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Evaluating a 3-D transport model of atmospheric CO2 using ground-based, aircraft, and space-borne data
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Feng L.; Palmer P.I.; Yang Y.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011We evaluate the GEOS-Chem atmospheric transport model (v8-02-01) of CO2 over 2003–2006, driven by GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 meteorology from the NASA Goddard Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, using surface, aircraft and space-borne concentration measurements of CO2. We use an established ensemble Kalman Filter to estimate a posteriori biospheric+biomass burning (BS + BB) and oceanic (OC) CO2 fluxes from 22 geographical regions, following the TransCom-3 protocol, using boundary layer CO2 data from a subset of GLOBALVIEW surface sites. Global annual net BS + BB + OC CO2 fluxes over 2004–2006 for ...
[article]Evaluating a 3-D transport model of atmospheric CO2 using ground-based, aircraft, and space-borne data
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Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2789-2011
L. Feng ; P.I. Palmer ; Y. Yang ; R.M. Yantosca ; S.R. Kawa ; J.-D. Paris ; H. Matsueda ; T. Machida
in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) > Vol. 11. N° 3 [03/01/2011] . - p.2789-2803We evaluate the GEOS-Chem atmospheric transport model (v8-02-01) of CO2 over 2003–2006, driven by GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 meteorology from the NASA Goddard Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, using surface, aircraft and space-borne concentration measurements of CO2. We use an established ensemble Kalman Filter to estimate a posteriori biospheric+biomass burning (BS + BB) and oceanic (OC) CO2 fluxes from 22 geographical regions, following the TransCom-3 protocol, using boundary layer CO2 data from a subset of GLOBALVIEW surface sites. Global annual net BS + BB + OC CO2 fluxes over 2004–2006 for GEOS-4 (GEOS-5) meteorology are −4.4 ± 0.9 (−4.2 ± 0.9), −3.9 ± 0.9 (−4.5 ± 0.9), and −5.2 ± 0.9 (−4.9 ± 0.9) PgC yr−1, respectively. After taking into account anthropogenic fossil fuel and bio-fuel emissions, the global annual net CO2 emissions for 2004–2006 are estimated to be 4.0 ± 0.9 (4.2 ± 0.9), 4.8 ± 0.9 (4.2 ± 0.9), and 3.8 ± 0.9 (4.1 ± 0.9) PgC yr−1, respectively. The estimated 3-yr total net emission for GEOS-4 (GEOS-5) meteorology is equal to 12.5 (12.4) PgC, agreeing with other recent top-down estimates (12–13 PgC). The regional a posteriori fluxes are broadly consistent in the sign and magnitude of the TransCom-3 study for 1992–1996, but we find larger net sinks over northern and southern continents. We find large departures from our a priori over Europe during summer 2003, over temperate Eurasia during 2004, and over North America during 2005, reflecting an incomplete description of terrestrial carbon dynamics. We find GEOS-4 (GEOS-5) a posteriori CO2 concentrations reproduce the observed surface trend of 1.91–2.43 ppm yr−1 (parts per million per year), depending on latitude, within 0.15 ppm yr−1 (0.2 ppm yr−1) and the seasonal cycle within 0.2 ppm (0.2 ppm) at all latitudes. We find the a posteriori model reproduces the aircraft vertical profile measurements of CO2 over North America and Siberia generally within 1.5 ppm in the free and upper troposphere but can be biased by up to 4–5 ppm in the boundary layer at the start and end of the growing season. The model has a small negative bias in the free troposphere CO2 trend (1.95–2.19 ppm yr−1) compared to AIRS data which has a trend of 2.21–2.63 ppm yr−1 during 2004–2006, consistent with surface data. Model CO2 concentrations in the upper troposphere, evaluated using CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner) aircraft measurements, reproduce the magnitude and phase of the seasonal cycle of CO2 in both hemispheres. We generally find that the GEOS meteorology reproduces much of the observed tropospheric CO2 variability, suggesting that these meteorological fields will help make significant progress in understanding carbon fluxes as more data become available.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Atmosphere ; Atmospheric circulation ; Carbon dioxide (CO2) ; Modelling ; Research ; Satellite ; Aircraft ascent, aircraft sounding
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Representation of tropical deep convection in atmospheric models – Part 1: Meteorology and comparison with satellite observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Russo M.R.; Marécal V.; Hoyle C.R.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Fast convective transport in the tropics can efficiently redistribute water vapour and pollutants up to the upper troposphere. In this study we compare tropical convection characteristics for the year 2005 in a range of atmospheric models, including numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, chemistry transport models (CTMs), and chemistry-climate models (CCMs). The model runs have been performed within the framework of the SCOUT-O3 (Stratospheric-Climate Links with Emphasis on the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere) project. The characteristics of tropical convection, such as seasonal c ...
