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Introducing the FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 Satellite System - Next Generation Observations for Weather and Climate
The latest-generation Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2) provides high-resolution observations of Earth's atmosphere, including the ionosphere. In this video, scientists and mission planners introduce the instrumentation used and describe the collaborations that made the COSMIC-2 mission possible. These experts describe how COSMIC uses a technique called radio occultation—making use of existing navigation satellite signals passing through the atmosphere to provide detailed measurements of temperature, pressure, and water vapor. They ex ...
Satellite Signals from Space: Smart Science for Understanding Weather and Climate
Want to know about COSMIC, and how satellite signals can provide information about Earth's atmosphere? This video provides anyone interested in the topic with a brief overview of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate, called COSMIC. Targeted to students and teachers in Grades 5-9 but accessible to anyone, the video introduces the latest COSMIC mission (COSMIC-2), which uses satellites orbiting near Earth to measure how the atmosphere affects signals from global positioning system (GPS) satellites high above the surface. This technique is called radio occul ...
气候实践指南
本出版物旨在为世界气象组织(WMO)会 员开展与气候信息与服务相关的国家活动提供 指导和支持。本指南之前已有两个版本：最初 的版本出现在1960年，而第二个版本于1983年 出版。随着时间的推移，虽然很多最基本的气 候科学和气候学惯例仍然保持不变，但是气候 学知识和资料分析技术方面的科学进步，以及 技术、计算机能力以及仪器方面的变化，使得 第二个版本过时了。
دليل الممارسات المناخية
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2018 (طبعة 2018; مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 100)صمم هذا المطبوع من أجل توفير التوجيه والمساعدة لأعضاء المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية في تطوير الأنشطة الوطنية المرتبطة بالمعلومات والخدمات المناخية. وقد صدرت طبعتان سابقتان من هذا الدليل: المطبوع الأصلي، الذي ظهر في 1960 ، والطبعة الثانية، التي نشرت في 1983 . ومع أن الكثير من مبادئ علم المناخ والممارسات المناخية لم تفقد صلاحيتها مع مرور الزمن، فإن أوجه التقدم العلمي في المعارف المناخية وأساليب تحليل البيانات، فضاً عن التغيرات التي حدثت في التكنولوجيا، وفي قدرات الحواسيب والأجهزة، قد جعلت الطبعة الثانية غير مناسبة للعصر.
Guía de prácticas climatológicas
La presente publicación tiene por objeto proporcionar orientación y asistencia a los Miembros de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) para llevar a cabo actividades nacionales vinculadas con la información y los servicios climáticos.
Руководство по климатологической практике
Настоящая публикация предназначена для предоставления руководства и оказания содействия странам — членам Всемирной Метеорологической Организации (ВМО) в развитии национальной деятельности, связанной с климатической информацией и обслуживанием.
Forecasters' Overview of the Middle East
This lesson provides an introduction to the Middle East for Navy meteorologists. It focuses on the major aspects of synoptic and mesoscale weather patterns, hazards to aviation and maritime operations, geography, oceanography, and climatology. The “Geography” Unit covers major political boundaries, cities, ports, topographical features, rivers, and seismicity. The “Oceanography” Unit includes major bathymetric features, mean sea surface temperature, vertical temperature profiles, salinity and velocity, ocean currents, and tidal ranges. The “Climatology” Unit covers the seasonal climatology of ...
COSMIC: Atmospheric Remote Sensing for Weather, Climate, and the Ionosphere
This video provides an introduction to the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC), including information about the COSMIC-2 mission. COSMIC uses a technique called radio occultation to profile temperature, water vapor, and ionospheric information within Earth's atmosphere. The high-quality, high-resolution data contribute to improvements in numerical weather prediction, hurricane forecasts, climate studies, and ionospheric analyses. This full video resource covering COSMIC data and science is hosted on COMET's YouTube Channel. A short video highlightin ...
