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GAW Report, 280. Fifth WMO Filter Radiometer Comparison (FRC-V) 27 September to 25 October 2021 Davos, Switzerland (GAW 280)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Julian Gröbner - WMO, 2023The Fifth Filter Radiometer Comparison (FRC-V) was held with one year of delay due to COVID-19 pandemic and relative restrictions, concurrently with the 13th International Pyrheliometer Comparison in Davos, Switzerland. Instrumentation belonging to different AOD global networks were invited and participated. Also, three reference instruments from the Calibration of Aerosol Remote Sensing (CARS) of the pan-European research infrastructure ACTRIS (Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure) facility participated. The comparison took place at the premises of PMOD/WRC from September 2 ...
Fifth WMO Filter Radiometer Comparison (FRC-V) 27 September to 25 October 2021 Davos, Switzerland (GAW 280)
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World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Julian Gröbner
Published by: WMO ; 2023The Fifth Filter Radiometer Comparison (FRC-V) was held with one year of delay due to COVID-19 pandemic and relative restrictions, concurrently with the 13th International Pyrheliometer Comparison in Davos, Switzerland. Instrumentation belonging to different AOD global networks were invited and participated. Also, three reference instruments from the Calibration of Aerosol Remote Sensing (CARS) of the pan-European research infrastructure ACTRIS (Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure) facility participated. The comparison took place at the premises of PMOD/WRC from September 27th to October 25th, 2021. Thirtytwo (32) filter radiometers and spectroradiometers from 12 countries participated in this campaign.
The objective of this campaign was to compare aerosol optical depth and Ångström exponents (AE) derived from different instruments belonging to different global, regional or national networks in order to quantify the main factors that are responsible for possible deviations. The aim of the whole activity was to initiate action towards homogenization of the AOD measurements on a global scale. The comparison protocol was formulated according to the WMO recommendations. Measurements of each instrument were compared to the WORCC Precision Filter Radiometer (PFR) reference triad.Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 280
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Atmospheric chemistry ; Pollution ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
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GAW Report, 282. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global Gaw Station Jungfraujoch Switzerland, November 2021 (GAW 282)
System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global Gaw Station Jungfraujoch Switzerland, November 2021 (GAW 282)
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Published by: WMO ; 2023
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 282
Language(s): English
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GAW Report, 281. Guidelines for Measurements of Non-Methane Hydrocarbons in the Troposphere (GAW 281)
, UncertaintyExampleWMOGAWMGVOC_Excel file
Published by: WMO ; 2023
Notes: Author’s affiliation
E.C. Apel: Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling laboratory at National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Co., USA
A. Baldan: VSL National Metrology Institute, The Netherlands
A. Claude: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Germany
J. Englert: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Germany
A.-M. Fjaeraa: NILU (Norwegian Institute of Air Research)
M. Guillevic: EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Switzerland
D. Helmig: Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, and Boulder AIR, Boulder, CO, USA
C. C Hoerger: EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Switzerland
J. Hopkins: Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of York, USA
A. C. Lewis: Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of York, USA
C. Plass-Duelmer: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Germany
S. Reimann: EMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Switzerland
S. Sauvage: Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, France
I. J Simpson: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
R. Steinbrecher: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
D. Worton: National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UKCollection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 281
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Atmospheric chemistry ; Pollution ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
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GAW Report, 283. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global Gaw Station Pallas, Finland, July 2021 (GAW 283)
System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global Gaw Station Pallas, Finland, July 2021 (GAW 283)
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Published by: WMO ; 2023
Collection(s) and Series: GAW Report- No. 283
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Atmosphere ; Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW)
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GCOS, 249. Second GCOS Climate Observation Conference (GCOS 249)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2023
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission ; United Nations Environment Programme ; International Science Council , (ISC)
Published by: WMO ; 2023Collection(s) and Series: GCOS- No. 249
Language(s): English
Format: Digital (Free)Tags: Atmosphere ; Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
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المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية، نشرة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: رقم 18: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمية المنفذة خلال عام 2021
تمثل هذه النشرة أحدث تحليل لعمليات الرصد التي ينفذها برنامج المراقبة العالمية للغلاف الجوي التابع للمنظمة. كما أنها تبين المتوسط العالمي للكسور الجزيئية السطحية لثاني أكسيد الكربون والميثان وأكسيد النيتروز وتقارنها بالكسور الجزيئية للعام السابق وبمستويات ما قبل العصر الصناعي. وتقدم أيضاً رؤى حول التغير في القصر الإشعاعي لغازات الاحتباس الحراري طويلة العمر ومساهمة فرادى الغازات في هذه الزيادة
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°18: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2021
El presente Boletín contiene el análisis más reciente de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del Programa de Vigilancia de la Atmósfera Global (VAG) de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial. En él se exponen los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares en superficie del dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O) y se comparan con las fracciones molares del año anterior y con las concentraciones de la era preindustrial. También se proporciona información sobre el incremento en el forzamiento radiativo causado por los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de larga d ...
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GAW Report, 276. Izaña Atmospheric Research Center : Activity Report 2019-2020
The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), represents a centre of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife, including the high altitude Izaña Observatory, which was inaugurated in 1916 and has since carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations and become a WMO Centennial Station.
This report summarizes the many activities of the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center.
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Bulletin de l'OMM sur les gaz à effect de serre - N°18: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère, d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2021
Cette édition du Bulletin contient la toute dernière analyse des observations recueillies dans le cadre du Programme de la Veille de l’atmosphère globale de l’OMM. Elle présente les fractions molaires en surface à l'échelle du globe du dioxyde de carbone (CO2), du méthane (CH4) et du protoxyde d'azote (N2O), et les compare avec les valeurs de l’année précédente et de l’époque préindustrielle. Elle donne également un aperçu de l’évolution du forçage radiatif induit par les gaz à effet de serre persistants ainsi que de la contribution de chaque gaz à cette augmentation.
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 18: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2021 году
В настоящем бюллетене представлены результаты самого последнего анализа наблюдений, проведенных в рамках Программы ГСА ВМО. В нем приводятся глобально усредненные приземные мольные доли двуокиси углерода (CO2), метана (CH4) и закиси азота (N2O) и проведено их сравнение с мольными долями за предыдущий год и с доиндустриальными уровнями. Бюллетень также дает представление об изменении радиационного воздействия долгоживущих парниковых газов (ДПГ) и о вкладе отдельных газов в это увеличение.
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世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第18期: 基于2021年全球观测的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2022本公报是对WMO GAW计划观测结果的最新分析。它展示了二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的全球平均表面摩尔分数,并将之与上一年和工业化前水平的摩尔分数进行了比较。公报还提供关于长寿命温室气体(LLGHG)辐射强迫的变化以及各气体对这一增长的贡献的见解。
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GAW Report, 277. Global Air Quality Forecasting and Information System (GAFIS) Implementation Plan: 2022–2026
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.18: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2021
This Bulletin represents the latest analysis of observations from the WMO GAW Programme. It shows globally averaged surface mole fractions for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and compares them with the mole fractions during the previous year and with the preindustrial levels. It also provides insights on the change in radiative forcing by long-lived GHGs (LLGHGs) and contribution of individual gases to this increase.
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GCOS, 248. 27th Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (GCOS 248)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2022
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GCOS, 244. The 2022 GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-244)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2022
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GCOS, 245. The 2022 GCOS ECVs Requirements (GCOS 245)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2022
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GAW Report, 275. IG3IS Urban Greenhouse Gas Emission Observation and Monitoring Good Research Practice Guidelines
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GAW Report, 273. Seventh Session of the Research Board Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Seventh session report of the Research Board Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee (8–11 February 2021, Geneva, Switzerland) - WMO, 2022
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المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية، نشرة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: رقم 17: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمية المنفذة خلال عام 2020
تمثل هذه النشرة أحدث تحليل لعمليات الرصد التي ينفذها برنامج المراقبة العالمية للغلاف الجوي التابع للمنظمة. كما أنها تبين المتوسط العالمي للكسور الجزيئية السطحية لثاني أكسيد الكربون والميثان وأكسيد النيتروز وتقارنها بالكسور الجزيئية للعام السابق وبمستويات ما قبل العصر الصناعي. وتقدم أيضاً رؤى حول التغير في القصر الإشعاعي لغازات الاحتباس الحراري طويلة العمر ومساهمة فرادى الغازات في هذه الزيادة
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GAW Report, 257. Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET); Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe (El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station, Huelva, Spain, 17–28 June 2019) - WMO, 2021XIV Regional intercomparison of the Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) was held at El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station of the “Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial” (INTA) during the period 17 – 28 of June, 2019. 21 Brewer spectrometers, 15 operators and experts from 11 countries took part in XIV Regional intercomparison campaign. The campaign was organized in collaboration with the “Area of Instrumentation and Atmospheric Research” of INTA, with the support of the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) program of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The Brewer travelli ...