[article]Representation of tropical deep convection in atmospheric models – Part 1: Meteorology and comparison with satellite observations
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Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2765-2011
M.R. Russo ; V. Marécal ; C.R. Hoyle ; J. Arteta ; C. Chemel ; M.P. Chipperfield ; O. Dessens ; W. Feng ; J.S. Hosking ; P.J. Telford ; O. Wild ; X. Yang ; J.A. Pyle
in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) > Vol. 11. N° 3 [03/01/2011] . - p.2765-2786Fast convective transport in the tropics can efficiently redistribute water vapour and pollutants up to the upper troposphere. In this study we compare tropical convection characteristics for the year 2005 in a range of atmospheric models, including numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, chemistry transport models (CTMs), and chemistry-climate models (CCMs). The model runs have been performed within the framework of the SCOUT-O3 (Stratospheric-Climate Links with Emphasis on the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere) project. The characteristics of tropical convection, such as seasonal cycle, land/sea contrast and vertical extent, are analysed using satellite observations as a benchmark for model simulations. The observational datasets used in this work comprise precipitation rates, outgoing longwave radiation, cloud-top pressure, and water vapour from a number of independent sources, including ERA-Interim analyses. Most models are generally able to reproduce the seasonal cycle and strength of precipitation for continental regions but show larger discrepancies with observations for the Maritime Continent region. The frequency distribution of high clouds from models and observations is calculated using highly temporally-resolved (up to 3-hourly) cloud top data. The percentage of clouds above 15 km varies significantly between the models. Vertical profiles of water vapour in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) show large differences between the models which can only be partly attributed to temperature differences. If a convective plume reaches above the level of zero net radiative heating, which is estimated to be ~15 km in the tropics, the air detrained from it can be transported upwards by radiative heating into the lower stratosphere. In this context, we discuss the role of tropical convection as a precursor for the transport of short-lived species into the lower stratosphere.
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Atmospheric circulation ; Chemical model of climate ; Modelling ; Observations ; Numerical weather prediction ; Research ; Satellite
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GCOS, 153. Report from the Fourth Meeting of the WCRP Observation and Assimilation Panel (WOAP)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2011
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Available online: Full text
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme ; International Council for Science ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
Published by: WMO ; 2011Collection(s) and Series: GCOS- No. 153
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) ; Capacity development ; Climate monitoring ; Satellite ; Data assimilation
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WCRP Informal/Series Report, 33/2011. Report from the Fourth Meeting of the WCRP Observation and Assimilation Panel (WOAP)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2011
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Available online: Full text
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme ; International Council for Science ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
Published by: WMO ; 2011Collection(s) and Series: WCRP Informal/Series Report- No. 33/2011
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) ; World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ; Capacity development ; Climate monitoring ; Satellite ; Data assimilation ; GCOS 153
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Global Observing System (GOS). Dossier on the Space-based component of the GOS and related information
New issue of the Dossier on the Space-based Component of the Global Observing System (GOS-2011) for download. The dossier, updated in June 2011, includes:
- Introduction
- Volume 1: Satellite programme description
- Volume 2: Earth Observation satellites and their instruments
- Volume 3: Gap Analysis in the space-based component of the GOS
- Volume 4: Estimated quality of products from typical instruments
- Volume 5: Compliance analysis of potential produt quality with users' requirements
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Available online: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/gos-dossier_en.php
Published by: WMO ; 2011
New issue of the Dossier on the Space-based Component of the Global Observing System (GOS-2011) for download. The dossier, updated in June 2011, includes:
- Introduction
- Volume 1: Satellite programme description
- Volume 2: Earth Observation satellites and their instruments
- Volume 3: Gap Analysis in the space-based component of the GOS
- Volume 4: Estimated quality of products from typical instruments