Met 101: Basic Weather Processes
This lesson provides an overview of basic weather processes, beginning with how the distribution of incoming solar energy helps to establish Earth’s atmospheric circulations. Learners will gain an understanding of the differences between weather and climate, and how Earth’s winds tend to have dominant patterns determined by region. An introduction to atmospheric stability, clouds, precipitation processes, and thunderstorm characteristics is also included, along with an introduction to weather impacts affecting aviation operations.
Communicating Climate Change Scenarios With Decision Makers: Lecture by Dr. Holly Hartmann, Research Hydrologist
In this 1-hour lecture, presented in three parts, research hydrologist Dr. Holly Hartmann discusses issues and approaches for communicating with decision-makers regarding climate change topics in water management and planning. Dr. Hartmann is a national leader in research related to the development of decision support tools for climate, water, and other resource management applications, especially linking research with the needs of decision-makers and moving research into agency operations. Dr. Hartmann is Carpe Diem West’s Director of Climate Science Applications. Previously she was Director ...
Forecasters' Overview of the Mediterranean and Europe
This module provides an introduction to the European continent and the Mediterranean and Black Sea areas for weather forecasters. It focuses on geography, climatology, oceanography, major aspects of the synoptic and mesoscale weather patterns, and hazards to aviation and maritime operations. Geography covers major political boundaries, cities, ports, topographical features, rivers, and volcanic areas. Climatology covers the seasonal climatology of jet stream, synoptic weather systems, extratropical cyclones, and high winds and seas. Oceanography includes major bathymetric features; mean sea su ...
Introduction to Climatology for the Tropical Pacific Islands
This lesson provides information on climatology—what it is, the factors that create an area's climate, and the sources and uses of climate information. Focused specifically on tropical Pacific islands, the content covers the key features influencing climate in that region and includes examples for four locations distributed across the tropical Pacific Ocean, both north and south of the equator. The lesson provides a basic introduction to tropical climatology intended for a wide range of users, from meteorology technicians, forecasters, and scientists, to those in industries or sectors influenc ...
Forecasting Heavy Rains and Landslides in Eastern Africa
Good rainfall draws many people to settle across the eastern Africa highlands for farming and other businesses. However, factors such as steep terrain, logging, livestock grazing, agriculture, and construction, have increased erosion and contributed to less stable slopes. These factors can lead to devastating landslides and mudslides, especially during episodes of very heavy rain. Forecasting and monitoring heavy rainfall is challenging, especially in mountainous regions that have few surface observations. This make satellite data critical for meteorologists and hydrologists forecasting for th ...
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Примирение постпозитивистского и постмодернистского мировоззрений в области климатических исследований и обслуживания
Изменение климата постепенно превратилось во всеобъ- емлющую проблему нынешнего поколения. То, что вначале рассматривалось как явление в области физиче- ских наук, как теперь оказалось, имеет более комплекс- ный характер и неразрывно связано с укладом жизни людей и принятием решением. Таким образом, целост- ный подход к науке о климате требует тщательных междисциплинарных и трансдисциплинарных исследо- ваний и практической работы в направлении осущест- вления действий по реагированию на местах.
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CAWCR technical report, 61. Improvements in atmospheric physical parameterizations for the Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator (ACCESS)
The Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator (ACCESS) is a new coupled ocean and atmosphere climate modelling system being developed at the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research (CAWCR). ACCESS uses the UK Met Office Unified Model (Met UM, Davies et al. 2005) as its atmospheric component, which is coupled with the GFDL Ocean Model version 4.1 (MOM4p1, Griffies et al. 2009) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory Sea Ice Model version 4.1 (CICE4, Hunke and Lipscomb 2010), using the numerical coupler OASIS3.25 (Valcke 2006). The development of ACCESS has followed ...
