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المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية النشرة الخاصة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي استناداً إلى الرصدات العالمیة المنفذة خلال عام 2015
توضح التحلیلات الأخیرة للرصدات التي أجراھا برنامج المراقبة العالمیة للغلاف الجوي ( GAW ) أن المتوسط العالمي الذي حسبتھ ھذه الشبكة الموقعیة للكسور الجزیئیة( 3) السطحیة لثاني أكسید الكربون والمیثان وأكسید النیتروز قد بلغت أرقاماً عالیة جدیدة في 2015 ، إذ بلغ ثاني أكسید الكربون 400.0±0.1 جزء في الملیون، والمیثان 2± 1845 جزءاً في البلیون( 4)، وأكسید النیتروز 0.1 ± 328.0 جزءاً في البلیون. وتشكل ھذه القیم على التوالي 144 في المائة و 256 في المائة و 121 في المائة من مستویات ما قبل العصر الصناعي (قبل عام 1750 ). ویتوقع أن یكون 2016 ھو أول عام یظل فیھ مستوى تركیز ثاني أكسید الكربون في مرصد مونا لوا فوق ...
Manuel de planification stratégique intégrée de l’OMM
L’objectif du présent manuel est d’aider les SMHN à renforcer leurs capacités en matière de planification stratégique, dans l’optique d’attirer des investissements afin d’améliorer l’efficience et l’efficacité opérationnelles, ainsi que la qualité des services météorologiques et hydrologiques fournis aux populations du monde entier. Ce document est spécifiquement destiné aux SMHN qui souhaitent amorcer un processus de planification stratégique ou améliorer un mécanisme déjà en place. Il peut être utilisé en tant qu’outil de renforcement des capacités pour aider les hauts fonctionnaires et le p ...
Manual de planificación estratégica integrada de la OMM
El objetivo del presente Manual consiste en asistir a los SMHN a intensificar su capacidad de planificación estratégica, lo cual sería útil para atraer inversiones a fin de mejorar la eficiencia y la eficacia operacional en la prestación de servicios meteorológicos e hidrológicos de alta calidad a los ciudadanos de todo el mundo. Este documento está destinado específicamente a los SMHN interesados en iniciar o mejorar sus procesos de planificación estratégica. Este recurso puede utilizarse como una herramienta de fortalecimiento de la capacidad para ayudar al personal directivo superior y al p ...
Справочник ВМО по комплексному стратегическому планированию
Всемирная метеорологическая организация (ВМО) в 2008 году взяла за основу стратегическое планирование для руководства осуществлением своей программной деятельности и своих проектов, а также для достижения результатов, согласованных в интересах Членов Организации. На протяжении многих лет основное внимание уделялось укреплению потенциала национальных метеорологических и гидрологических служб (НМГС), которые играют ключевую роль в осуществлении программ ВМО, с тем чтобы обеспечить высокое качество и эффективность метеорологического, климатического, гидрологического и связанного с окружающей сред ...
WMO综合战略规划手册
本手册的目的是协助NMHS加强其战略规划能力，这将有助于吸引投资，提高向全球公民提供优质 气象和水文服务的业务效率和效益。本文件专门针对有意启动或改进其战略规划流程的NMHS。此 资源可用作能力建设工具，帮助高级管理人员和员工更好地了解做战略规划的原因和方式，然后 在整个过程中对规划团队进行指导。 本手册应与《WMO战略规划模板》结合使用，该模板提供了NMHS可以轻松完成的基本战略规划模 型。
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Vol. 66 No. 3 - July 2015 - Special issue on forecast verification
is an issue of MAUSAM. Government of India, 2015
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The Future of the Weather Enterprise
At a time when the impacts of weather and climate are still growing dramatically, it is important to look for strategies to strengthen the science and technology that have resulted in substantial improvements in the skill of weather predictions and services over the past four decades. It was not that long ago – when many baby-boomers were just entering the workforce – that accurate, reliable forecasts did not extend beyond 24 hours. Today, high-quality 5 to 7 day forecasts are the norm. This improvement has resulted in lives being saved and avoidable damage and economic impacts being averted. ...
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The Weather: What’s the Outlook?
