.M.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The performance of different urban surface parameterizations in the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) in simulating urban boundary layer (UBL) was investigated using extensive measurements during the Texas Air Quality Study 2006 field campaign. The extensive field measurements collected on surface (meteorological, wind profiler, energy balance flux) sites, a research aircraft, and a research vessel characterized 3-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer structures over the Houston-Galveston Bay area, providing a unique opportunity for the evaluation of the physical parameterizations. The m ...
![]()
Transport analysis of ozone enhancement in Southern Ontario during BAQS-Met
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. He H.; Tarasick D.W.; Hocking W.K.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Twice-daily ozonesondes were launched from Harrow, in southwestern Ontario, Canada, during the BAQS-Met (Border Air Quality and Meteorology Study) field campaign in June and July of 2007. A co-located radar windprofiler measured tropopause height continuously. These data, in combination with continuous surface ozone measurements and geo-statistical interpolation of satellite ozone observations, present a consistent picture and indicate that a number of significant ozone enhancements in the troposphere were observed that were the result of stratospheric intrusion events. The combined observatio ...
![]()
Measurements of volatile organic compounds at a suburban ground site (T1) in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: measurement comparison, emission ratios, and source attribution
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Bon D.M.; Ulbrich I.M.; de Gouw J.A.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios were measured with two different instruments at the T1 ground site in Mexico City during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) campaign in March of 2006. A gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) quantified 18 light alkanes, alkenes and acetylene while a proton-transfer-reaction ion-trap mass spectrometer (PIT-MS) quantified 12 VOC species including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics. A GC separation system was used in conjunction with the PIT-MS (GC-PIT-MS) to evaluate PIT-MS measurements an ...
![]()
The effect of H2SO4 – amine clustering on chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) measurements of gas-phase sulfuric acid
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Kurtén T.; Petäjä T.; Smith J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The state-of-the art method for measuring atmospheric gas-phase sulfuric acid is chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) based on nitrate reagent ions. We have assessed the possible effect of the sulfuric acid molecules clustering with base molecules on CIMS measurements using computational chemistry. From the computational data, three conclusions can be drawn. First, a significant fraction of the gas-phase sulfuric acid molecules are very likely clustered with amines if the amine concentration is around or above a few ppt. Second, some fraction of these acid-amine clusters may not be cha ...
![]()
Extending atmospheric CO2 and tracer capabilities in ACCESS
Corbin Katherine D.; Law Rachel M. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2011 (CAWCR Technical Report-No. 035)The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) is a coupled landocean-atmosphere model being developed for a wide variety of applications. One key area of research with ACCESS is the carbon cycle, in particular atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations resulting from prescribed surface fluxes. ACCESS derives its atmospheric model from the UK Met Office Unified model (UM), which included both a specific atmospheric CO2 tracer (used for climate-carbon feedback studies) as well as other generic atmospheric tracers, developed for stratospheric transpor ...
IOM Report, 106. WMO Field Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields and Humidity Measuring Instruments : Ghardaïa, Algeria, November 2008 – October 2009
The WMO Combined Intercomparison of Temperature Screens/Shields in Conjunction with Humidity Measuring Instruments was carried out in Ghardaïa, Algeria from November 2008 to October 2009, at the kind invitation of the Algerian Meteorological Service and under the leadership of CIMO. This intercomparison allowed testing the performance of the instruments in desert conditions, in a dry, hot and dusty environment. It was planned to carry out a follow-up intercomparison of similar instruments in an arctic environment at a later stage. The main objectives of this intercomparison were to gain knowle ...
GAW Report, 195. WMO/GAW Expert Workshop on Global Long-term Measurements of Nitrogen Oxides and Recommendations for GAW Nitrogen Oxides Network
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Gilge S.; Plass-Duelmer C.; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1570)Nitrogen oxides are a component of a group of reactive gases required to be measured in the GAW Programme. The reactive gases group focuses on gases known to be intimately involved in various aspects of the chemistry of the troposphere and includes surface ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and sulphur dioxide (SO2), as well as oxidized nitrogen species. The sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has traditionally been called NOx. The sum of oxidized nitrogen species with an oxidation number >1, both organic and inorganic, is referred to as ...
Air pollution by ozone across Europe during summer 2010 : overview of exceedances of EC ozone threshold values for April–September 2010
EEA, 2011Despite efforts to mitigate ozone pollution, the number of exceedances of EU ground-level ozone concentration standards for protecting human health (Directive 2008/50/EC) remained at sustained levels during summer 2010 (1).
In 2010, the threshold of 120 μg/m3 maximum daily eight-hour mean was exceeded on more than 25 days in a significant part of Europe. This is the threshold that will be used to assess whether countries meet the target value for protecting human health (2). Exceedances of this threshold occurred in 17 EU Member States (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Fra ...