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世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第17期: 基于2020年全球观测的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2021本公报是对WMO GAW计划观测结果的最新分析。它展示了二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的全球平均表面摩尔分数,并将之与上一年和工业化前水平的摩尔分数进行了比较。公报还提供关于长寿命温室气体(LLGHG)辐射强迫的变化以及各气体对这一增长的贡献的见解。
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Bulletin de l'OMM sur les gaz à effect de serre - N°17: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère, d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2020
El presente Boletín contiene el análisis más reciente de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del Programa de Vigilancia de la Atmósfera Global (VAG) de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial. En él se exponen los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares en superficie del dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O) y se comparan con las fracciones molares del año anterior y con las concentraciones de la era preindustrial. También se proporciona información sobre el incremento en el forzamiento radiativo causado por los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de larga d ...
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°17: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2020
El presente Boletín contiene el análisis más reciente de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del Programa de Vigilancia de la Atmósfera Global (VAG) de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial. En él se exponen los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares en superficie del dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O) y se comparan con las fracciones molares del año anterior y con las concentraciones de la era preindustrial. También se proporciona información sobre el incremento en el forzamiento radiativo causado por los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de larga d ...
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 17: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2020 году
В настоящем бюллетене представлены результаты самого последнего анализа наблюдений, проведенных в рамках Программы ГСА ВМО. В нем приводятся глобально усредненные приземные мольные доли двуокиси углерода (CO2), метана (CH4) и закиси азота (N2O) и проведено их сравнение с мольными долями за предыдущий год и с доиндустриальными уровнями. Бюллетень также дает представление об изменении радиационного воздействия долгоживущих парниковых газов (ДПГ) и о вкладе отдельных газов в это увеличение.
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GAW Report, 270. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global GAW Station Hohenpeissenberg Germany June/July 2020
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GAW Report, 268. Ozonesonde Measurement Principles and Best Operational Practices : ASOPOS 2.0 (Assessment of Standard Operating Procedures for Ozonesondes) August 2021
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.17: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2020
This Bulletin represents the latest analysis of observations from the WMO GAW Programme. It shows globally averaged surface mole fractions for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and compares them with the mole fractions during the previous year and with the preindustrial levels. It also provides insights on the change in radiative forcing by long-lived GHGs (LLGHGs) and contribution of individual gases to this increase.
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GAW Report, 269. Measurement-Model Fusion for Global Total Atmospheric Deposition Initiative : Implementation Plan for 2021–2026
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GAW Report, 267/Research Infrastructure Quality Assurance. Fifth International Comparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers Villa Ortúzar Observatory, Argentina, 4-22 March 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Glen McConville, Koji Miyagawa, and Gerardo Carbajal Benítez - WMO, 2021This report describes the Fifth Intercomparison of Dobson Spectophotometers (IC/BUA-19) carried out at the Main Buenos Aires Observatory (Villa Ortúzar) of the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina) (SMN) from 4 March to 22 March 2019. The Dobson spectrophotometer D065 was used as a reference for comparison of measured ozone column values and to calibrate individual instruments. The Regional Standard (R-III) also participated in the event and was calibrated. Through this activity, the data obtained by individual Dobson Spectrophotometers at different measurement sites will be standardized ...
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An Update on Low-cost Sensors for the Measurement of Atmospheric Composition, December 2020
Richard E. Peltier ; Núria Castell, Andrea L Clements, Tim Dye, Christoph Hüglin, Jesse H Kroll, Shih-Chun Candice Lung, Zhi Ning, Matthew Parsons, Michele Penza, Fabienne Reisen and Erika von Schneidemesser - WMO, 2021 (WMO-No. 1215)The report reflects on the state of the art in terms of accuracy, reliability and reproducibility of different sensors used for the measurements of reactive and greenhouse gases, and aerosols, along with the key analytical principles and what has been learned so far about low-cost sensors from both laboratory studies and real-world tests (up to August 2020). In some cases, scientific literature that had been accepted, but not yet published in a final form, was included in this review. Some national and international government documents were also included in this synthesis. The report includes ...
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GAW Report, 266. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global GAW Station Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus Germany, September 2020
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; C. Zellweger, M. Steinbacher, B. Buchmann, R. Steinbrecher - WMO, 2021The 6th system and performance audit by WCC-Empa at the global GAW station Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus (ZSF) was conducted from 8 - 9 September 2020 in agreement with the WMO/GAW quality assurance system. This report summarises the assessment of the Zugspitze-Schneefernerhaus GAW station in general, as well as the surface ozone, methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide measurements in particular. The recommendations found in this report are graded as minor, important and critical and are complemented by a priority indication and a suggested completion date.
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GAW Report, 263. Report of the Fifth Methane Reference Gas Inter-comparison Experiment for Japan from 2018 to 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA); Teruo Kawasaki, Atsuya Kinoshita, Yousuke Sawa, Akihiko Murata, Shinji Morimoto, Shohei Murayama, Toshinobu Machida, Motoki Sasakawa, Kazuhiro Tsuboi - WMO, 2021The WCC-JMA organized six rounds of the CH4 reference gas inter-comparison experiments from 2001 to 2019 to quantify differences among CH4 standard scales implemented at each participating laboratory as well as to monitor the long-term stability of standard gases in Asia and the South-West Pacific. In the 5th round inter-comparison for Japan, two reference gas cylinders were circulated in turn to JMA, JAMSTEC, TU, AIST, NIES, MRI, and JMA from September 2018 to April 2019. The measurement results of JAMSTEC and WCC-JMA have shown a good agreement with differences of less than 0.4 ppb for two ...
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GAW Report, 265. System and Performance audit for Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds at the Global GAW Station Cape Verde, December 2019
A system and performance audit for VOCs was conducted at the Cabo Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVO) (co-organised by the Chemistry Department, University of York and by the World Calibration Centre for VOC, WCC-VOC). The audit was conducted from November 27th to December 2nd in year 2019. The observatory is operated as a global GAW station and analyses on-line air samples directly collected at the station towers. The audit was conducted according to the existing WMO/GAW guidelines and SOPs for audits . The audit directly involved the responsible site research scientist and the station manage ...
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GAW Report, 264. Report of the Sixth Methane Reference Gas Inter-comparison Experiment for Asia from 2018 to 2019
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Teruo Kawasaki, Atsuya Kinoshita, Yousuke Sawa, Shuangxi Fang, Haeyoung Lee, Yogesh K. Tiwari - WMO, 2021The WCC-JMA organized six rounds of the CH4 reference gas inter-comparison experiments from 2001 to 2019 to quantify differences among CH4 standard scales implemented at each participating laboratory as well as to monitor the long-term stability of standard gases in Asia and the South-West Pacific. In the 6th round robin inter-comparison for Asia, two reference gas cylinders were circulated in turn to JMA, CMA, KMA/NIMS, IITM, and JMA from January 2018 to September 2019. The inter-comparison results confirmed that the differences between each laboratory and WCC-JMA were within the GAW networ ...