New sources of atmospheric observations, faster supercomputers and advances in science together revolutionized weather forecasting in the latter part of the 20th century. On the global scale, we can today predict up to five days ahead as accurately as we could do for three days 20 years ago. This means society has much more advance warning of weather hazards than before, permitting people to prepare and, thereby, limit the loss of lives and property. Expectations are high for even greater advances in the years to come.
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Interview: Qing-Cun Zeng
Qing-Cun Zeng, a famous academic meteorologist, is a pioneer of numerical weather prediction, dynamic climate prediction and remote sensing theory for meteorological satellites. His semi-implicit (1961) and quadratic (1981) schemes as well as his inversion variation method (1974) are still widely applied to theoretical and practical studies in meteorology and geophysical fluid dynamics. Through his active involvement in the study of global climate and environmental change, he has contributed to advancements in the study of meteorological hazards and related disaster risk reduction. He has rece ...
Guide sur les procédures et pratiques de l'Organisation météorologique mondiale destiné aux représentants permanents des Membres de l’Organisation
Ce guide devrait permettre au lecteur de mieux comprendre les procédures et les pratiques de l'OMM, afin de promouvoir les Services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux au niveau national, régional et international, de renforcer les relations entre les SMHN et l'OMM et de faire valoir leur statut et leur réputation. Il comporte, chaque fois que cela a été estimé utile, des références aux dispositions pertinentes de la Convention et du Règlement général de l'OMM, ainsi qu'aux décisions appropriées du Congrès et du Conseil exécutif.
关于世界气象组织有关程序和规则的常任代表参考指南
本章概要地介绍了世界气象组织（以下简称WMO或本组织）的性质及其职能。其目的是帮助本组织会员的常任代表更好地了解WMO和常任代表的职责。
Reference Guide for Permanent Representatives of Members with the World Meteorological Organization on Relevant Procedures and Practices of the Organization (WMO-No. 939)
This Guide explains the World Meteorological Organization procedures and practices, and is designed to serve as a ready reference for Permanent Representatives of Members with WMO, and for the senior staff of NMHSs, especially those dealing with international affairs.
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 - Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer: 2014 update (GORMP 56)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); et al. - WMO, 2015To help maintain a broad understanding of the relationship between ozone depletion, ODSs, and the Montreal Protocol, this component of the Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 presents 20 questions and answers about the often-complex science of ozone depletion. Most questions and answers are updates of those presented in previous Ozone Assessments, and a few have been expanded to address newly emerging issues. The questions address the nature of atmospheric ozone, the chemicals that cause ozone deple tion, how global and polar ozone depletion occur, the extent of ozone depletion, the ...
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.11: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2014
The latest analysis of observations from the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme shows that the globally averaged mole fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2014, with CO2 at 397.7±0.1 ppm, CH4 at 1833±1 ppb[2] and N2O at 327.1±0.1 ppb. These values constitute, respectively, 143%, 254% and 121% of pre-industrial (1750) levels. The atmospheric increase of CO2 from 2013 to 2014 was close to that averaged over the past 10 years. For both CH4 and N2O the increases from 2013 to 2014 were larger than that observed from 2012 to 2013 and ...
Manuel du Système mondial de télécommunications : Annexe III du Règlement technique de l’OMM
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) - OMM, 2015 (édition 2015 mise à jour en 2020; OMM-No. 386)
Manual del Sistema Mundial de Telecomunicación : Anexo III al Reglamento Técnico de la OMM
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) - OMM, 2015 (Edición de 2015, actualización de 2020; OMM-No. 386)
Наставление по Глобальной системе телесвязи : Дополнение III к Техническому регламенту ВМО
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO) - BMO, 2015 (Издание 2015 г. Обновлено в 2020 г.; BMO-No. 386)
Manual on the Global Telecommunication System : Annex III to the WMO Technical Regulations
A manual intended to facilitate cooperation in meteorological telecommunications between Members; to specify obligations of Members in the implementation of the World Weather Watch Global Telecommunication System; and to ensure uniformity and standardization in the practices and procedures employed in achieving these.
Guide to Participation in Radio-frequency Coordination
This Guide provides the general description of the main ITU processes related to radio-frequency coordination, regional structure and regulatory framework that govern the use of the radio-frequency spectrum globally2 and guide the national management of the radiofrequency spectrum as well as management of satellite orbits. More detailed information on which frequencies are important to meteorology and related activities is available in the joint WMO/ITU publication entitled Use of Radio Spectrum for Meteorology: Weather, Water and Climate Monitoring and Prediction
WIGOS Technical Report, 2015-01. Impact and benefits of AMDAR temperature, wind and moisture observations in operational weather forecasting
This report reviews the impact of AMDAR observations on operational NWP forecasts at both regional and global scales that support national and local weather forecast offices across the globe.
