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GAW Report, 266. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global GAW Station Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus Germany, September 2020
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; C. Zellweger, M. Steinbacher, B. Buchmann, R. Steinbrecher - WMO, 2021The 6th system and performance audit by WCC-Empa at the global GAW station Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus (ZSF) was conducted from 8 - 9 September 2020 in agreement with the WMO/GAW quality assurance system. This report summarises the assessment of the Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus GAW station in general, as well as the surface ozone, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide measurements in particular. The recommendations found in this report are graded as minor, important and critical and are complemented by a priority indication and a suggested completion date.
GAW Report, 263. Report of the Fifth Methane Reference Gas Inter-comparison Experiment for Japan from 2018 to 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA); Teruo Kawasaki, Atsuya Kinoshita, Yousuke Sawa, Akihiko Murata, Shinji Morimoto, Shohei Murayama, Toshinobu Machida, Motoki Sasakawa, Kazuhiro Tsuboi - WMO, 2021The WCC-JMA organized six rounds of the CH4 reference gas inter-comparison experiments from 2001 to 2019 to quantify differences among CH4 standard scales implemented at each participating laboratory as well as to monitor the long-term stability of standard gases in Asia and the South-West Pacific. In the 5th round inter-comparison for Japan, two reference gas cylinders were circulated in turn to JMA, JAMSTEC, TU, AIST, NIES, MRI, and JMA from September 2018 to April 2019. The measurement results of JAMSTEC and WCC-JMA have shown a good agreement with differences of less than 0.4 ppb for two ...
GAW Report, 265. System and Performance audit for Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds at the Global GAW Station Cape Verde, December 2019
A system and performance audit for VOCs was conducted at the Cabo Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVO) (co-organised by the Chemistry Department, University of York and by the World Calibration Centre for VOC, WCC-VOC). The audit was conducted from November 27th to December 2nd in year 2019. The observatory is operated as a global GAW station and analyses on-line air samples directly collected at the station towers. The audit was conducted according to the existing WMO/GAW guidelines and SOPs for audits . The audit directly involved the responsible site research scientist and the station manage ...
GAW Report, 264. Report of the Sixth Methane Reference Gas Inter-comparison Experiment for Asia from 2018 to 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Teruo Kawasaki, Atsuya Kinoshita, Yousuke Sawa, Shuangxi Fang, Haeyoung Lee, Yogesh K. Tiwari - WMO, 2021The WCC-JMA organized six rounds of the CH4 reference gas inter-comparison experiments from 2001 to 2019 to quantify differences among CH4 standard scales implemented at each participating laboratory as well as to monitor the long-term stability of standard gases in Asia and the South-West Pacific. In the 6th round robin inter-comparison for Asia, two reference gas cylinders were circulated in turn to JMA, CMA, KMA/NIMS, IITM, and JMA from January 2018 to September 2019. The inter-comparison results confirmed that the differences between each laboratory and WCC-JMA were within the GAW networ ...
GAW Report, 257. Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET); Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe (El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station, Huelva, Spain, 17–28 June 2019) - WMO, 2021The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), represents a centre of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife, including the high altitude Izaña Observatory, which was inaugurated in 1916 and has since carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations and become a WMO Centennial Station.
This report summarizes the many activities of the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center.
An Update on Low-cost Sensors for the Measurement of Atmospheric Composition, December 2020
Richard E. Peltier ; Núria Castell, Andrea L Clements, Tim Dye, Christoph Hüglin, Jesse H Kroll, Zhi Ning, Matthew Parsons,Michele Penza, Fabienne Reisen, Erika von Schneidemesser ; Adrian Arfire, Àlex Boso, Qingyan Fu, David Hagan, Geoff Henshaw, Rohan Jayaratne, Roderic Jones, Kerry Kelly, Vasu Kilaru, Iq Mead, Lidia Morawska, Dario Papale, Richard Peltier, Andrea Polidori, Xavier Querol, Jessica Seddon, Philipp Schneider, Oksana T - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1215)The report reflects on the state of the art in terms of accuracy, reliability and reproducibility of different sensors used for the measurements of reactive and greenhouse gases, and aerosols, along with the key analytical principles and what has been learned so far about low-cost sensors from both laboratory studies and real-world tests (up to August 2020). In some cases, scientific literature that had been accepted, but not yet published in a final form, was included in this review. Some national and international government documents were also included in this synthesis. The report includes ...
GCOS, 237. Report of the Twelfth GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-12)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
GCOS, 236. GCOS Steering Committe Twenty-eighth Session (GCOS SC-28)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.16: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2019
This Bulletin represents the latest analysis of observations from the WMO GAW Programme. It shows globally averaged surface mole fractions for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and compares them with the mole fractions during the previous year and with the preindustrial levels. It also provides insights on the change in radiative forcing by long-lived GHGs (LLGHGs) and contribution of individual gases to this increase.