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GAW Report, 262/WCC-Empa Report No. 20/2. Research Infrastructure Quality Assurance – System and Performance audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide at the Global GAW Station Sonnblick, Austria, July 2020
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GAW Report, 260. Report of the first Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System (IG3IS) Symposium and User Summit : Geneva, Switzerland, 13-15 November 2018
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GCOS, 237. Report of the Twelfth GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-12)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
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GCOS, 236. GCOS Steering Committe Twenty-eighth Session (GCOS SC-28)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2021
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Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre - N°16: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère, d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2019
Cette édition du Bulletin contient la toute dernière analyse des observations recueillies dans le cadre du Programme de la Veille de l’atmosphère globale de l’OMM. Elle présente les fractions molaires en surface à l'échelle du globe du dioxyde de carbone (CO2), du méthane (CH4) et du protoxyde d'azote (N2O), et les compare avec les valeurs de l’année précédente et de l’époque préindustrielle. Elle donne également un aperçu de l’évolution du forçage radiatif induit par les gaz à effet de serre persistants ainsi que de la contribution de chaque gaz à cette augmentation.
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GCOS, 233. Virtual Session for the 23rd Session of the Ocean Observations Panel for Climate
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2020
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.16: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2019
This Bulletin represents the latest analysis of observations from the WMO GAW Programme. It shows globally averaged surface mole fractions for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and compares them with the mole fractions during the previous year and with the preindustrial levels. It also provides insights on the change in radiative forcing by long-lived GHGs (LLGHGs) and contribution of individual gases to this increase.
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GAW Report, 261. Sixth Session of the CAS Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; CAS Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee, Sixth session (11-14 November 2019; Geneva, Switzerland) - WMO, 2020
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GAW Report, 258/WCC-Empa Report No. 18/2. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global GAW Station Mace Head, Ireland
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 16: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2019 году
В настоящем бюллетене представлены результаты самого последнего анализа наблюдений, проведенных в рамках Программы ГСА ВМО. В нем приводятся глобально усредненные приземные мольные доли двуокиси углерода (CO2), метана (CH4) и закиси азота (N2O) и проведено их сравнение с мольными долями за предыдущий год и с доиндустриальными уровнями. Бюллетень также дает представление об изменении радиационного воздействия долгоживущих парниковых газов (ДПГ) и о вкладе отдельных газов в это увеличение.
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لمنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية نشرة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمیة المنفذة خلال عام 2019
تمثل هذه النشرة أحدث تحليل لعمليات الرصد التي ينفذها برنامج المراقبة العالمية للغلاف الجوي التابع للمنظمة. كما أنها تبين المتوسط العالمي للكسور الجزيئية السطحية لثاني أكسيد الكربون والميثان وأكسيد النيتروز وتقارنها بالكسور الجزيئية للعام السابق وبمستويات ما قبل العصر الصناعي. وتقدم أيضاً رؤى حول التغير في القصر الإشعاعي لغازات الاحتباس الحراري طويلة العمر ومساهمة فرادى الغازات في هذه الزيادة
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世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第16期: 基于2019年全球观测资料的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2020本公报是对WMO GAW计划观测结果的最新分析。它展示了二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的全球平均表面摩尔分数,并将之与上一年和工业化前水平的摩尔分数进行了比较。公报还提供关于长寿命温室气体(LLGHG)辐射强迫的变化以及各气体对这一增长的贡献的见解。
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°16: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2019
El presente Boletín contiene el análisis más reciente de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del Programa de Vigilancia de la Atmósfera Global (VAG) de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial. En él se exponen los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares en superficie del dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O) y se comparan con las fracciones molares del año anterior y con las concentraciones de la era preindustrial. También se proporciona información sobre el incremento en el forzamiento radiativo causado por los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) de larga d ...
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GCOS, 235. Report of the 9th Session of the GTN-H Panel
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU) - WMO, 2020
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GAW Report, 256/WCC-Empa Report No. 19/4. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide at the Global GAW Station Mt. Kenya, Kenya
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GAW Report, 255. 20th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2019)
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GAW Report, 254/WWRP 2020-4. Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System : Science Progress Report
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GAW Report, 253/Research Infrastructure Quality Assurance. International Comparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Comparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers, Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa, 7-18 October 2019 - WMO, 2020
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GAW Report, 252/WCC-Empa Report No. 19/3. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide at the Global GAW Station Ushuaia, Argentina, November 2019
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GAW Report, 251/WCC-Empa Report No. 19/2. System and Performance Audit of Surface Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide at the Global GAW Station Izaña, Spain
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GAW Report, 250. Global Atmosphere Watch Expert Meeting on Measurement-Model Fusion for Global Total Atmospheric Deposition (MMF-GTAD)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Global Atmosphere Watch Expert Meeting on Measurement-Model Fusion for Global Total Atmospheric Deposition (MMF-GTAD) (26-27 February 2019; Geneva, Switzerland) - WMO, 2020
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GAW Report, 249. Report of the Fifth Session of the CAS Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee
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GCOS, 232. Report of the twenty-seventh session of the WMO-IOC-UNEP-ISC steering committee for GCOS
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2020
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GCOS, 231. WMO GCOS/WIGOS Caribbean Workshop on Observations for Climate and Meteorology
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019
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GAW Report, 248. Twelfth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center Europe
XII Regional intercomparison of the Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) was held at El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station of the “Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial” (INTA) during the period 29 of May to – 7 of June, 2019. 20 Brewer spectrometers, 15 operators and experts from 9 countries took part in XII Regional intercomparison campaign. This campaign is part of the EUBREWNET ES1207 COST Action and is organized in collaboration with the “Area of Instrumentation and Atmospheric Research Area” of INTA, with the support of the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) program of th ...
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.15: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2018
Measurements of the content of radiocarbon (14C) in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) provide a unique way to discriminate between fossil fuel combustion and natural sources of CO2. Simultaneous observations of CO2 and 14C demonstrate the decline of 14C content in atmospheric CO2 caused by CO2 addition from fossil fuel combustion. This finding illustrates the importance of long-term measurements of atmospheric composition by laboratories involved in the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme in helping identify greenhouse gas emission sources.
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GAW Report, 247. Izaña Atmospheric Research Center : Activity Report 2017-2018
The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), represents a centre of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife, including the high altitude Izaña Observatory, which was inaugurated in 1916 and has since carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations and become a WMO Centennial Station.
This report summarizes the many activities of the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center.
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°15: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2018
Las mediciones del contenido de radiocarbono (14C) en el dióxido de carbono atmosférico (CO2) ofrecen una manera singular de distinguir entre la quema de combustibles fósiles y las fuentes naturales de CO2 . Las observaciones simultáneas de CO2 y 14C demuestran la disminución del contenido de 14C en el CO2 atmosférico provocada por la incorporación de CO2 procedente de la quema de combustibles fósiles. Este hallazgo pone de relieve la importancia de las mediciones a largo plazo de la composición atmosférica realizadas por los laboratorios que participan en el Programa de la Vigilancia de la At ...
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世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第14期: 基于2018年全球观测资料的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2019宇宙射线会在高层大气中产生极少量的 14CO2。14C具有放射性且缓慢衰减,其半 衰期为5700年,造成在大气CO2中以及在 由CO2形成的植物体中有少量但可测出的 14C含量。化石燃料是由数百万年前的植物 体所形成,因此,如果植物存活,在其留 在地壳中时,任何14C已开始衰变。
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لمنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية نشرة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمیة المنفذة خلال عام 2018
الكربون في الغلاف الجوي وفي المواد النباتیة التي تتكون من ثاني أكسید الكربون ( CO2 ). وقد تكوَّن الوقود الأحفوري من مواد نباتیة منذ ملایین السنین، ومن ثم فإن أي كربون مشع ( 14C ) كان موجوداً عندما كانت النباتات حیّة قد تحلل منذ ذلك الحین أثناء بقاء تلك النباتات في قشرة الأرض
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 15: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2018 г.
Измерения концентрации радиоактивного углерода (14C) в составе атмосферного углекислого газа (CO2) дают уникальный способ отличить продукты сжигания ископаемого топлива от природных источников CO2. Одновременные наблюдения за CO2 и 14C свидетельствуют о снижении содержания 14C в атмосферном CO2, вызванном выбросом в атмосферу дополнительных объемов CO2 в результате сжигания ископаемого топлива. Этот вывод иллюстрирует важность проведения долгосрочных измерений состава атмосферы лабораториями, участвующими в Программе Глобальной службы атмосферы ВМО (ГСА), для содействия установлению источников ...