JCOMM Technical Report, 63. Recommended Algorithms for the Computation of Marine Meteorological Variables
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - WMO, 2015This publication presents a summarized version of the WMO No-8 information, focusing on the instruments used by the VOS, but breaks new ground in making specific recommendations (including providing software modules and test validation cases) on the algorithms to be used to compute “derived” variables.
DBCP Technical Document, 52. Annual report for 2014, financial report
GAW Report, 221. Report of the First Meeting of the WMO GAW Task Team on Observational Requirements and Satellite Measurements (TT-ObsReq) as regards Atmospheric Composition and Related Physical Parameters
WMO, 2015
IOM Report, 121. Measurement of upper-air pressure, temperature and humidity
This report is that document, as authored by Dr Nash, in all its original detail. Starting with the existing version of the CIMO Guide (2010 update) Dr Nash revised that information, primarily to include the additional understanding gained from the Yangjiang intercomparison. At the same time, though, he added a wealth of further specialist knowledge, gained from his protracted involvement in WMO CIMO activities over more than thirty years, and in particular from his participation in all eight CIMO international radiosonde intercomparisons, commencing with the first, held at Bracknell in 1983.< ...
JCOMM Technical Report, 84. Final report, JCOMM Pilot intercomparison project for seawater salinity measurements
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2015The Pilot Inter - comparison Project for Seawater Salinity Measurements is organized by The Joint WMO - IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) and undertaken by the Regional Marine Instrument Center for the Asia - Pacific Region (RMIC/AP). As the first inter - comparison project under JCOMM framework in history, the purpose is of understanding the overall quality level of salinity measurements of JCOMM Members/Member States and observation programmes, identifying the differences an d promoting the expertise of salinity measurements.
IOM Report, 117. Survey on Alternatives for Dangerous and Obsolete Instruments : evaluation of the questionnaire and recommendations for alternatives
The report enables a WMO Member country to determine where it stands in relation to other WMO Members in regard to its use of dangerous or obsolete instrumentation, and offers some ideas on how to replace these instruments by suggesting possible alternatives.
WMO Product Access Guide
The Product Access Guide is a web-based resource maintained by the World Meteorological Organization to (i) facilitate online search for quality-controlled, documented satellite-based data products from providers worldwide, related expert groups, and training material, (ii) enhance the visibility of satellite data products and related material; (iii) address insufficient awareness of users, especially in developing countries. The Product Access Guide complements the WMO Information System and allows a more targeted search experience than Google or the GEO portal. This resource is made availabl ...
Satellite-Derived Climatology Products for Monitoring Convection Over West and Central Africa
A weather forecaster’s knowledge of climatology is important to the success of a forecast, especially where convection is involved. That’s particularly true over Central and West Africa where convection has a strong diurnal cycle and usually develops over particular geographic regions and during specific time intervals. The lesson describes satellite-derived cloud climatology products and several global instability indices, all of which can be integrated with other products to forecast convection. Although the lesson uses examples of climatology products from specific months, it makes the full ...
Introduction to the NWS National Blend of Global Models
The National Blend of Global Models was developed to utilize the best available science and provide a consistent National Weather Service forecast product across the U.S. This lesson describes the background and motivation for the National Blend and includes comparisons of Blend forecasts with current guidance. The lesson also offers a short summary of future plans and training related to the National Blend.
Assessing NWP with Water Vapour Imagery
You've seen it happen repeatedly. Forecasters have a tough forecast ahead of them. But how are they supposed to know which model data will be the best one to help them come to a conclusion about the situation? In situations like this, the first step should always be to assess the model data against a set of current observations that should show a 1-to-1 relationship with the model output. Which variable should be plotted? On which surface? Which current observations will make the most sense to assess against? If you know the answers to some, but not all of these questions, find these answers a ...
Operational Models Encyclopedia
The availability of numerical guidance from NWP models has been an important component of operational forecasting for decades. For many, the output from this numerical guidance was produced by a mysterious “black box”. Rules for using and adjusting the guidance for operational forecasters were often subjective “Rules of Thumb” based on experience rather than based on quantitative analysis. To open up this “black box”, we produced this web-based “Operational Models Encyclopedia” linking both generic information on how NWP models work, and specifics on physical parameterizations, dynamics, and d ...
