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Why Does Access to Good Climate Data Matter?
Over the course of human history, weather patterns have greatly influenced the growth of commerce and communities. But in a world experiencing climate change, past assumptions about the weather no longer hold true. Local, regional and national governments, as well as businesses, are grappling with their role as decision-makers. Climate data may be available but it is often hard to find, understand and apply to decision-making. Both private and public sector decision-makers need accessible, credible and relevant climate information to increase resilience to the more intense and frequent weather ...
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Rescue, Archive and Stewardship of Weather Records and Data
Data repositories and archives play a critical role as the source for the observational data used in the study of weather and climate. After over two centuries of recording observations on paper, observations in the last 20 years have mostly been collected digitally. Repositories around the world now have a mix of data on physical media, such as paper and microfilm, and digital media such as computer disks, magnetic tapes and DVDs. There is risk of data loss regardless of storage media. Repositories must identify, appraise, acquire, archive and migrate data to new technologies to make it avail ...
WCDMP, 84. Eighth Seminar for Homogenization and Quality Control in Climatological Databases and Third Conference on Spatial Interpolation Techniques in Climatology and Meteorology
The 8th Homogenization Seminar and the 3rd Conference on Spatial Interpolation were organized together considering certain theoretical and practical respects. Theoretically there is a strong connection between these topics since the homogenization and quality control procedures need spatial statistics and interpolation techniques for spatial comparison of data. On the other hand the spatial interpolation procedures (e.g. gridding) need homogeneous data series with high quality. Practically the CARPATCLIM project that was launched in 2010 and ended in 2013 is a good example for this problem. Th ...
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Big data for climate change and disaster resilience: realising the benefits for developing countries
This synthesis report explores the opportunities, challenges and required steps for leveraging the new ecosystem of Big Data to monitor and detect hazards, mitigate their effects, and assist in relief efforts. Ultimately the goal is to build resilience so that vulnerable communities and countries as complex human ecosystems not only ‘bounce back’ but also learn to adapt to maintain equilibrium in the face of natural hazards.
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State of social media technologies for disaster preparedness in Asia Pacific region
This report aims to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the implications of social media analysis tools for disaster preparedness, focusing on the Asia Pacific region. The research it is based on follows a technology-in-practice approach, that is, it examines users’ practices enacted in their interaction with technological features and functions (e.g., message broadcasting on Twitter, visual analytical tools on ThinkUp) in different situations. Specifically, this research aims to solicit data from humanitarian organizations’ self-reported opinions and usage of social media and relat ...
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School of Economics and Finance Working paper, 08/2015. Natural disasters and climate change in the Pacific island countries : new non-monetary measurements of impacts
In this article, the author tabulates and measures the burden of disasters on the Pacific Island Countries (PICs) by aggregating and comparing the data found in the two global datasets on disaster impacts.
The paper shows that the most commonly used dataset greatly underestimates the burden of disasters for the Pacific islands. Next, it describes a new index that aggregates disaster impacts, calculates this index for the PICs, and then compares the burden of disasters for the island countries of the Pacific with the island countries of the Caribbean. This comparison demonstrates ...
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Twitter as a potential disaster risk reduction tool: a systematic review. In PLOS Currents Disasters. 2015 Jul 1, Edition 1
This four-part study examines Twitter as a viable communications tool at the community level during crisis events with potential for disaster risk reduction and management, and establishes an evidence-based technological science and knowledge base necessary for community-level replication and education and training of this communications tool.
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Analyzing the Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction : International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, June 2015, Volume 6, Issue 2, Special
Springer, 2015These articles represent a first attempt to develop a baseline for understanding, analyzing, praising, and critiquing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) and its progress in implementation.
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Building local level engagement in disaster risk reduction: a Portugese case study
Contributing to the global dialogue on disaster risk reduction (DRR), the purpose of this paper is to address a key priority for the Post-2015 Framework for DRR (HFA2) by analyzing initiatives used by one local government to increase local-level engagement in DRR.
A review of literature from the multidisciplinary areas of communication, social and political theory examines the role that communication theory and practice can play in facilitating public participation to build community resilience. Building on these insights, the authors introduce a research methodology to examine ...
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Mapping of stakeholders and initiatives on early warning systems in Myanmar
Malteser International, 2015This study aims to analyze national and international stakeholders and their initiatives in Early Warning Systems in Myanmar, to identify priority gaps that need to be addressed by all stakeholders. It is presented as a first step towards supporting GoUM in information-gathering under the Myanmar Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (MAPDRR), in particular under Components (2) Risk Assessment, (3) Multi-hazard Early Warning System and (4) Preparedness at all levels, and especially in implementing Sub-Component (3.4) Enhanced Flood Monitoring and Forecasting Capacities at Township Levels.