- Volume 5: Compliance analysis of potential produt quality with users' requirementsCollection(s) and Series: Global Observing System (GOS)
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Observations ; Satellite ; Global Observing System (GOS) ; WMO Space Programme (SAT)
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Flash Flood Processes: International Edition
Flash floods can occur in nearly any area of the world. A rainfall-induced flash flood is a truly hydrometeorological event: one that depends on both hydrologic and meteorological conditions. Forecasting flash floods involves a detailed understanding of the local hydrologic features and continual monitoring of the current meteorological situation. This module examines both the hydrologic and meteorological processes that often contribute to the development of flash flooding. Common tools and technologies that are used in flash flood monitoring and forecasting, from manual gauging systems to co ...
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Handbook - Earth Exploration-Satellite Service
ITU, 2011This Handbook gives to readers a full and comprehensive information on development of EESS systems. Specifically, it provides basic definitions, sheds light on the technical principles underlying the operation of systems and presents their main applications to assist administrations in spectrum planning, engineering and deployment aspects of these systems.
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Space and Climate Change : use of space-based technologies in the United Nations system
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA); United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA); et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO-No. 1081)This publication describes the three global observing systems, which are co-sponsored by several United Nations organizations and the International Council for Science (ICSU), in addition to efforts conducted by United Nations organizations targeting climate change and its impacts through the use of satellite observations.
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SP, 08. Status of the availability and use of satellite data and products by WMO members : for the period 2008-2009
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Toward an Advanced Sounder on GOES?
This module uses recorded interviews from several satellite meteorologists and respected satellite experts to describe how a high spectral resolution infrared sounder in geostationary orbit would lead to significant improvements in mesoscale and severe weather forecasting and numerical weather prediction. Discussions focus on the currently unsatisfied need for an advanced sounder in geostationary orbit and the potential contributions this capability could provide.
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Proceedings of the OceanObs'09 Conference - Ocean information for society : sustaining the benefits, realizing the potential
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; European Space Agency (ESA); European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT); et al. - ESA Publications Division, 2010Vol. 1: Plenary papers;
Vol. 2.1: Community white papers;
Vol. 2.2: Community white papers (part 2);
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SP, 07. The Space-based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)
This document continues the series submitted by WMO at yearly intervals, aiming at reviewing the status of satellite programmes and analysing particular aspects. It is structured as a Dossier comprising an Introduction followed by five Volumes: Vol. I Satellite programmes description; Vol. II Earth observation satellites and their instruments; Vol. III Gap analysis in the space-based component of GOS; Vol. IV Estimated performance of products from typical satellite instruments; Vol. V Compliance analysis of potential product performances with user.
requirements
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GCOS, 143. Guideline for the Generation of Datasets and Products Meeting GCOS Requirements*
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1530)This guideline is intended to help all producers of climate-relevant datasets (e.g., meteorological services, research institutions, oceanographic centres, environmental agencies, space agencies, universities) in the way they document, assess the quality of, and publicize their work related to the generation, processing and analysis of climate datasets and derived products (i.e. Fundamental Climate Data Records (FCDRs)2 and Essential Climate Variable products (ECV, cf. Annex I)), based on observations from surface-based, airborne and satellite-based instruments.
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SP, 06. Status of the availability and use of satellite data and products by WMO Members for the period 2006–2007
This document provides the results of an analysis of the responses to an edition of the biennial questionnaire that was distributed to WMO Members in early 2008 in order to assess the status of the availability and use of satellite data and products during the period 2006-2007.
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