Climatology for the Operational Forecaster
Climate information can be used as guidance for a range of weather-dependent operations. This module summarizes the Climate Analysis Process, a series of steps for determining which climatological products and data will be most useful for a specified application. The Climate Analysis Process is followed in the context of preparing a climatological brief for a ship deployment across multiple ocean basins. Though the focus is on Department of Defense data sources, including the Advanced Climate Analysis and Forecasting (ACAF) system, information on other sources is also provided. Products from t ...
JCOMM Meeting Report, 94. Fourth session of the Expert Team on Marine Climatology (ETMC): Final Report
The fourth session of the Expert Team on Marine Climatology (ETMC) was held at the Project Office of the International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, Ostend, Belgium, from 26 to 28 November 2012. Members of the Task Team on the Marine Climate Data System (MCDS) were also invited to the meeting as MCDS was high in the agenda for this meeting.
The main goals of the meeting were to address guidance from the fourth session of the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology ( ...
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Sentando las bases de la ciencia climática: entrevista con Taroh Matsuno
Boletín, Vol. 60(2). OMM, 2012La OMM concedió su galardón más prestigioso al profesor Taroh Matsuno, de Japón, durante el Decimosexto Congreso Meteorológico Mundial celebrado del 16 de mayo al 3 de junio de 2011. Este premio reconoce sus aportaciones al progreso de los estudios relacionados con el cambio climático.
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Создание основ для науки о климате (Интервью с Таро Мацуно)
Бюллетень, Том 60(2). BMO, 2012Во время XVI Всемирного метеорологического конгресса, состоявшегося в период с 16 мая по 3 июня 2011 г., Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (ВМО) вручила свою самую престижную премию профессору Таро Мацуно из Японии. Эта премия свидетельствует о признании его вклада в развитие исследований в области изменения климата.
Preparing Hydro-climate Inputs for Climate Change in Water Resource Planning
This lesson describes the process of selecting the best available climate projection information and using it to develop “climate-adjusted weather” inputs to be used for modeling climate change impacts. These modeled impacts can be used for planning of future water resources. Specific steps of this process include: 1) Recognizing the general science and terms associated with Atmosphere-ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs); 2) Making AOGCMs more regionally applicable through bias correction and downscaling; 3) Determining climate change scenarios based on climate projections and selecting ...
Arctic Meteorology and Oceanography
Diminishing sea ice has opened the Arctic to navigation and operations like never before. Forecasters are increasingly predicting weather in support of those operations. This module is intended to provide forecasters with a brief introduction to the Arctic, including its geography, climatology, and the forecast problems they are likely to encounter. The module follows a U.S. Coast Guard Cutter on a voyage from Dutch Harbor, in the Aleutian Islands, to Barrow, on the north coast of Alaska. Various topics are addressed along the way in a series of short, stand-alone lessons.
Technical Report Series, 01. Climate and Meteorological information requirements for water management : a review of issues
In providing better understanding between climate and water management, this review will, where relevant, adopt the approach of a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats). As well as some recent initiatives noted in the preceding section, the basic data requirements and methods for water management are covered in the WMO Guide to Hydrological Practices (Ref. 7). In Volume I, Chapters 2, 3 and 4 deal with the climate observations required for water management, whilst Volume II deals with applications and management activities. Table II.4.1 from that publication is a part ...
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Reconciling anthropogenic climate change with observed temperature 1998–2008
Given the widely noted increase in the warming effects of rising greenhouse gas concentrations, it has been unclear why global surface temperatures did not rise between 1998 and 2008. We find that this hiatus in warming coincides with a period of little increase in the sum of anthropogenic and natural forcings. Declining solar insolation as part of a normal eleven-year cycle, and a cyclical change from an El Nino to a La Nina dominate our measure of anthropogenic effects because rapid growth in short-lived sulfur emissions partially offsets rising greenhouse gas concentrations. As such, we fin ...