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Trouver un boson de Higgs dans une botte de foin
Comme l’a montré l’article qui précède, la météorologie augmente rapidement sa capacité de gérer et de distribuer le volume croissant de données et d’informations produites par les Membres de l’OMM et diverses organisations. Il va de soi que d’autres branches scientifiques et techniques cherchent, elles aussi, le meilleur moyen de structurer d’énormes quantités de données. Et comme l’OMM, elles relèvent ce défi en mettant à profit l’expansion du réseau Internet, l’augmentation de la puissance des ordinateurs et l’affinement des logiciels.12
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Finding a Higgs Boson in a Haystack
When particles collide, data explodes. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN produces roughly one million gigabytes of data per second.
WCDMP, 83. IDARE White Paper
Congress during its sixteenth session in 2011 welcomed the decision of the Commission for Climatology during its fifteenth session in 2010 for improving WMO Climate System Monitoring including related methodologies and dissemination of monitoring reports for timely information on extreme weather and climate events occurring on large scale and having high socioeconomic impacts. A brochure called "Assessment of the observed extreme conditions during the 2009/2010 boreal winter" was published by WMO in 2010 and is now followed by this supplement to the WMO annual statement on the status of the g ...
IOM Report, 115. AMDAR Onboard Software Functional Requirements Specification : (Version 1.1, 2 June 2014)
This document provides a functional specification for AMDAR onboard software, which can be utilized by avionics software developers to build avionics software applications for AMDAR that will efficiently meet WMO standards and requirements for reporting of meteorological data from the aircraft platform utilizing aviation communications protocols and infrastructure.
Establishment and Operation of a Flood Information System in the Hindu Kush Himalayas “Making information travel faster than floods”, HKH HYCOS User Phase 2015-2019 : Project Document
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) - WMO, 2014Submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Finland by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal
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Promoting the use of climate information to achieve long-term development objectives in sub-Saharan Africa : results from the Future Climate For Africa scoping phase
This report is based on initial research into the use of long-term (5-40 year) climate information in Malawi, Rwanda, Zambia and the coastal cities of Accra, Ghana and Maputo, Mozambique to achieve long-term development objectives in sub-Saharan Africa . The study also assesses how long-term climate information is being used by planners of large dams and ports in Africa. The research finds that governments and businesses are failing to consider long-term climate information in investment planning: in most of the case study countries, not a single example of climate information being effectivel ...
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The need for multiple types of information to inform climate change assessment
Toman Mickael - World Bank, 2014Information on ecosystem characteristics as well as economic statistics is needed to more fully inform decision makers on the impacts of climate change on human well-being. Climate change risks involve potentially large and irreversible as well as highly uncertain impacts that need to be evaluated with information that complements cost-benefit analysis. Information on the irreversibility of impacts also is relevant for evaluating implications for intergenerational equity. In addition, climate change is subject to a large degree of Knightian uncertainty, making it useful to understand how indiv ...
Climate Data Management System Specifications
This publication establishes a framework defining the functionality required within a climate data management system (CDMS). A CDMS is an integrated computer-based system that facilitates the effective archival, management, analysis, delivery and utilization of a wide range of integrated climate data.
CH2014 - Impacts: toward quantitative scenarios of climate change impacts in Switzerland
Alda Erik - Switzerland Government, 2014This report aims to contribute to a future comprehensive quantitative depiction of potential climate change impacts in Switzerland, from which the impacted community can draw upon to inform and support stakeholders and policymakers. The report compiles quantitative information from multiple fields, based on common climate scenarios. It is thus an effort toward building a set of quantitative scenarios of climate change impacts in Switzerland, in analogy to the CH2011 climate scenarios.
Guidelines on the Preparation and Promulgation of the WMO Technical Regulations
The development of these Guidelines was prompted by the need to establish some common understanding, as well as rules and procedures, for those engaged in the preparation and promulgation of regulatory material in WMO. Their purpose therefore is to lay out principles and procedures with a view to improving the quality of the WMO Technical Regulations, Volume I to Volume IV and their annexes (manuals) and guides and ensure their consistency. The Guidelines are addressed to both technical commissions and other bodies drafting regulatory provisions (such as the Executive Council Panel of Experts ...
Guide des systèmes d’observation et de diffusion de l’information pour l’assistance météorologique à la navigation aérienne
Ce guide présente certains des systèmes d’observation existants qui sont susceptibles de répondre aux exigences pratiques de la météorologie aéronautique et donne des indications sur les systèmes que l’on juge les mieux adaptés aux différents contextes. Il préconise l’adoption, s’il y a lieu, des normes promulguées par l’OMM et l’Organisation de l’aviation civile internationale (OACI). Enfin, il aborde l’importante question du coût de la fourniture des observations en regard des avantages mesurables que l’on compte retirer d’une application donnée.