Introduction to Meteorological Charting
This lesson provides a brief overview of surface and upper-air data and how these data are plotted on meteorological charts. The content introduces various charting and reporting techniques, including station models, contour analyses, streamlines, and upper air maps. Examples cover both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and provide learners with opportunities to practice recognizing frequently used weather symbols. Supplemental materials include three Weather Symbol Identification drills. Completing these drills may require approximately 1-1.5 hours above the length of time estim ...
Tropical Cyclone Forecast Uncertainty
This lesson introduces learners to the uncertainty and errors in forecasting the track, timing, and intensity of tropical cyclones. It provides an overview of how the National Hurricane Center’s cone of uncertainty is constructed, as well as its uses and common misconceptions. Learners will explore the influences of track, timing, and intensity forecast errors on potential tropical cyclones impacts. The lesson offers suggestions on how to communicate tropical cyclone forecasts knowing their inherent uncertainty. This online lesson is part of the Tropical Cyclone Storm Winds: Forecasting and Co ...
Using Scatterometer Wind and Altimeter Wave Estimates in Marine Forecasting
Scatterometers and altimeters provide a variety of space-based observations that are useful for marine analysis and forecasting as well as other applications. Key among the products are ocean surface winds from scatterometers and significant wave heights from altimeters. This lesson describes the basics of scatterometers and altimeters, including how they work, what they measure, and how scatterometer winds and altimeter significant wave heights are derived. It then discusses some of the challenges in using the estimates, such as dealing with ambiguities and rain contamination. The lesson also ...
WMO Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool (OSCAR)/Space
OSCAR/Space, the “satellite” component of the WMO OSCAR resource, contains updated quality-controlled information on past, present and future satellite missions, instruments and related characteristics, covering a period from 1960 up to 2050, which adds up to 500+ satellites and 800+ instruments dedicated to Earth Observation and Space Weather. In addition, OSCAR/Space provides expert assessments of the applicability of the various instruments for particular measurements. This resource can be used as a reference for studies, as a gap analysis tool, as support for planning, and for educational ...
NWP Essentials: NWP and Forecasting
This lesson introduces forecasters to the complex and multifaceted process for creating a forecast. It also discusses how NWP fits into that process. In addition, the lesson provides a broad overview of the basic components of NWP and how they combine to produce a model forecast.
NWP Essentials: Structure and Dynamics
This lesson is focused on how a model forecast and the interpretation of that forecast, is affected by the basic design of the model. Topics include how meteorological variables are represented in grid point and spectral models, fundamental differences between hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic models, horizontal resolution of orographic and free-atmosphere features, vertical coordinate systems and how they affect the vertical resolution of features in the model forecast.
Enroute Icing
Aircraft icing has resulted in numerous accidents, some fatal. The problem is due, in part, to a lack of awareness on the part of aviation forecasters (and others) that icing is imminent. The lesson addresses this issue by presenting a process for forecasting enroute icing for aviation and applying it to a case over the Continental U.S. The process involves gaining situational awareness of potential icing areas and making a first forecast of their locations and flight levels; comparing the first forecast to NWP forecasts; and adjusting as needed. To reach a wide audience and stay current, the ...
Gridded Products in the NWS National Blend of Global Models
This lesson introduces users to the five different guidance products that will be included in Version 1.0 of the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) National Blend of global Models (NBM). The primary audience for this lesson includes forecasters and users of NWS forecast products; some prior knowledge of numerical weather prediction is useful. Learners will explore how model guidance from the Global Forecast System, Global Ensemble Forecast System, Canadian Meteorological Centre Ensemble, Ensemble Kernel Density Model Output Statistics (MOS) and gridded GFS MOS is produced. The strengths and l ...
Microwave Remote Sensing: Land and Ocean Surface Applications, 2nd Edition
This lesson introduces the concepts and principles basic to retrieving important land and ocean surface properties using microwave remote sensing observations from polar-orbiting satellites. Section one reviews the advantages of microwave remote sensing from polar-orbiting platforms and briefly highlights some of the unique spectral characteristics that allow for differentiation between various surface types and properties. Subsequent sections present a more in-depth look at the derivation and application of microwave products that quantify four different land and ocean surface properties and ...
Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI): What’s Different from the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)
This brief lesson provides an overview of the AHI on Himawari and highlights its differences from the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). It discusses AHI’s improved capabilities in spectral coverage, spatial resolution, and imaging interval over the MTSAT-2 imager; the differences in spectral coverage and scan strategy between AHI and ABI and the impact on products; and how AHI data and products benefit forecasters in Alaska, Pacific Region, and CONUS. Note that the lesson complements COMET’s GOES-R ABI lesson, which should be taken before going through this lesson.
Forecasting Heavy Rains and Landslides in Eastern Africa
Good rainfall draws many people to settle across the eastern Africa highlands for farming and other businesses. However, factors such as steep terrain, logging, livestock grazing, agriculture, and construction, have increased erosion and contributed to less stable slopes. These factors can lead to devastating landslides and mudslides, especially during episodes of very heavy rain. Forecasting and monitoring heavy rainfall is challenging, especially in mountainous regions that have few surface observations. This make satellite data critical for meteorologists and hydrologists forecasting for th ...
Extreme High Swell Events on the Moroccan Atlantic Coast
High swell events can develop far from the coast under cyclonic conditions, and take several days to travel to land. If early warnings are not issued, they can take an area by surprise and have a devastating impact. This lesson aims to improve the ability of marine forecasters to forecast extreme marine events related to high swells. It does so by providing background information on winds and waves, and presenting a process for monitoring and forecasting high swell events using a variety of data. These include ASCAT scatterometer wind data and the ECMWF Extreme Forecast Index (EFI) product, wh ...
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition: Chapter 6 Vertical Transport
This chapter examines vertical transport of heat, moisture, momentum, trace gases, and aerosols, including the role of tropical deep convection and turbulence. Diurnal and seasonal variations in surface fluxes and boundary layer depth are examined. The boundary layer is compared over the ocean, humid, and dry tropics, including its role in dispersing chemicals and aerosols. Boundary layer clouds are examined in terms of their connection to sub-cloud layer properties. Comparisons are made between heat and moisture transport under a variety of convective modes such as mesoscale convective system ...
Using ASCAT Wind and Other Data in Marine Forecasting
This case study lesson demonstrates the use of scatterometer wind and, to a lesser extent, altimeter significant wave height products in marine forecasting. A brief introduction to cold fronts and their impact on weather and sea state conditions sets the stage for the main part of the lesson, the case study. The case follows the passage of a cold front over the South Atlantic Ocean on 23 and 24 November 2013 when the Polarstern research vessel was transiting the area. Learners use ASCAT wind and Jason significant wave height data to help determine current conditions and evaluate GFS and WAVEWA ...
WMO Satellite User Readiness Navigator (SATURN)
The SATURN (SATellite User Readiness Navigator) developed jointly by WMO and meteorological satellite operators provides unified access to information that helps users to prepare for the new generation of meteorological satellites to be launched in the 2015-2020 timeframe. Next-generation geostationary satellites are being launched by JMA, NOAA, CMA, KMA, ROSHYDROMET and EUMETSAT, with unprecedented capabilities for severe weather monitoring, nowcasting and short range forecasting, and for a number of other application areas. However, the new systems also pose unprecedented challenges to users ...
NWP Essentials: Model Physics
This lesson describes model parameterizations of surface, PBL, and free atmospheric processes. It specifically addresses how models treat these processes, how such processes can potentially interact with each other, and how they can influence forecasts of sensible weather elements. Topics covered include: soil moisture processes, radiative processes involving clouds, and turbulent processes in the PBL and free atmosphere.
NWP Essentials: Precipitation and Clouds
Both the processes of convection and of rainfall formation are typically subgrid scale, and require parameterisation. This lesson examines two types of precipitation parameterisation used by models: Convective parameterisation Microphysics The lesson also discusses how to identify when these parameterisations are not performing well and steps to address the issues that arise.
HYSPLIT Applications for Emergency Decision Support, 2nd Edition
This module helps forecasters provide decision support services during hazardous materials emergencies. Topics covered include: Types of weather data inputs required for short-range dispersion models typically used by emergency managers Types of inputs required to run the web version of the HYSPLIT model with the ALOHA source term, which is now available to NWS forecasters The types and scales of events that are appropriate and inappropriate for modeling by HYSPLIT Key uncertainties that can cause misleading dispersion model forecasts The processes and limitations of CAMEO/ALOHA and HYSPLIT Ho ...