GAW Report, 194. 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxyide, other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques
The 15th WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques took place from 7 to 10 September 2009 at the MaxPlanck-Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany. The meeting reviewed current WMO data quality objectives, covering such topics as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, stable isotopes, radiocarbon in greenhouse gas measurements, calibration, quality control, data management and archiving. The experts also discussed new and emerging technologies, including measurements of greenhouse gases with high-precision spectr ...
Guide to Hydrological Practices, Volume II : Management of Water Resources and Applications of Hydrological Practices
This comprehensive guide provides practicing hydrologists with handy access to state-of-the-art and reliable information on hydrological practices, from simple discharge measurement to modeling complex hydrological systems. It was first published in 1965 and has been regularly updated since to reflect the evolving needs of, and practices employed by, the National Hydrological Services and other professionals working in water related fields.
![]()
54 - March 2008 - Establishment of a cold charcoal trap-gas chromatography-gas counting system for 85Kr measurements in Japan and results from 1995 to 2006
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Aoyama Michio; Fujii Kenji; Hirose Katsumi; et al. - Meteorological Research Institute, 2008
Guide to Hydrological Practices (WMO-No. 168), Volume I : Hydrology – From Measurement to Hydrological Information
This comprehensive guide provides practicing hydrologists with handy access to state-of-the-art and reliable information on hydrological practices, from simple discharge measurement to modeling complex hydrological systems. It was first published in 1965 and has been regularly updated since to reflect the evolving needs of, and practices employed by, the National Hydrological Services and other professionals working in water related fields.
![]()
JRA-25 Atlas : (Japanese 25-year Reanalysis)
JMA, 2008The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) jointly conducted the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25) project for five years from 2001. Quality-controlled observational data from past decades and the latest numerical assimilation and prediction technology were used to produce a long-term record of the state of the atmosphere. The reanalysis covers the 26-year period from 1979 to 2004, and provides consistent and high-quality data. The JRA-25 product is widely used for research on meteorology and climatology, as well as for opera ...
![]()
Towards New Scenarios for Analysis of Emissions, Climate Change, Impacts, and Response Strategies: technical summary : IPCC Expert Meeting Report
IPCC, 2007
![]()
О НОВЫХ СЦЕНАРИЯХ АНАЛИЗА ВЫБРОСОВ, ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА, ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ И СТРАТЕГИЙ РЕАГИРОВАНИЯ: ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ РЕЗЮМЕ : ДОКЛАД СОВЕЩАНИЯ ЭКСПЕРТОВ МГЭИК
IPCC, 2007
![]()
Exploración de nuevos escenarios para el análisis de las emisiones, del cambio climático, de sus impactos y de las estrategias de respuesta: resumen técnico : Informe de una reunión de expertos del IPCC
IPCC, 2007
![]()
Elaboration de nouveaux scénarios destinés à analiser Les émissions, les changements climatiques, les incidences et les stratégies de parade: résumé technique : rapport de la réunion d’experts du giec
GIEC, 2007
![]()
Towards New Scenarios for Analysis of Emissions, Climate Change, Impacts, and Response Strategies : IPCC Expert Meeting Report
IPCC, 2007
JCOMM Technical Report, 31. Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation : volume IV: an update to 2006
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1339)
GAW Report, 167. The German contribution to WMO GAW programme
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Umwelt Bundes Amt für Mensch und Unwelt ; Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1336)
GAW Report, 155. 1st International Expert Meeting on Sources and Measurements of Natural Radionuclides Applied to Climate and Air Quality Studies
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) - WMO, 2004 (WMO/TD-No. 1201)
GAW Report, 149. Comparison of total ozone measurements of Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers and recommended transfer functions
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Kerr J.; Evans Robert; et al. - WMO, 2003 (WMO/TD-No. 1147)
Manual on sea level measurement and interpretation, v. III: Reappraisals and recommendations as of the year 2000
UNESCO, 2002 (Manuals and guides-No. 14)
![]()
41 - March 2000 - Coulometric Precise Analysis of Total Inorganic Carbon in Seawater and Measurements of Radiocarbon for the Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere and for the Total Inorganic Carbon in Seawater
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Ishii Masao; Inoue Hisayuki Yoshikawa; Matsueda H. - Meteorological Research Institute, 2000
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 46. Precipitation estimation and forecasting
This publication discusses a wide range of techniques which have been developed worldwide for measuring and forecasting precipitation. These range from point gauge measurements to methods based upon interpretation of indirect data obtained from space-based instrumentation.