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Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre - N°15: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2018
Les mesures de la teneur en radiocarbone (14C) dans le dioxyde de carbone atmosphérique (CO2) fournissent un moyen unique d’établir une distinction entre la combustion de matières fossiles et les sources naturelles de CO2. Des observations simultanées du CO2 et du 14C font état d’une diminution de la teneur en 14C dans le CO2 atmosphérique due à l’ajout de CO2 provenant de la combustion de matières fossiles. Cette découverte illustre l’importance des mesures à long terme de la composition de l’atmosphère effectuées par les laboratoires qui participent au Programme de la Veille de l’atmosphère ...
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GAW Report, 245. An Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System (IG3IS) Science Implementation Plan
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GCOS, 230. Report of the Eleventh GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-11)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2019
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CESM Distance Learning Course
The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a fully-coupled, community, global climate model that provides state-of-the-art computer simulations of the Earth's past, present, and future climate states. The CESM Distance Learning Course is based on the CESM Tutorial held annually at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. This course consists of 12 lectures and 4 practical sessions on simulating the climate system and practical sessions on running Community Earth System Model (CESM), modifying components, and analyzing data. The course is targeted at the graduat ...
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Introducing the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 Satellite System - Next Generation Observations for Weather and Climate
The latest-generation Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2) provides high-resolution observations of Earth's atmosphere, including the ionosphere. In this video, scientists and mission planners introduce the instrumentation used and describe the collaborations that made the COSMIC-2 mission possible. These experts describe how COSMIC uses a technique called radio occultation—making use of existing navigation satellite signals passing through the atmosphere to provide detailed measurements of temperature, pressure, and water vapor. They ex ...
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Satellite Signals from Space: Smart Science for Understanding Weather and Climate
Want to know about COSMIC, and how satellite signals can provide information about Earth's atmosphere? This video provides anyone interested in the topic with a brief overview of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate, called COSMIC. Targeted to students and teachers in Grades 5-9 but accessible to anyone, the video introduces the latest COSMIC mission (COSMIC-2), which uses satellites orbiting near Earth to measure how the atmosphere affects signals from global positioning system (GPS) satellites high above the surface. This technique is called radio occul ...
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GAW Report, 244. Report of the 2017 Global Atmosphere Watch Symposium and Fourth Session of the CAS Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee (EPAC SSC)
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.14: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2017
The latest analysis of observations from the WMO GAW Programme shows that globally averaged surface mole fractions(1) calculated from this in situ network for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2017, with CO2 at 405.5 ± 0.1 ppm(2), CH4 at 1859 ± 2 ppb(3) and N2O at 329.9 ± 0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 146%, 257% and 122% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. The increase in CO2 from 2016 to 2017 was smaller than that observed from 2015 to 2016 and practically equal to the average growth rate over the last decade. The influence ...
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GCOS, 218. 23rd Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC-23)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
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IOM Report, 128. Interlaboratory Comparison in the field of Temperature, Humidity and Pressure, in the WMO Regional Association VI (MM-ILC-2015-THP)
The subject of this report is evaluation of the interlaboratory comparison in the field of measurement of temperature, humidity and pressure. The interlaboratory comparison was held within the framework of the MeteoMet 2 project, in the scope of proficiency testing scheme organized by the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Metrology and Quality (UL-FE/LMK), except pressure part. All the analysis were done in accordance with accredited procedures.
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Instrumentation and Measurement of Atmospheric Humidity
This lesson provides an overview of the science and techniques related to measuring humidity, or the amount of water vapor, in Earth's atmosphere. After beginning with a review of the units used for humidity, the learner will examine the three main types of hygrometers (material, thermodynamic, and optical) and explore instruments within each of these categories. The lesson provides information about the advantages and limitations of various humidity instruments. The effects of siting, sheltering, and ventilation on humidity measurements are also addressed. The lesson is part of the Instrument ...
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Instrumentation and Measurement of Atmospheric Pressure
This lesson provides information about current science and technologies for measuring atmosphere pressure. The lesson begins by reviewing the key physical laws governing atmospheric pressure, including Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures. Then, it explores typical requirements and uncertainty parameters related to atmospheric pressure sensors and provides details about the components of pressure sensors, including fluidic, mechanical, and electronic transducers. The lesson is part of the Instrumentation and Measurement of Atmospheric Parameters course series.
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GAW Report, 243. Report of the Fifth Erythemal UV Radiometers Intercomparison
This report presents the background information, procedures and results of the intercomparison of erythemal UV sensors carried out at the Central Observatory of Buenos Aires (OCBA) in 2018 against reference radiometers calibrated at the World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC) in Davos during 2017. In this way, the data obtained at the measurement sites will be standardized and will be comparable locally and globally. Twenty sensors were calibrated, belonging to Argentine monitoring and research institutions. The associated relative uncertainty of each sensor was also estimated.
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 14: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2017 г.
Последний анализ данных наблюдений, полученных в рамках Программы ГСА ВМО, показывает, что глобально усредненные приповерхностные молярные доли(1), рассчитанные на основании данных этой сети наблюдений in situ для двуокиси углерода (СO2), метана (СН4) и закиси азота (N2O), достигли в 2017 году новых максимумов, причем для CO2 он составил 405,5 ± 0,1 млн−1(2), для CH4 — 1859 ± 2 млрд−1(3), а для N2O — 329,9 ± 0,1 млрд−1. Эти значения составляют соответственно 146 %, 257 % и 122 % по отношению к доиндустриальным (до 1750 года) уровням. Увеличение содержания CO2 в атмосфере с 2016 по 2017 год был ...
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°14: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2017
El último análisis de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del Programa de la VAG de la OMM muestra que los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares en superficie1) calculados a partir de esta red in situ para el dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O), alcanzaron nuevos máximos en 2017 al registrar 405,5 ± 0,1 ppm2) para el CO2, 1859 ± 2 ppb3) para el CH4 y 329,9 ± 0,1 ppb para el N2O, lo que representa, respectivamente, el 146 %, el 257 % y el 122 % de los niveles preindustriales (antes de 1750). El aumento de CO2 de 2016 a 2017 fue inferior al observado d ...
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Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre - N°14: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2017
La toute derniere analyse des donnees d’observation recueillies par le reseau in situ du Programme de la VAG de l’OMM revele qu’a l’echelle du globe, les fractions molaires en surface1) du dioxyde de carbone (CO2), du methane (CH4) et du protoxyde d’azote (N2O) ont atteint de nouveaux pics en 2017, s’etablissant respectivement a 405,5}0,1 ppm2), 1 859}2 ppb3) et 329,9}0,1 ppb. Ces valeurs representent respectivement 146 %, 257 % et 122 % des niveaux preindustriels (avant 1750). Le taux d’accroissement du CO2 entre 2016 et 2017 etait moins eleve qu’entre 2015 et 2016 et pratiquement egal a l ...
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GAW Report, 242. 19th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2017)
The meeting reviewed current WMO data quality objectives, reference scales and observation strategies, including calibration, quality control, data management and archiving. Target species were carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon in greenhouse gas measurements. The workshop discussed in detail the harmonization and quality control of isotope measurements, the extension of the measurement network towards more polluted and urban areas, the use of low-cost sensors, and the collaboration of the scientific greenhouse gas and carbon cycle community with the me ...
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GESAMP - Reports and Studies, 97. The magnitude and impacts of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen inputs to the ocean
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); et al. - WMO, 2018The present global modelling study of the Nr atmospheric cycle and Nr deposition to the ocean is the first that evaluates past, present and future Nr atmospheric deposition accounting for ON primary sources as well as for secondary ON chemical formation as a N-dependent process. While the total Nr deposition to the ocean is not expected to change significantly by 2050, the relative importance of oxidized and reduced N is expected to change, with an increasing proportion of ammonium compared to nitrate, resulting from more efficient controls on terrestrial emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) com ...