NWP Essentials: Data Assimilation
This lesson introduces the processes of model data assimilation. It also discusses the impacts of errors in the data assimilation on model forecasts and how a human forecaster can compensate for them.
GAW Report, 224. Ninth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center Europe (RBCC-E)
This ninth intercomparison campaign was a joint exercise of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) and the Arosa Lichtklimatisches Observatorium (LKO) of MeteoSwiss during the period 14-26 July 2014. Six Brewers managed by 11 experts from four countries participated in the campaign (Table 1). The Brewer instruments were compared with the RBCC-E travelling reference Brewer #185 for ozone. The RBCC-E transferred during this intercomparison its own absolute ozone calibration obtained by the Langley method at the Izaña Observatory (IZO). The calibration of the reference instrum ...
GAW Report, 223. Eighth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E)
The eighth Regional Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) intercomparison was held at El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station of the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) during the period 10-20 June 2013. This campaign was organized in collaboration with the Area of Instrumentation and Atmospheric Research of INTA, with the support of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and a CEOS CALVAL project of the European Space Agency (ESA). A total number of 18 Brewer spectrophotometers from eight countries participated in th ...
Role and operation of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services : a statement by the World Meteorlogical Organization for Decision Makers
This statement by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is to urge decisionmakers to enhance their support to National Meteorological and Hydrological Services to fulfil their mandates and deliver services that contribute to meeting societal needs and national development goals.
Assessing Agricultural Risk in Africa Using Satellite Data and Land Surface Models
Droughts pose a major risk in most African countries including Ghana where agricultural activities are heavily dependent on rainfall. Efforts at assessing droughts and providing decision support tools to farmers are hampered by a lack of rainfall and other meteorological data over many parts of Africa. Satellite based rainfall measurements have been suggested to fill the rainfall data gaps over Africa to enable effective assessment of droughts. Traditional methods of assessing droughts have been based on statistical formulations that relied mostly on precipitation. This approach to assessing d ...
Seamless prediction of the Earth system : from minutes to months
This book collects together White Papers that have been written to describe the state of the science and to discuss the major challenges for making further advances. The authors of each chapter have attempted to draw together key aspects of the science that was presented at WWOSC-2014. The overarching theme of this book and of WWOSC-2014 is “Seamless Prediction of the Earth System: from minutes to months”. The book is structured with chapters that address topics regarding: Observations and Data Assimilation; Predictability and Processes; Numerical Prediction of the Earth System; Weather-relate ...
WMO Guidelines on Multi-hazard Impact-based Forecast and Warning Services
Improving the understanding of the potential impacts of severe hydrometeorological events poses a challenge to NMHSs and their partner agencies, particularly disaster reduction and civil protection agencies (DRCPAs). These Guidelines establish a road map that identifies the various milestones from weather forecasts and warnings to multi-hazard impact-based forecast and warning services.
For completeness, these Guidelines also describe the ultimate step of forecasting actual impacts, although it is recognized that this is a highly sophisticated exercise, requiring strong collaboration w ...
OSCAR - Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review Tool
OSCAR is an important part of WIGOS. It has four components (see diagram below): OSCAR/Surface and OSCAR/Space contain information about surface- and space-based observing system capabilities; OSCAR/Requirements contains user requirements for all Application Areas supporting WMO Programmes, and OSCAR/Analysis is used to compare those requirements with the observing system capabilities (RRR, "Critical Review"). This allows experts and observing system operators to identify gaps and supports their planning efforts. OSCAR/Space has been available in pre-operational mode at the WMO Secretariat sin ...
WMO Capacity Development Strategy and Implementation Plan
The Capacity Development Strategy (CDS), as approved by the Executive Council at its sixty fourth session, manifests the holistic nature of capacity development. On the basis of the criteria laid down by the Sixteenth Congress and the sixty-third and sixty-fourth sessions of the Executive Council, a strategic framework was developed to ensure that a range of relevant considerations was factored in the CDS and, subsequently, the Capacity Development Strategy Implementation Plan (CDSIP). An analysis of how the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) can best help National Meteorological and Hydr ...