IOM Report, 67. WMO Solid precipitation measurement intercomparison : final report
The WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison was started in the northern hemisphere winter of 1986/87. The field work was carried out in 13 Member countries for seven years. The Intercomparison was the result of Recommendation 17 of the ninth session of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO-IX). As in previous WMO intercomparisons of rain gauges, the main objective of this test was to assess national methods of measuring solid precipitation against methods whose accuracy and reliability were known. It included past and current procedures, automated systems ...
![]()
GAW Report, 95. Report of the WMO Meeting of Experts on UV-B Measurements, Data Quality and Standardization of UV Indices
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; UV Monitoring and Assessment Program Panel - WMO, 1995 (WMO/TD-No. 625)
![]()
GAW Report, 97. Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPjP) for continuous ground based ozone measurements
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; GAW-Quality Assurance/Science Activity Center - WMO, 1994 (WMO/TD-No. 634)
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 35. Snow cover measurements and areal assessment of precipitation and soil moisture
The report summarizes and reviews recent developments in the field of areal estimation of precipitation, snow cover, and soil moisture characteristics, including application of remote sensing. The report also provides guidance in assessing the accuracy of areal estimates and contains information on estimation of snowfall using radar data and on statistical estimates of snow cover fields.
WMO and the ozone issue
This booklet gives a brief account of the story of ozone in the atmosphere, focusing on WMO's continuous involvement over the last 35 years. It also deals concisely with the latest scientific findings of the 1991 stratospheric ozone assessment.
Measurement of temperature and humidity : specification, construction, properties and use of the WMO reference psychrometer
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Lalas Theo; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) - WMO, 1992 (WMO-No. 759)This publication serves as a specification for the design and construction of the WMO Reference Psychrometer. It describes how it must be operated in the laboratory and in the field to obtain measurements of air temperature and humidity with very high accuracy. A set of working drawings is included.
Stratégies d'adaptation au changement climatique : rapport rédigé pour le GIEC par le groupe de travail III
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Groupe d'Experts Intergouvernemental sur l'Evolution du Climat (GIEC); Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE) - GIEC, 1990
![]()
Precipitation measurement : WMO/IAHS/ETH Workshop on precipitation measurement
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1989
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 29. Manual on operational methods for the measurement of sediment transport
This manual describes the methods and equipment used for the measurement and estimation of sediment load in rivers and reservoirs and discusses the merits of some of the methods and equipment for various river-flow conditions. Recommendations are made for enhancing data acquisition and research on the improvement of operational methods of measurement.
![]()
NASA Technical Memorandum, 4145. Meteorological atlas of the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere for January and February 1989 during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition
Northern Hemisphere meteorological data for the months of January and February 1989 in the lower stratosphere are shown. National Meteorological Center (NMC) data, and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data are used to display polar stereographic projections of 100-mb temperatures, 50-mb temperatures, 50-mb geopotential heights, total ozone, and Ertel's potential vorticity (Epv) on both 400 K and 460 K isentropic surfaces. In addition, latitude/height cross sections at 10 E of balanced wind isotachs, wind vectors, potential temperature, and temperature are also shown. Horizontal traces o ...
WCRP, 01. Report of the International Workshop on the Validation of Satellite Precipitation Measurements for the Global Precipitation Climatology Project
Wilkerson John Christopher; World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) - WMO, 1988 (WMO/TD-No. 203)
IOC workshop on the technical aspects of tsunami analyses, prediction and communications
UNESCO, 1988 (Workshop Report-No. 40)
![]()
NASA Technical Memorandum, 4049. Meteorological atlas of the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere for August and September 1987 : analyses Based on the United Kingdom Meteorological Office Global Model
Southern Hemisphere meteorological data for the months of August and September 1987 in the lower stratosphere are shown. National Meteorological Center (NMC) data, Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data, and Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA) data are used to display polar stereographic projections of 200 to 100 mb vertical mean temperatures, 100 mb zonal mean geopotential height perturbations, total ozone, Ertel's potential vorticity (Epv), and 50 to 30 mb vertical mean temperatures. In addition, latitude height cross sections at 65 W of potential temperature, Epv, geostrophic iso ...
![]()
GORMP, 17. Measurement of atmospheric ozone profiles using the Brewer/Mast sonde : preparation, procedure, evaluation
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Hartmannsgruber Reinhold; Köhler Ulf - WMO, 1987 (WMO/TD-No. 179)
![]()
Mesure de la pollution de fond de l'atmosphère
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE) - OMM, 1987
Operational hydrology report (OHR), 26. Methods of measurement and estimation of discharges at hydraulic structures
A review of methods for the measurement and estimation of discharges at hydraulic structures and pressure conduits with the aim of using such facilities, where they already exist, as an alternative to the construction of discharge measurement stations. Focus is on methods of flow estimation at structures commonly installed in reservoirs, dams and canals as well as standard methods for the measurement of open-channel and pipe flow. Mention is also made of the use of pumping stations and navigation locks.
Add tag 