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世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第14期: 基于2017年全球观测资料的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2018对WMO GAW计划的观测资料进行的最新分析表明,利用该实地网络的资料计算出的二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的全球平均表面摩尔分数(1) 在2017年创下了新高,其中CO2为405.5 ± 0.1 ppm(2)、CH4为1859 ± 2 ppb(3)以及N2O为329.9 ± 0.1 ppb。这些数值分别是工业化前(1750年之前)水平的146%、257% 和122%。2016年至2017年的CO2增幅小于2015年至2016年观测到的增幅,并几乎等于过去十年的平均增长率。厄尔尼诺事件的影响在2015年和2016年达到峰值并推动了这一时期的增长率上升,但该事件在2017年的影响骤降。关于CH4,2016年至2017年的增幅小于2015年至2016年观测到的增幅,但几乎等于过去十年的平均值。关于N2O,2016年至2017年的增幅高于2015年至2016年观测到的增幅,并几乎等于过去十年的平均增长率。NOAA年度温室气体指数(AGGI)[4]显示,从1990年至2017年,长寿命温室气体(LLGHG)辐射强迫增加了41%,其中CO2约占这一增幅的82%。
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لمنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية نشرة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمیة المنفذة خلال عام 2017
یتبین من أحدث تحلیل للرصدات من برنامج المراقبة العالمیة للغلاف الجوي ( GAW ) أن المتوسط العالمي للكسور الجزیئیة( 1) المحسوب من ھذه الشبكة الموقعیة فیما یتعلق بثاني أكسید الكربون ( CO2 ) والمیثان CH4) ) وأكسید النیتروز ( N2O ) قد بلغ مستویات مرتفعة جدیدة في عام 2017 ، بحیث بلغ المتوسط فیما یتعلق بثاني أكسید الكربون 405.5 ± 0.1 جزء في الملیون( 2)، وفیما یتعلق بالمیثان 1859 ± 2 جزء في البلیون( 3)، وفیما یتعلق بأكسید النیتروز 329.9 ± 0.1 جزء في البلیون. وتشكل ھذه القیَم، على التوالي، 146 في المائة و 257 في المائة و 122 في المائة من مستویات ما قبل العصر الصناعي (أي ما قبل عام 1750 ). وكانت الزیادة ...
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GCOS, 220. Report of the Tenth GCOS Reference Upper Air Network Implementation and Coordination Meeting (GRUAN ICM-10)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2018
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GAW Report, 233. Report of the Third Session of the CAS Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee (EPAC SSC)
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Том 66(1) - 2017 г. - Новое издание Международного атласа облаков
Содержание
- Новое издание Международного атласа облаков。 2
- Понимать облака для того, чтобы предвидеть будущий климат。 8
- Изменения в засеве облаков по всему миру при активном воздействии на погоду。 12
- Эволюция науки о климате。 16
- Технический регламент ВМО Интервью с Димитаром Ивановым。 24
- Фотоочерк: лауреаты конкурса фотографий для календаря ВМО。 30
- Годовой глобальный углеродный бюджет。 34
- Интегрированная глобальная информационная система по парниковым газам (ИГИСПГ)。 38
- Европа, развитие климатического обслуживания ...
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.13: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2016
The latest analysis of observations from the WMO GAW Programme shows that globally averaged surface mole fractions(2) calculated from this in situ network for CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2016, with CO2 at 403.3 ± 0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1 853 ± 2 ppb(3) and N2O at 328.9 ± 0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 145%, 257% and 122% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. The record increase of 3.3 ppm in CO2 from 2015 to 2016 was larger than the previous record increase, observed from 2012 to 2013, and the average growth rate over the last decade. The El Niño ...
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GCOS, 207. 22nd Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC-22)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - WMO, 2017
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GOES-R Series Faculty Virtual Course: Severe Storms
In this webinar recording, Michael Bowlan explains how GOES-R/16 can help improve forecasts of severe storms and provide forecasters with real-time information about lightning, flooding potential and other hazards. The high-resolution Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) data can indicate whether thunderstorm updrafts are gathering strength or weakening, helping aid forecasters in making warning decisions. The ABI can also aid in identifying storms and convective complexes that have stalled or are “training”, which can signal a flood risk and help forecasters issue flood or flash flood warnings soon ...
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GOES-R Series Faculty Virtual Course: Tropical Cyclones
In this webinar recording, Andrea Schumacher demonstrates the GOES-R series' new capabilities for real-time tropical cyclone analysis and monitoring, which will contribute significantly to improved hurricane track and intensity forecasts. The GOES-16 imager will provide dramatic new views of tropical cyclone phenomena, offering vastly improved time and spatial resolution as well as color composite images to enhance cloud bands and other features. This webinar will also explore the role of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) in helping identify areas of strong thunderstorms associated with ...
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Instrumentation and Measurement of Atmospheric Temperature
This lesson offers a comprehensive overview of temperature measurement as related to the atmosphere, bodies of water, soils, and other parts of Earth’s surface. The lesson begins by defining temperature and why it is an important property to characterize. It provides details about the properties and characteristics of sensors used for temperature measurements and the advantages and disadvantages of different sensors depending on the application. Lastly, the lesson outlines the methods used for measuring different types of temperature, from soil to the free atmosphere.
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GOES-R Series Faculty Virtual Course: Advanced Baseline Imager
In this webinar recording, Tim Schmit demonstrates the improved temporal, spatial, spectral and calibration attributes of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on the GOES-R series. The main uses for each of the sixteen spectral bands will be covered, using examples from the recently launched GOES-16 ABI. Imagery and data loops for various types of atmospheric phenomena will be presented to illustrate the improved spectral capabilities and higher temporal and spatial resolution of the ABI. This is a recorded webinar presented by an instructor at his home institution. Audio variations may exist.
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Foundations of Meteorological Instrumentation and Measurements
This lesson provides an introduction to the instrumentation used for meteorological measurements. Aimed at undergraduate and graduate students in meteorology and the atmospheric sciences, it examines the types of observing systems available to measure temperature, pressure, humidity, trace gases, clouds and aerosols, winds, precipitation, and radiation. Learners will explore the main components of an instrument and become acquainted with performance characteristics including types of errors. This introductory lesson provides a foundation for more detailed training focused on measurement of spe ...
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Meteorological Instrument Performance Characteristics
This advanced lesson explores the performance characteristics of instrumentation used for meteorological measurements. Static performance characteristics are examined in the context of calibration, which offers a means to determine an instrument's response. Dynamic performance characteristics, including first and second order inputs, are discussed using three classic examples: step or impulse, ramp or time varying, and oscillatory inputs. The lesson provides information about the effects of representativeness and regional homogeneity on measurements, and also describes processes for obtaining ...
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GOES-R Series Faculty Virtual Course: Aviation Products
In this webinar recording, Amanda Terborg (with input from Dr. Chad Gravelle), will demonstrate the capabilities of GOES-R/16 in analyzing hazards affecting the aviation industry. The talk focuses specifically on four hazards (but there are others): 1) fog and low stratus, 2) in-flight turbulence, 3) dust, and 4) volcanic ash. Through the use of GOES-R/16 spectral bands, band differences, and RGB composites, satellite data users can detect the development and evolution of aviation threats better than with any previous geostationary satellites. This is a recorded webinar presented by an instruc ...
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Met 101: Introduction to the Atmosphere
This lesson provides an overview of Earth’s atmosphere, its vertical structure, the fundamental forces acting on air, and how the atmosphere's composition affects the colors we see in the sky. The lesson also includes information about how Earth receives energy from the Sun as solar and infrared radiation, and the mechanisms for transferring heat around the globe. Learners will be introduced to the components of Earth’s water cycle, and also briefly explore the main types of systems used to observe the atmosphere.
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 13: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2016 г.
Последний анализ данных наблюдений, полученных в рамках Программы ГСА ВМО, показывает, что глобально усредненные приповерхностные молярные доли(2), рассчитанные на основании данных этой сети наблюдений in situ для двуокиси углерода (СO2), метана (СН4) и закиси азота (N2O), достигли в 2016 году новых максимумов, причем для CO2 он составил 403,3 ± 0,1 млн-1, для CH4 — 1 853 ± 2 млрд-1(3), а для N2O — 328,9 ± 0,1 млрд-1. Эти значения составляют соответственно 145%, 257% и 122% по отношению к доиндустриальным (до 1750 года) уровням. Рекордное увеличение содержания CO2 в атмосфере с 2015 по 2016 го ...