GAW Report, 261. Sixth Session of the CAS Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; CAS Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee, Sixth session (11-14 November 2019; Geneva, Switzerland) - WMO, 2020
Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 16: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2019 году
В настоящем бюллетене представлены результаты самого последнего анализа наблюдений, проведенных в рамках Программы ГСА ВМО. В нем приводятся глобально усредненные приземные мольные доли двуокиси углерода (CO2), метана (CH4) и закиси азота (N2O) и проведено их сравнение с мольными долями за предыдущий год и с доиндустриальными уровнями. Бюллетень также дает представление об изменении радиационного воздействия долгоживущих парниковых газов (ДПГ) и о вкладе отдельных газов в это увеличение.
لمنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية نشرة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمیة المنفذة خلال عام 2019
تمثل هذه النشرة أحدث تحليل لعمليات الرصد التي ينفذها برنامج المراقبة العالمية للغلاف الجوي التابع للمنظمة. كما أنها تبين المتوسط العالمي للكسور الجزيئية السطحية لثاني أكسيد الكربون والميثان وأكسيد النيتروز وتقارنها بالكسور الجزيئية للعام السابق وبمستويات ما قبل العصر الصناعي. وتقدم أيضاً رؤى حول التغير في القصر الإشعاعي لغازات الاحتباس الحراري طويلة العمر ومساهمة فرادى الغازات في هذه الزيادة
世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第16期: 基于2019年全球观测资料的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2020本公报是对WMO GAW计划观测结果的最新分析。它展示了二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的全球平均表面摩尔分数，并将之与上一年和工业化前水平的摩尔分数进行了比较。公报还提供关于长寿命温室气体(LLGHG)辐射强迫的变化以及各气体对这一增长的贡献的见解。
Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°16: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2019
El presente Boletín contiene el análisis más reciente de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del Programa de Vigilancia de la Atmósfera Global (VAG) de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial. En él se exponen los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares en superficie del dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O) y se comparan con las fracciones molares del año anterior y con las concentraciones de la era preindustrial. También se proporciona información sobre el incremento en el forzamiento radiativo causado por los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de larga d ...
Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre - N°16: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère, d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2019
Cette édition du Bulletin contient la toute dernière analyse des observations recueillies dans le cadre du Programme de la Veille de l’atmosphère globale de l’OMM. Elle présente les fractions molaires en surface à l'échelle du globe du dioxyde de carbone (CO2), du méthane (CH4) et du protoxyde d'azote (N2O), et les compare avec les valeurs de l’année précédente et de l’époque préindustrielle. Elle donne également un aperçu de l’évolution du forçage radiatif induit par les gaz à effet de serre persistants ainsi que de la contribution de chaque gaz à cette augmentation.
GCOS, 235. Report of the 9th Session of the GTN-H Panel
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU) - WMO, 2020
GAW Report, 253/Research Infrastructure Quality Assurance. International Comparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Comparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers, Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa, 7-18 October 2019 - WMO, 2020
GAW Report, 250. Global Atmosphere Watch Expert Meeting on Measurement-Model Fusion for Global Total Atmospheric Deposition (MMF-GTAD)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Global Atmosphere Watch Expert Meeting on Measurement-Model Fusion for Global Total Atmospheric Deposition (MMF-GTAD) (26-27 February 2019; Geneva, Switzerland) - WMO, 2020
GCOS, 232. Report of the twenty-seventh session of the WMO-IOC-UNEP-ISC steering committee for GCOS
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2020
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.15: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2018
Measurements of the content of radiocarbon (14C) in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) provide a unique way to discriminate between fossil fuel combustion and natural sources of CO2. Simultaneous observations of CO2 and 14C demonstrate the decline of 14C content in atmospheric CO2 caused by CO2 addition from fossil fuel combustion. This finding illustrates the importance of long-term measurements of atmospheric composition by laboratories involved in the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme in helping identify greenhouse gas emission sources.
GAW Report, 247. Izaña Atmospheric Research Center : Activity Report 2017-2018
The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), represents a centre of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife, including the high altitude Izaña Observatory, which was inaugurated in 1916 and has since carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations and become a WMO Centennial Station.
This report summarizes the many activities of the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center.
Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°15: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2018
Las mediciones del contenido de radiocarbono (14C) en el dióxido de carbono atmosférico (CO2) ofrecen una manera singular de distinguir entre la quema de combustibles fósiles y las fuentes naturales de CO2 . Las observaciones simultáneas de CO2 y 14C demuestran la disminución del contenido de 14C en el CO2 atmosférico provocada por la incorporación de CO2 procedente de la quema de combustibles fósiles. Este hallazgo pone de relieve la importancia de las mediciones a largo plazo de la composición atmosférica realizadas por los laboratorios que participan en el Programa de la Vigilancia de la At ...
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GAW Report, 248. Twelfth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center Europe
The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), represents a centre of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife, including the high altitude Izaña Observatory, which was inaugurated in 1916 and has since carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations and become a WMO Centennial Station.
This report summarizes the many activities of the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center.