Guide to Meteorological Observing and Information Distribution Systems for Aviation Weather Services
This Guide presents some of the observing systems currently available to meet the stated operational requirements in aeronautical meteorology and provides guidance on the ones deemed most appropriate under different circumstances. Where applicable, the Guide encourages the adoption of WMO/International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards. An important issue considered is the cost of the provision of observations in relation to the expected measurable benefits to be derived from a particular application.
Руководство по системам метеорологических наблюдений и распространения информации для метеорологического обслуживания авиации
В настоящем Руководстве представлены некоторые из систем наблюдений, которые в
настоящее время имеются для удовлетворения заявленных оперативных потребностей в
области авиационной метеорологии, а также представлены рекомендации по системам,
наиболее подходящим для использования в различных обстоятельствах. Когда это
необходимо, Руководство стимулирует принятие стандартов ВМО и Международной
организации гражданской авиации (ИКАО). Важным рассмотренным вопросом является
стоимость обеспечения наблюдений относительно ожидаемых измеримых выгод,
получ ...
Guía de sistemas meteorológicos de observación y distribución de información para los servicios meteorológicos aeronáuticos
La presente Guía tiene por objeto describir diversos sistemas de observación actualmente en funcionamiento que responden a los requisitos operacionales establecidos y proponer sistemas que podrían ser más adecuados en función de circunstancias específicas. Si bien no se pretende aquí proponer ningún sistema de observación en particular, se alienta a adoptar las normas pertinentes de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) cuando proceda. En la elaboración de estas directrices se ha tenido en cuenta en todo momento el costo de adquisición y los beneficios cuantificables que podrían derivars ...
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Valuing Investments In Data Processing and Forecasting Systems - The Implications of the KMA Experience
The three main operational components of daily weather production systems are real-time observing and data collection, routine global exchange of data and information and the systematic operational processing of data to produce meteorological analyses, numerical weather predictions (NWP) and weather forecasts and warnings. Thus, these three components – the Global Observing System (GOS), the WMO Information System (WIS), and the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) – have formed the backbone of the World Weather Watch (WWW) System.
GCOS, 174. Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) - Update of the Technical Plan for BSRN Data Management
This report provides information for scientists interested in high quality surface radiation data as well as for scientists running a BSRN station. It offers information about the available data, the data access and describes tools to visualize the data and to check their quality.
IOM Report, 114. AMDAR Onboard Software Functional Requirements Specification : (Version 1.0, 16 July 2013)
This document provides a functional specification for AMDAR onboard software, which can be utilized by avionics software developers to build avionics software applications for AMDAR that will efficiently meet WMO standards and requirements for reporting of meteorological data from the aircraft platform utilizing aviation communications protocols and infrastructure.
SP, 09. WMO 2012 Survey on the Use of Satellite Data
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has undertaken the 2012 WMO Survey on the Use of Satellite Data to collect information on the availability and use of satellite data and products by users globally, and to identify any areas for improvement and remedial action. This is part of the work programme of the WMO Commission for Basic Systems Expert Team on Satellite Utilization and Products (ET-SUP).1 The total number of valid responses received was 227 (originating from 95 WMO Member countries2 ) of which 127 (56%) were provided by National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS), ...
CIMO Expert Team on Standardization : First session
This first session of the CIMO Expert Team on Standardization was held from 26 to 29 November 2012 at the WMO Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
The meeting followed up on the matter of the Siting Classification for Surface Observing Station on Land that was published in the WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8, CIMO Guide). It agreed on a way to provide clarifications on how to interpret and apply the classification through a question and answer website. It also reviewed the process for further developing this classification as a common WMO-I ...
WMO AMDAR Panel (15th Session): Final report
This document provides the Final Report of the 15 th Session of the WMO AMDAR Panel, which, was also the final Meeting of the Panel, having agreed to hand over full programmatic management and governance of the Aircraft-based and AMDAR observing systems to WMO and its Technical Commissions, CBS and CIMO. Most importantly, Members should be aware that this does not mean the end of AMDAR related developmental activities and there remains a strong need to continue supporting the work programme of the WMO Aircraft-based Observations programme. This programme will be managed jointly by a CBS Expert ...
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Using ICT and social media in disasters: opportunities and risks for government
This report examines four different issue areas to analyze how social media is used in the context of risk and crisis communication, using hurricane Sandy as an example. These areas include: public safety and preparedness; emergency warnings, alerts and requests for assistance; recovery efforts; and, finally, monitoring and situational awareness. In the context of each of these areas, the report highlights the key literature and real-life examples to explore the risks vs. opportunities in the utility of social media. These four areas capture the role of engagement and strategy in both the risk ...
Recording disaster losses: recommendations for a European approach
De Groeve Tom; European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) ; Poljansek Karmen; et al. - European Commission, 2013In this study commissioned by Directorate General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection of the European Commission, the Joint Research Centre formulates technical recommendations for a European approach to standardize loss databases. Loss data are useful for the implementation of disaster risk reduction strategies in Europe (from local to national scales) and to help understand disaster loss trends at global level.
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