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°13: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2016
El último análisis de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del Programa de la Vigilancia de la Atmósfera Global (VAG) de la OMM muestra que los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares en superficie(2) calculados a partir de esta red in situ para el CO2, el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O) alcanzaron nuevos máximos en 2016 al registrar 403,3 ± 0,1 ppm para el CO2, 1 853 ± 2 ppb(3) para el CH4 y 328,9 ± 0,1 ppb para el N2O, lo que representa, respectivamente, el 145%, el 257% y el 122% de los niveles preindustriales (antes de 1750). El aumento récord de 3,3 ppm para el CO2 de 2015 ...
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Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre - N°13: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l'atmosphère, d'après les observations effectuées à l'échelle du globe en 2016
La toute dernière analyse des données d'observation recueillies par le réseau in situ du Programme de la Veille de l'atmosphère globale (VAG) de l'OMM révèle qu'à l'échelle du globe, les fractions molaires en surface(2) du CO2, du méthane (CH4) et du protoxyde d'azote (N2O) ont atteint de nouveaux pics en 2016, s'établissant respectivement à 403,3±0,1 ppm, 1 853±2 ppb(3) et 328,9±0,1 ppb. Ces valeurs représentent respectivement 145 %, 257 % et 122 % des niveaux préindustriels (avant 1750). Le taux d'accroissement du CO2 entre 2015 et 2016, qui a atteint 3,3 ppm, était plus élevé que le taux re ...
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GAW Report, 232. Report of the WMO/GAW Expert Meeting on Nitrogen Oxides and International Workshop on the Nitrogen Cycle
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世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第13期: 基于2016年全球观测资料的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2017对WMO GAW计划提供的观测资料进行的最新分析表明,利 用该实地网络提供的资料计算出的CO2、甲烷(CH4)和氧化 亚氮(N2O)全球平均地面摩尔分数(2)在2016年达到了新高, 其中CO2为403.3 ± 0.1 ppm、CH4为1853 ± 2 ppb(3) 以及N2O 为328.9 ± 0.1 ppb。这些数值分别是工业化前(1750年之前) 水平的145%、257% 和122%。2015年至2016年二氧化碳 创记录的3.3 ppm升幅高于上次2012年至2013年观测到的 创记录增幅以及过去十年的平均增长率。2015/2016年的厄 尔尼诺事件通过气候变化与碳循环之间复杂的双向相互作 用,推动了增长率上升。2015年至2016年CH4的增幅略低 于2014年至2015年观测到的增幅,但高于过去十年的平均 值。2015年至2016年N2O的增幅也略低于2014年至2015年 观测到的增幅以及过去十年的平均增长率。美国国家海洋和 大气管理局(NOAA)年度温室气体指数(AGGI)[3、4]表明, 从1990年至2016年,长寿命温室气体(LLGHG)的辐射强迫 增加了40%,其中CO2约占这一增幅的80%。
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المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية نشرة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمیة المنفذة خلال عام 2016
یتبین من أحدث تحلیل للرصدات من برنامج المراقبة العالمیة للغلاف الجوي GAW) ) أن المتوسط العالمي للكسور الجزیئیة( 2) المحسوب من ھذه الشبكة الموقعیة فیما یتعلق بثاني أكسید الكربون ( CO2 ) والمیثان ( CH4 ) وأكسید النیتروز ( N2O ) قد بلغ مستویات مرتفعة جدیدة في عام 2016 ، بحیث بلغ المتوسط فیما یتعلق بثاني أكسید الكربون 403.3 ± 0.1 جزء في الملیون، وفیما یتعلق بالمیثان 1853 ± 2 جزء في البلیون( 3)، وفیما یتعلق بأكسید النیتروز 328.9 ± 0.1 جزء في البلیون. وھذه القیَم تشكّل، على التوالي، 145 في المائة و 257 في المائة و 122 في المائة من مستویات ما قبل العصر الصناعي (أي ما قبل عام 1750 ). وكانت الزیادة الق ...
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.12: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2015
The latest analysis of observations from the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme shows that globally averaged surface mole fractions(3) calculated from this in situ network for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2015, with CO2 at 400.0±0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1845±2 ppb(4) and N2O at 328.0±0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 144%, 256% and 121% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels. It is predicted that 2016 will be the first year in which CO2 at the Mauna Loa Observatory remains above 400 ppm all year, and hence for many generations [ ...
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Forecasting Mountain Wave Turbulence for Aviation
Turbulent flow that impacts aviation can be caused by several different factors and can occur at both low and high-levels in the atmosphere. This lesson focuses on forecasting mountain wave turbulence. Its methodology relies on the spatial and temporal distribution of winds, stability, and clouds to forecast and verify mountain wave turbulence. Analyzed forecast products include NWP charts, cross sections and soundings, satellite imagery, RAOBs, PIREPS, and graphical turbulence guidance (GTG). The lesson is targeted for aviation forecasters at the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS). The modul ...
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The Science of Radio Occultation and the COSMIC Mission
The lesson provides an overview of radio occultation and its contributions to our understanding of Earth's atmosphere as demonstrated by the COSMIC mission launched in 2006. The lesson is divided into three chapters: Chapter 1 describes the science of radio occultation and how atmospheric profiles are obtained. Chapter 2 focuses on the benefits of radio occultation and COSMIC observations for numerous applications related to meteorology, climate, and space weather. Chapter 3 describes the COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 mission and its expected improvements to further inform meteorology, climate, and iono ...
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 12: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2015 г.
Последний анализ данных наблюдений, полученных в рамках Программы Глобальной службы атмосферы (ГСА) ВМО, показывает, что глобально усредненные приповерхностные молярные доли(3), рассчитанные на основании этой сети наблюдений двуокиси углерода (СO2), метана (СН4) и закиси азота (N2O) in situ достигли в 2015 г. новых максимумов, причем для CO2 новый максимум составил 400,0}0,1 млн–1, для CH4 — 1845}2 млрд–1(4), а для N2O — 328,0}0,1 млрд–1. Эти значения составляют соответственно 144 %, 256 % и 121 % по отношению к доиндустриальным (1750 г.) уровням. Ожидается, что 2016 год станет первым годом ...
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°12: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2015
El último análisis de las observaciones de la VAG de la OMM muestra que los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares en superficie3), calculados a partir de esta red in situ para el dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O), alcanzaron nuevos máximos en 2015 al registrar, respectivamente, 400,0±0,1 ppm, 1 845±2 ppb4) y 328,0±0,1 ppb, lo que representa respectivamente el 144%, 256% y 121% de los niveles preindustriales (antes de 1750). Se prevé que 2016 será el primer año en que en el Observatorio Mauna Loa se registre un nivel de CO2 superior a 400 ppm durante tod ...
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Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre - N°12: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l'atmosphère, d'après les observations effectuées à l'échelle du globe en 2015
La toute dernière analyse des données d'observation recueillies par le réseau in situ du Programme de la Veille de l'atmosphère globale (VAG) de l'OMM révèle qu'à l'échelle du globe, les fractions molaires en surface3) du dioxyde de carbone (CO2), du méthane (CH4) et du protoxyde d'azote (N2O) ont atteint de nouveaux pics en 2015, s'établissant respectivement à 400,0±0,1 ppm, 1 845±2 ppb4) et 328,0± 0,1 ppb. Ces valeurs représentent respectivement 144 %, 256 % et 121 % des niveaux préindustriels (avant 1750). On prévoit que 2016 sera la première année où la teneur de l'atmosphère en CO2 mesuré ...
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GAW Report, 229. 18th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques (GGMT-2015)
The 18th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT - 2015) took place from 13 to 17 September 2015 at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla (CA), USA. It was the 40 th anniversary of the first GGMT meeting (then called "CO 2 Experts Meeting") which was also held at Scripps in 1974. WMO has provided the framework for all carbon dioxide experts meetings since 1975. IAEA in Vienna joined WMO as a co - organizer in 1997 due to the increased use of carbon isotopes in studying the carbon cycle. The meeting reviewed current WMO ...