Climate for you
Through a wide variety of proxy records, including ice cores, tree rings, sediments, corals, rocks and fossils, among others, the modern science of paleoclimatology reveals that climate variability and change were present on our planet long before our ancestors. More recently, there are several references in our recorded history to unusual periods in some parts of the world, such as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and the subsequent Little Ice Age, as well as exceptional events like the “year without a summer” of 1816, attributed to the colossal 1815 Mount Tambora eruption.
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Sécurité des moyens d’existence : changements climatiques, migrations et conflits au Sahel
PNUE, 2011Cette étude commune à paraître a deux objectifs : premièrement d’analyser l’évolution historique du climat dans le Sahel, d’identifier les régions où des problèmes se posent avec une acuité particulière (nommées « points chauds ») et de déterminer les implications potentielles des variations climatiques observées sur les moyens d’existence dépendants des ressources naturelles ; deuxièmement de fournir des recommandations destinées à améliorer la sensibilité des plans d’adaptations et d’investissement de la région aux problématiques de conflit et de migration.
Le climat et vous
Grâce à la paléoclimatologie moderne et au large éventail de données indirectes qu’elle recueille dans les carottes de glace, les cernes d’arbres, les sédiments, les coraux, les roches et les fossiles, nous savons que le climat de notre planète se caractérisait déjà par sa variabilité bien avant que
nos ancêtres n’apparaissent. Plus récemment, les références de l’histoire font état aussi de plusieurs périodes inhabituelles dans différentes régions du monde, notamment l’anomalie climatique médiévale, suivie du petit âge glaciaire, ou
encore de phénomènes exceptionnels comme «l’ann ...
Климат для вас
с помощью большого разнообразия косвенных данных, включая, среди прочего, керны льда, годичные кольца деревьев, осадочные отложения, кораллы, горные породы и ископаемые остатки, современная наука палеоклиматология показывает, что изменение и изменчивость климата имели место на нашей планете задолго до наших предков. В последнее время в документируемой истории появлялся ряд ссылок на необычные периоды в некоторых районах
мира, такие как средневековая климатическая аномалия и более поздний малый ледниковый период, а также на такие исключительные события, как 1816 г. — «год без лета», ...
El clima y tú
gracias a una gran diversidad de registros indirectos, como núcleos de hielo, anillos de árboles, sedimentos, corales, rocas y fósiles, entre otros, la moderna ciencia de la paleoclimatología ha demostrado que la variabilidad y el cambio climáticos estaban presentes en nuestro planeta desde mucho antes que nuestros ancestros. más recientemente, nuestros registros históricos parecen indicar varios períodos inhabituales en ciertas partes del mundo, como la anomalía
climática medieval y la pequeña era glacial subsiguiente, y también períodos excepcionales, como el “año sin verano” de 1816 ...
Techniques in Hydrologic Forecast Verification
This module demonstrates techniques for developing a hydrologic forecast verification effort. Although it can be taken as stand-alone training, the module on Introduction to Verification of Hydrologic Forecasts is intended a useful prerequisite. Through the use of rich illustrations, case study examples, and review questions, this module provides an example of developing a verification effort using NWS verification tools. Two case studies will be highlighted that both look at the primary question of whether QPF input to hydrologic models improves the hydrologic forecasts. Related questions of ...
A Forecaster's Overview of the Northwest Pacific
This module provides an introduction to the northwest Pacific for weather forecasters. It touches on major aspects of the geography, oceanography, and climatology. Geography looks at plate tectonics, topography, and human population. Oceanography examines ocean currents, coastal tidal ranges, and sea ice distribution. Climatology briefly discusses jets streams, distribution of synoptic features, storm tracks of tropical and extratropical cyclones, the fronts, and sensible weather associated with the Northeast and Southwest Monsoons.
Final Scientific Report of COST 725. Establishing a European data platform for climatological applications
COST Office, 2009
JCOMM Technical Report, 45. Proceedings of CLIMAR III - Third JCOMM Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2009 (WMO/TD-No. 1445)
Introduction to Verification of Hydrologic Forecasts
This module offers a comprehensive description of a set of common verification measures for hydrologic forecasts, both deterministic and probabilistic. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains how these verification measures can provide valuable information to users with varying needs. In addition to providing a measure of how well a forecast matches observations, verification measures can be used to help forecasters and users learn about the strengths and weaknesses of a forecast.