世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第14期: 基于2018年全球观测资料的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2019宇宙射线会在高层大气中产生极少量的 14CO2。14C具有放射性且缓慢衰减，其半 衰期为5700年，造成在大气CO2中以及在 由CO2形成的植物体中有少量但可测出的 14C含量。化石燃料是由数百万年前的植物 体所形成，因此，如果植物存活，在其留 在地壳中时，任何14C已开始衰变。
لمنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية نشرة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمیة المنفذة خلال عام 2018
الكربون في الغلاف الجوي وفي المواد النباتیة التي تتكون من ثاني أكسید الكربون ( CO2 ). وقد تكوَّن الوقود الأحفوري من مواد نباتیة منذ ملایین السنین، ومن ثم فإن أي كربون مشع ( 14C ) كان موجوداً عندما كانت النباتات حیّة قد تحلل منذ ذلك الحین أثناء بقاء تلك النباتات في قشرة الأرض
Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 15: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2018 г.
Измерения концентрации радиоактивного углерода (14C) в составе атмосферного углекислого газа (CO2) дают уникальный способ отличить продукты сжигания ископаемого топлива от природных источников CO2. Одновременные наблюдения за CO2 и 14C свидетельствуют о снижении содержания 14C в атмосферном CO2, вызванном выбросом в атмосферу дополнительных объемов CO2 в результате сжигания ископаемого топлива. Этот вывод иллюстрирует важность проведения долгосрочных измерений состава атмосферы лабораториями, участвующими в Программе Глобальной службы атмосферы ВМО (ГСА), для содействия установлению источников ...
Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre - N°15: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2018
Les mesures de la teneur en radiocarbone (14C) dans le dioxyde de carbone atmosphérique (CO2) fournissent un moyen unique d’établir une distinction entre la combustion de matières fossiles et les sources naturelles de CO2. Des observations simultanées du CO2 et du 14C font état d’une diminution de la teneur en 14C dans le CO2 atmosphérique due à l’ajout de CO2 provenant de la combustion de matières fossiles. Cette découverte illustre l’importance des mesures à long terme de la composition de l’atmosphère effectuées par les laboratoires qui participent au Programme de la Veille de l’atmosphère ...
GCOS, 230. Report of the Eleventh GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-11)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019
CESM Distance Learning Course
The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a fully-coupled, community, global climate model that provides state-of-the-art computer simulations of the Earth's past, present, and future climate states. The CESM Distance Learning Course is based on the CESM Tutorial held annually at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. This course consists of 12 lectures and 4 practical sessions on simulating the climate system and practical sessions on running Community Earth System Model (CESM), modifying components, and analyzing data. The course is targeted at the graduat ...
Introducing the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 Satellite System - Next Generation Observations for Weather and Climate
The latest-generation Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2) provides high-resolution observations of Earth's atmosphere, including the ionosphere. In this video, scientists and mission planners introduce the instrumentation used and describe the collaborations that made the COSMIC-2 mission possible. These experts describe how COSMIC uses a technique called radio occultation—making use of existing navigation satellite signals passing through the atmosphere to provide detailed measurements of temperature, pressure, and water vapor. They ex ...
Satellite Signals from Space: Smart Science for Understanding Weather and Climate
Want to know about COSMIC, and how satellite signals can provide information about Earth's atmosphere? This video provides anyone interested in the topic with a brief overview of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate, called COSMIC. Targeted to students and teachers in Grades 5-9 but accessible to anyone, the video introduces the latest COSMIC mission (COSMIC-2), which uses satellites orbiting near Earth to measure how the atmosphere affects signals from global positioning system (GPS) satellites high above the surface. This technique is called radio occul ...
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.14: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2017
The latest analysis of observations from the WMO GAW Programme shows that globally averaged surface mole fractions(1) calculated from this in situ network for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2017, with CO2 at 405.5 ± 0.1 ppm(2), CH4 at 1859 ± 2 ppb(3) and N2O at 329.9 ± 0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 146%, 257% and 122% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. The increase in CO2 from 2016 to 2017 was smaller than that observed from 2015 to 2016 and practically equal to the average growth rate over the last decade. The influence ...
GCOS, 218. 23rd Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC-23)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
IOM Report, 128. Interlaboratory Comparison in the field of Temperature, Humidity and Pressure, in the WMO Regional Association VI (MM-ILC-2015-THP)
The subject of this report is evaluation of the interlaboratory comparison in the field of measurement of temperature, humidity and pressure. The interlaboratory comparison was held within the framework of the MeteoMet 2 project, in the scope of proficiency testing scheme organized by the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Metrology and Quality (UL-FE/LMK), except pressure part. All the analysis were done in accordance with accredited procedures.
Instrumentation and Measurement of Atmospheric Humidity
This lesson provides an overview of the science and techniques related to measuring humidity, or the amount of water vapor, in Earth's atmosphere. After beginning with a review of the units used for humidity, the learner will examine the three main types of hygrometers (material, thermodynamic, and optical) and explore instruments within each of these categories. The lesson provides information about the advantages and limitations of various humidity instruments. The effects of siting, sheltering, and ventilation on humidity measurements are also addressed. The lesson is part of the Instrument ...
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