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المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية النشرة الخاصة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمیة المنفذة خلال عام 2015
توضح التحلیلات الأخیرة للرصدات التي أجراھا برنامج المراقبة العالمیة للغلاف الجوي ( GAW ) أن المتوسط العالمي الذي حسبتھ ھذه الشبكة الموقعیة للكسور الجزیئیة( 3) السطحیة لثاني أكسید الكربون والمیثان وأكسید النیتروز قد بلغت أرقاماً عالیة جدیدة في 2015 ، إذ بلغ ثاني أكسید الكربون 400.0±0.1 جزء في الملیون، والمیثان 2± 1845 جزءاً في البلیون( 4)، وأكسید النیتروز 0.1 ± 328.0 جزءاً في البلیون. وتشكل ھذه القیم على التوالي 144 في المائة و 256 في المائة و 121 في المائة من مستویات ما قبل العصر الصناعي (قبل عام 1750 ). ویتوقع أن یكون 2016 ھو أول عام یظل فیھ مستوى تركیز ثاني أكسید الكربون في مرصد مونا لوا فوق ...
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.11: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2014
The latest analysis of observations from the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme shows that the globally averaged mole fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2014, with CO2 at 397.7±0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1833±1 ppb[2] and N2O at 327.1±0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 143%, 254% and 121% of pre-industrial (1750) levels. The atmospheric increase of CO2 from 2013 to 2014 was close to that averaged over the past 10 years. For both CH4 and N2O the increases from 2013 to 2014 were larger than that observed from 2012 to 2013 and ...
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Introduction to Meteorological Charting
This lesson provides a brief overview of surface and upper-air data and how these data are plotted on meteorological charts. The content introduces various charting and reporting techniques, including station models, contour analyses, streamlines, and upper air maps. Examples cover both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and provide learners with opportunities to practice recognizing frequently used weather symbols. Supplemental materials include three Weather Symbol Identification drills. Completing these drills may require approximately 1-1.5 hours above the length of time estim ...
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Rainfall characteristics over Togo and their related atomospheric circulation anomalies: In Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences, 5:34-48
This study attempts to reveal features of rainfall over Togo, in relationship to the
prevailing atmospheric circulation. The study employed correlation analysis and composite analysis in
the analysis of rainfall, sea surface temperature, wind, and humidity. Empirical orthogonal functions
(EOF) analysis was employed in this study. The years: 1989, 1991, 1995, 2003 and 2007 were
identified to be anomalously wet years while 1982, 1983, 1990, 1992, 2001 and 2006 fall in the
anomalously dry years’ category. The dominant mode of variability exhibits a dipole patter ...
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世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第11期: 基于2014年全球观测的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2015对W MO全球大气监视网(GAW)计划观测结果的最新分析 表明,2014年全球范围内二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚 氮(N2O)的平均摩尔分数达到新高,CO2为397.7±0.1ppm[1], CH4为18 3 3±1p p b[2]、N 2O为3 2 7.1±0.1p p b。这些值分别 为工业化(17 5 0年)前水平的14 3%、2 5 4%和121%。2 013 至2014年大气中CO2的增量与过去10年的平均值接近。2013至 2014年CH4和N2O的增量均高于2012至2013年的观测结果和过去10 年的平均增速。美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)年度温室气 体指数显示,从1990至2014年,长寿命温室气体(LLGHG)的辐射 强迫增加了36%,其中CO2的作用约占该增量的80%。
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المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية النشرة الخاصة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: دراسة حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي باستخدام الرصدات العالمية المنجزة عام 2014
التحليلات الأخيرة للرصدات التي قدمها برنامج المراقبة العالمية للغلاف الجوي ) GAW ( التابع للمنظمة ) WMO ( توضح أن المتوسطات العالمية للكسور الجزيئية لثاني أكسيد الكربون ) CO2 ( والميثان ) CH4 ( وأكسيد النيتروز ) )N2O قد بلغت أرقاماً قياسية مرتفعة جديدة في 2014 ، إذ بلغ ثاني أكسيد الكربون 397.7±0.1 جزء في المليون، وبلغ الميثان 1± 1833 جزءاً في البليون] 2[، وأكسيد النيتروز 0.1 ± 327.1 جزء في البليون. وتشكل هذه القيم على التوالي 143 في المائة و 262 في المائة و 121 في المائة قياساً بمستويات ما قبل العصر الصناعي )عام 1750 (. وكانت زيادة ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي بين عامي 2013 و 2014 مقاربة ...
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 11: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2014 г
Последний анализ данных наблюдений, полученных в рамках Программы Глобальной службы атмосферы (ГСА) ВМО, показывает, что глобально усредненные молярные доли двуокиси углерода (СO2), метана (СН4) и закиси азота (N2O) достигли в 2014 г. новых максимумов, причем для CO2 новый максимум составил 397,7±0,1 млн-1, для CH4 — 1833±1 млрд-1 [2], а для N2O — 327,1±0,1 млрд-1. Эти значе- ния составляют соответственно 143 %, 254 % и 121 % по отношению к доиндустриальным (1750 г.) уровням. Темпы увеличения содержания CO2 в атмосфере с 2013 по 2014 гг. близки к средним темпам роста за последние 10 лет. Как д ...
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°11: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2014
El último análisis de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del programa de la Vigilancia de la Atmósfera Global (VAG) de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) muestra que los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares del dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O) alcanzaron nuevos valores máximos en 2014 al registrar, respectivamente, 397,7±0,1 ppm, 1 833±1 ppb[2] y 327,1±0,1 ppb, lo que representa respectivamente el 143%, el 254% y el 121% de los niveles de la era preindustrial (1750). El aumento de CO2 en la atmósfera de 2013 a 2014 fue similar al promed ...
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Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre - N°11: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère, d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2014
La toute dernière analyse des données d'observation recueillies dans le cadre du Programme de la Veille de l'atmosphère globale (VAG) de l'OMM révèle qu'à l'échelle du globe, les fractions molaires du dioxyde de carbone (CO2), du méthane (CH4) et du protoxyde d'azote (N2O) ont atteint de nouveaux pics en 2014, s'établissant respectivement à 397,7±0,1 ppm[1], 1833±1 ppb[2] et 327,1±0,1 ppb. Ces valeurs représentent respectivement 143 %, 254 % et 121 % des niveaux préindustriels (en 1750). Le taux d'accroissement du CO2 atmosphérique entre 2013 et 2014 est proche de la moyenne calculée sur les d ...
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.10: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2013
This tenth WMO/GAW Annual GHG Bulletin reports atmospheric abundances and rates of change of the most important long-lived greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide – and provides a summary of the contributions of the other gases. These three, together with CFC-12 and CFC-11, account for approximately 96%[5] of radiative forcing due to LLGHGs (Figure 1). For the first time, this bulletin contains a section on ocean acidification prepared in collaboration with the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the ...
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.10 - Climate Summit edition: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2013
This tenth WMO/GAW Annual GHG Bulletin reports atmospheric abundances and rates of change of the most important long-lived greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide – and provides a summary of the contributions of the other gases. These three, together with CFC-12 and CFC-11, account for approximately 96%[5] of radiative forcing due to LLGHGs (Figure 1). For the first time, this bulletin contains a section on ocean acidification prepared in collaboration with the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the ...
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GCOS, 183. Summary Report and Recommendations from the Nineteenth Session of the GCOS/WCRP Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC-XIX)
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GAW Report, 215. Report of the First Session of the CAS Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry Scientific Steering Committee (EPAC SSC)
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2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories - Wetlands : Methodological guidance on lands with wet and drained soils, and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - IPCC, 2014The 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement) extends the content of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines by filling gaps in coverage and providing updated information reflecting scientific advances, including updating emission factors. It covers inland organic soils and wetlands on mineral soils, coastal wetlands including mangrove forests, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. The coverage of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines on wetlands was restricted to peatlands drained and managed for pea ...
