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International organizing committee for the WMO solid precipitation intercomparison experiment, second session : final report
This report provides a summary of the second session of the International Organizing Committee (IOC) of the WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) that was held in Boulder, USA, from 11 to 15 June 2012. The IOC reviewed the outcomes of the informal Pre-SPICE experiment that took place during the winter of 2011/12 in the interest of assessing the principles of the formal intercomparison and to address, in particular, the configuration of a working field reference using an automatic gauge. The IOC reviewed a number of aspects dealing with the configuration and operatio ...
Southern African rainfall physical mechanisms and projected Climate Change with a special focus on Zimbabwe
Aimed at understanding the physical mechanisms driving rainfall systems in southern Africa with a particular focus on Zimbabwe, this research is a step towards improving the representation of those systems in Climate Models leading to improved Rainfall projections. Because RCMs such as PRECIS are good at resolving subtle systems which modify local climates and possibly mask the anticipated anthropogenic induced (rainfall) change, its use in regions such as Zimbabwe that have complex terrain is crucial. Understanding the physical mechanisms that control rainfall in the current climate also prov ...
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Rainfall variability, occupational choice, and welfare in rural Bangladesh
This study investigates the choice of occupational focus versus diversification between household members in rural Bangladesh as an autonomous and proactive adaptation strategy against ex ante local rainfall variability risks. The analysis combines nationally representative household level survey data with historical climate variability information at the Upazila level. The authors note that flood prone Upazilas may face reduced risks from local rainfall variability as compared with non-flood prone Upazilas. They find that two members of the same household are less likely to be self-employed i ...
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Le Karakorum, glacier de l'Himalaya qui ne fond pas: In lemonde.fr
2012Les glaciers de l'Himalaya fondent lentement, mais une partie d'entre eux sont dans un état stable, voire regagnent légèrement du volume : c'est ce qui ressort de deux articles scientifiques parus dans les revues Science du 20 avril et Nature Geoscience du 15 avril.
标准化降水指数用户指南
多年来，人们对某一特定气候条件下应该使用何种干旱指数、将其应用于何种目的等这类问题一直争论不休。人们也制定了许多干旱的定义和指数，并尝试为这类问题提供一些指导。
Índice normalizado de precipitación : guía del usuario
A lo largo de los años se ha debatido mucho sobre qué índices de sequía deberían utilizarse en
determinados climas y para cuáles aplicaciones. Se han elaborado muchas definiciones e índices
de sequía y se ha tratado de ofrecer orientación sobre este tema.
Guide d’utilisation de l’indice de précipitations normalisé
Savoir quel indice de sécheresse serait le mieux adapté à tel ou tel climat et à telle ou telle application est une question qui suscite force débats au fil des ans. Bon nombre de définitions et d’indices de la sécheresse ont vu le jour et certains auteurs se sont essayés à formuler des avis éclairés sur le sujet.
Руководство для пользователей стандартизированного индекса осадков
В течение ряда лет шло активное обсуждение вопроса о том, какие индексы засухи
следует использовать в конкретном климате и для какого применения. Были
подготовлены многочисленные определения и индексы засухи и предпринимались
попытки предоставить некоторое руководство по этому вопросу.
دليل مستخدمي المؤشر المعياري للهطول
Svoboda Mark; Hayes Michael; Wood Deborah A.; et al. - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2012 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1090)دار على مر السنين نقاش مستفيض بشأن أي مؤشرات الجفاف ينبغي استخدامه في مناخ معين ولأية تطبيقات يستخدم. ووُضعت تعاريف ومؤشرات كثيرة للجفاف، وجرت محاولات لتقديم بعض الإرشادات بشأن هذه المسألة. ونأمل في أن يساعد البلدان والمؤسسات في فهم كيفية حساب واستخدام المؤشر المعياري للهطول من أجل تطوير قدراتها الخاصة على رصد الجفاف والإنذار المبكر به، أو زيادة تعزيز هذه القدرات. ونأمل في أن يساعد البلدان والمؤسسات في فهم كيفية حساب واستخدام المؤشر المعياري للهطول من أجل تطوير قدراتها الخاصة على رصد الجفاف والإنذار المبكر به، أو زيادة تعزيز هذه القدرات.
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Dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on humidity in a multiple-cloud system
This study examines the dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on environmental humidity in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) which is composed of convective and stratiform clouds. The author found that increases in aerosol concentration enhance evaporative cooling, which raises not only the intensity of vorticity and entrainment but also that of downdrafts and low-level convergence. The increase in vorticity tends to suppress precipitation. The increase in low-level convergence tends to enhance precipitation by generating more secondary clouds in a muptiple-cloud system simulated her ...
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Vol. 27 No.2 - 2010
is an issue of Geofizika. Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute,, 20117. Janeković, I., Sikirić, M. D., Tomažić, I. and Kuzmić, M. (2010): Hindcasting the Adriatic Sea surface temperature and salinity: A recent modeling experience. Geofizika, 27, 85-100.
8. Anil Kumar, R., Dudhia, J. and Roy Bhowmik, S. K. (2010): Evaluation of physics options of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to simulate high impact heavy rainfall events over Indian Monsoon region. Geofizika, 27, 101-125.
9. Jurčec, V. and Dragojlović, D. (2010): The unexpected snowstorm of 13 - 14 January 2002 in Zagreb. Geofizika, 27, 127-145.
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Too little too late: Welfare impacts of rainfall shocks in rural Indonesia
The authors use regression analysis to assess the potential welfare impact of rainfall shocks in rural Indonesia. In particular, they consider two shocks: (i) a delay in the onset of monsoon and (ii) a significant shortfall in the amount of rain in the 90 day post-onset period. Focusing on households with family farm businesses, the analysis finds that a delay in the monsoon onset does not have a significant impact on the welfare of rice farmers. However, rice farm households located in areas exposed to low rainfall following the monsoon are negatively affected. Rice farm households appear to ...
CAWCR technical report, 40. Comparison of techniques for the calibration of coupled model forecasts of Murray Darling Basin seasonal mean rainfall
Charles Andrew; Hendon Harry H.; Wang Q.J.; et al. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2011Ensemble forecasts of South Eastern Australian rainfall from POAMA 1.5, a coupled oceanatmosphere dynamical model based seasonal prediction system run experimentally at the Bureau of Meteorology, tend to be under dispersed leading to overconfident probability forecasts. The poor reliability of seasonal forecasts based on dynamical coupled models is a barrier to their adoption as official outlooks by the Bureau of Meteorology. One approach to correcting this problem is model calibration, in which the probability distribution produced by the model is adjusted in light of available information ab ...
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