Introduction to Statistics for Climatology
The effective use of climate data and products requires an understanding of what the statistical parameters mean and which parameters best summarize the data for particular climate variables. This module addresses both concerns, taking a two-pronged approach: 1) focusing on the statistical parameters (mean, median, mode, extreme values, percent frequency of occurrence and time, range, standard deviation, and data anomalies), defining what they mean and how they are calculated using climate data as examples, and 2) focusing on weather and climate variables, identifying the statistical parameter ...
Introduction to Climatology
This module provides an overview of climatology, the study of climate. The module begins by examining the drivers that combine to create the climate regions of the world—from those at the mesoscale (local) level to those at the synoptic-scale (continental) and global-scale levels. Examples include locally dominant winds, air masses, fronts, ocean currents, Earth’s rotation around the sun, and latitude. Each discussion of a climate driver has an ‘example/exploration’ segment, where the information is applied to several cities. The module also examines a scheme for classifying the world’s climat ...
Climate information for adaptation and development needs
This brochure provides updated information on how climate science and services can enhance adaptation to climate variability and change, especially for development needs.
The global climate system review 2003
Review of the climate in 2003 showing the area and magnitude of major anomalies in 2003.
Low-Level Coastal Jets
Low-level coastal jets occur along many coastlines. Winds may exceed 35 knots and lead to high waves and significant low-level vertical wind shear. Thus, low-level coastal jets present a hazard to both marine and aviation operations in the coastal zone. This core module describes the features of coastal jets and explores the conditions under which they form. Like other foundation modules in the Mesoscale Primer, this module starts with a forecast scenario and concludes with a concise summary and a final exam. By the end of this module, you should have sufficient background to diagnose and fore ...
JCOMM Technical Report, 22. Proceedings of CLIMAR II :second JCOMM Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2004 (WMO/TD-No. 1199)
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Publications of blue series, volume 1 (1955-1984) - Education and Training Programme
This CD-ROM presents 49 of the "blue series" publications issued under the Education and Training Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) from 1955 to 1984. Many of these training publications are now out of print. These publications still serve as good reference material for meteorology and operational hydrology, especially in the developing countries. This CD-ROM contains these publications together with the aim of preserving and making them available to Members in electronic format.
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WCRP, 118. Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS) Final Science Conference: the ACSYS decade and beyond
1 CD-ROM
JCOMM Technical Report, 13. Advances in the applications of marine climatology : the dynamic part of WMO Guide to the Applications of Marine Meteorology
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2003 (WMO/TD-No. 1081)The workshop, CLIMAR99 – WMO International Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology, took place in September 1999 in Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada, and was hosted by the Meteorological Service of Canada, with additional sponsorship from WMO, NOAA’s Office of Global Programs (OGP) and the National Weather Service (NWS), NOAA, USA. Several papers presented to the workshop were subsequently peer-reviewed. The first session of JCOMM (Akureyri, Iceland, 19–29 June 2001) recommended that these papers, as well as a paper on Beaufort equivalent scales by Mr Ralf Lindau (Germany), which was req ...
JCOMM Technical Report, 10. Proceedings of CLIMAR 99 :WMO Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2003 (WMO/TD-No. 1062)
The global climate system review: June 1996 - December 2001
The seventh edition of the Global Climate System Review is a high-priority activity of the Commission for Climatology (CCl). It is based on climate system events covering the period of June 1996-December 2001, and continues the multi-annual series tradition that started with a review of the 1982-1984 period. The continuity with previous issues is maintained with updated analyses of traditional climate system monitoring (CSM) parameters and phenomena such as the global oceanatmosphere system and the surface variations in temperature and precipitation.
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