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世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第10期: 基于2013年全球观测的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2014第十期WMO/全球大气监视网年度温室气体公报 公布了最重要长寿命温室气体(包括二氧化碳、甲烷和 氧化亚氮等)的大气含量和变化速率,并概述其他气体 的贡献概况。以上三种主要长寿命温室气体以及CFC- 12和CFC-11大约占长寿命温室气体造成的辐射强迫的 96%[5](图1)。本公报首次包括海洋酸化章节,其内容 是与联合国教科文组织政府间海洋学委员会(IOC-UNESCO) 国际海洋碳协调项目(IOC CP)、海洋研究科学 委员会(SCOR)以及国际原子能机构(IAEA)海洋酸化 国际协调中心(OA-ICC)合作完成的。
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المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية النشرة الخاصة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: دراسة حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي باستخدام الرصدات العالمية المنجزة عام 2013
توفر هذه النشرة العاشرة من سلسة النشرات السنوية المتعلقة بغازات الاحتباس الحراري والتي يصدرها برنامج المراقبة العالمية للغلاف الجوي ) )GAW التابع للمنظمة ) WMO ( معلومات حول وفرة أهم غازات الاحتباس الحراري الطويلة الأمد ) LLGHGs (، ومعدلات تغيرها، وهي ثاني أكسيد الكربون والميثان وأكسيد النيتروز، كما تقدم ملخصاً يتناول مساهمات الغازات الأخرى. وتسهم هذه الغازات الثلاثة، إلى جانب الكلوروفلوروكربون ) )CFC-12 والكلوروفلوروكربون ) CFC-11 ( بنسبة % 96 ] 5[ تقريباً من التأثير الإشعاعي القسري الناجم عن غازات الاحتباس الحراري ) LLGHGs ( )الشكل 1(. وتحتوي هذه النشرة للمرة الأولى على قسم يتناول تحمّض المح ...
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Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 10: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2013 г
BMO, 2014В настоящем десятом ежегодном бюллетене ГСА/ВМО по парниковым газам представлены данные о содержании и темпах изменения важнейших долгоживущих парниковых газов – двуокиси углерода, метана, оксидов азота, и приводится краткая информация о вкладе в радиационное воздействие на атмосферу других газов. На эти три газа, вместе с ХФУ-12 и ХФУ-11, приходится приблизительно 96 %[5] радиационного воздействия на атмосферу, обусловленного ДПГ (рисунок 1). Впервые этот бюллетень содержит раздел о закислении океана, подготовленный в сотрудничестве с Международным координационным проектом по океаническому уг ...
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°10: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2013
En este décimo Boletín anual sobre los gases de efecto invernadero de la VAG de la OMM se informa acerca de la concentración atmosférica y los índices de evolución de los principales GEI de larga duración (CO2, CH4 y N2O) y se resumen las contribuciones de otros gases. Esos tres gases, junto con el CFC-12 y el CFC-11, contribuyen a aproximadamente un 96%[3] del forzamiento radiativo por tratarse de GEI de larga duración (figura 1). Por primera vez, el presente Boletín contiene una sección sobre acidificación del océano, preparada en colaboración con el Proyecto Internacional de Coordinación so ...
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Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre. N°10: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère, d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2013
Le présent bulletin, le dixième d’une série de bulletins sur les gaz à effet de serre publiés chaque année par l’OMM dans le cadre du Programme de la VAG, rend compte de l’évolution de la concentration atmosphérique des principaux gaz à effet de serre persistants (dioxyde de carbone, méthane et protoxyde d'azote) et présente un récapitulatif de la contribution des autres gaz. Avec les CFC-11 et CFC-12, ces trois gaz sont responsables de 96 %[5] environ du forçage radiatif induit par les gaz à effet de serre persistants (figure 1). Le présent numéro contient une nouvelle section sur l'acidifica ...
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世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第10期/2014年9月9日 - 气候峰会版本: 基于2013年全球观测的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2014第十期WMO/全球大气监视网年度温室气体公报 公布了最重要长寿命温室气体(包括二氧化碳、甲烷和 氧化亚氮等)的大气含量和变化速率,并概述其他气体 的贡献概况。以上三种主要长寿命温室气体以及CFC- 12和CFC-11大约占长寿命温室气体造成的辐射强迫的 96%[5](图1)。本公报首次包括海洋酸化章节,其内容 是与联合国教科文组织政府间海洋学委员会(IOC-UNESCO) 国际海洋碳协调项目(IOC CP)、海洋研究科学 委员会(SCOR)以及国际原子能机构(IAEA)海洋酸化 国际协调中心(OA-ICC)合作完成的。
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المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية النشرة الخاصة غازات الاحتباس الحراري-طبعة مؤتمر القمة المعني بالمناخ: دراسة حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي باستخدام الرصدات العالمية المنجزة عام 2013
توفر هذه النشرة العاشرة من سلسة النشرات السنوية المتعلقة بغازات الاحتباس الحراري والتي يصدرها برنامج المراقبة العالمية للغلاف الجوي ) )GAW التابع للمنظمة ) WMO ( معلومات حول وفرة أهم غازات الاحتباس الحراري الطويلة الأمد ) LLGHGs (، ومعدلات تغيرها، وهي ثاني أكسيد الكربون والميثان وأكسيد النيتروز، كما تقدم ملخصاً يتناول مساهمات الغازات الأخرى. وتسهم هذه الغازات الثلاثة، إلى جانب الكلوروفلوروكربون ) )CFC-12 والكلوروفلوروكربون ) CFC-11 ( بنسبة % 96 ] 5[ تقريباً من التأثير الإشعاعي القسري الناجم عن غازات الاحتباس الحراري ) LLGHGs ( )الشكل 1(. وتحتوي هذه النشرة للمرة الأولى على قسم يتناول تحمّض المح ...
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№ 10, ноября 2013 г. - Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - Издание к Саммиту по климату
BMO, 2014В настоящем десятом ежегодном бюллетене ГСА/ВМО по парниковым газам представлены данные о содержании и темпах изменения важнейших долгоживущих парниковых газов – двуокиси углерода, метана, оксидов азота, и приводится краткая информация о вкладе в радиационное воздействие на атмосферу других газов. На эти три газа, вместе с ХФУ-12 и ХФУ-11, приходится приблизительно 96 %[5] радиационного воздействия на атмосферу, обусловленного ДПГ (рисунок 1). Впервые этот бюллетень содержит раздел о закислении океана, подготовленный в сотрудничестве с Международным координационным проектом по океаническому уг ...
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Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°10 - Edición para el Cumbre sobre el Clima: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2013
En este décimo Boletín anual sobre los gases de efecto invernadero de la VAG de la OMM se informa acerca de la concentración atmosférica y los índices de evolución de los principales GEI de larga duración (CO2, CH4 y N2O) y se resumen las contribuciones de otros gases. Esos tres gases, junto con el CFC-12 y el CFC-11, contribuyen a aproximadamente un 96%[3] del forzamiento radiativo por tratarse de GEI de larga duración (figura 1). Por primera vez, el presente Boletín contiene una sección sobre acidificación del océano, preparada en colaboración con el Proyecto Internacional de Coordinación so ...
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Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre. N°10 - Édition spéciale pour le Sommet sur le climat: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère, d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2013
Le présent bulletin, le dixième d’une série de bulletins sur les gaz à effet de serre publiés chaque année par l’OMM dans le cadre du Programme de la VAG, rend compte de l’évolution de la concentration atmosphérique des principaux gaz à effet de serre persistants (dioxyde de carbone, méthane et protoxyde d'azote) et présente un récapitulatif de la contribution des autres gaz. Avec les CFC-11 et CFC-12, ces trois gaz sont responsables de 96 %[5] environ du forçage radiatif induit par les gaz à effet de serre persistants (figure 1). Le présent numéro contient une nouvelle section sur l'acidifica ...
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ARISE - A European research infrastructure combining three measurement techniques
Bulletin, Vol. 62(1). WMO, 2013Technology first used to listen for secret H-bomb tests could help forecasters tell us what the weather is going to be like up to a month in advance. That is one of the aims of an exciting new international research project, Atmosphere dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe (ARISE), which kicked-off in January 2012. Following studies that showed that the upper layers of the Earth’s atmosphere could provide crucial information for more accurate longer-term weather forecasts, on timescales up to four weeks ahead, twelve partners from eight European member states and one associated country ha ...
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WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.9: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2012
This ninth WMO/GAW Annual GHG Bulletin reports atmospheric abundances and rates of change of the most important long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs) – carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide – and provides a summary of the contributions of the other gases. These three together with CFC-12 and CFC-11 account for approximately 96%[4] of radiative forcing due to LLGHGs.
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GAW Report, 210. Report of the Third Session of the CAS Joint Scientific Committee of the Open Programme Area Group on Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry (JSC OPAG-EPAC)
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