Role and operation of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services : a statement by the World Meteorlogical Organization for Directors of NMHSs
The Statement by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on the Role and Operation of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) presents information on the role and operation of NMHSs worldwide. The four sections of the document present the functions of NMHSs, their contribution to social and economic development, the services they provide, the basic systems to support service delivery, legislative and institutional matters, including governance, partnership and cooperation, and future development opportunities among other issues.
دليل مرجعي للممثلين الدائمين للأعضاء لدى المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية بشأن الإجراءات والممارسات المعمول بها في المنظمة
ومن المأمول أن يساعد هذا الدليل في تحسين فهم القرّاء للإجراءات والممارسات المعمول بها في المنظمة، على كل من المستوى الوطني )NMHSs( من أجل تعزيز المرافق الوطنية للأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا والعلاقات بين هذه المرافق )NMHSs( والإقليمي والدولي، وتوطيد العلاقات فيما بين المرافق الوطنية وتعزيز صورة المرافق ومكانتها. وقد أدرجت فيه، كلما كان ذلك ملائماً ومفيداً، إشارات ،)WMO( والمنظمة ولائحتها العامة وإلى مقررات المؤتمر والمجلس )WMO( إلى الأحكام ذات الصلة في اتفاقية المنظمة التنفيذي ذات الصلة.
Справочное руководство для постоянных представителей Членов при Всемирной метеорологической организации по соответствующим процедурам и практикам Организации
Хотелось бы надеяться, что настоящее Руководство поможет читателям получить более обширное представление о процедурах и практиках ВМО, с тем чтобы способствовать популяризации НМГС на национальном, региональном и международном уровнях, укреплению взаимоотношений между НМГС и между НМГС и ВМО, а также повышению их имиджа и общественного восприятия. В публикацию включены, где это было сочтено целесообразным и полезным, ссылки на соответствующие положения Конвенции ВМО, Общего регламента ВМО, а также соответствующие решения Конгресса и Исполнительного совета.
国家气象和水文局的作用和运行 : 供决策者参考的 世界气象组织的声明
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2015世界气象组织（WMO）编写这份声明的目的是敦促决策者加强对国家气象水文部门的支持， 以便于其履行职责和提供服务，从而为满足社会需求和国家发展目标做出贡献。
Роль и функционирование Национальных Метеорологических и Гидрологических Служб : Заявление Всемирной Метеорологической Организации для лиц, принимающих решения Всемирная Метеорологическая
Настоящее Заявление Всемирной Метеорологической Организации (ВМО) адресовано лицам, принимающим решения, и призывает их оказывать поддержку национальным метеорологическим и гидрологическим службам для выполнения ими своих функций и предоставления обслуживания, которое отвечает социальным потребностям и национальным целям развития.
Papel y funcionamiento de los Servicios Meteorológicos e Hidrológicos Nacionales : declaración de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial dirigida a las instancias decisorias
La presente Declaración de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) tiene por objeto instar a las instancias decisorias a que redoblen su apoyo a los Servicios Meteorológicos e Hidrológicos Nacionales (SMHN) para que cumplan su mandato y presten servicios que contribuyan a atender las necesidades de la sociedad y lograr los objetivos de desarrollo nacionales.
Rôle et fonctionnement des services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux : déclaration de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale à l’intention des décideurs
La présente déclaration de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) a pour objet d’inviter les décideurs à renforcer le soutien qu’ils apportent aux Services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux dans l’accomplissement de leur mandat pour les aider à fournir des services qui contribuent à répondre aux besoins de la société et à atteindre les objectifs nationaux de développement.
Guía para la participación en la coordinación de frecuencias radioeléctricas
La presente Guía proporciona una descripción general de los principales procesos de la UIT relativos a la coordinación de frecuencias radioeléctricas, la estructura regional y el marco reglamentario que rige la utilización del espectro de frecuencias radioeléctricas a nivel mundial2, y ofrece directrices para la gestión del espectro de frecuencias radioeléctricas a nivel nacional, así como de las órbitas de satélite. En la publicación conjunta de la OMM y la UIT, Utilización del espectro radioeléctrico en meteorología: Observación y predicción del clima, de los fenómenos meteorológicos y de lo ...
参与无线电频率协调指南
本指南总体阐述了ITU有关无线电频率协调、区域结构和全球管理无线电频谱使用 的监管框架2的主要过程，并指导国家对无线电频谱的管理及卫星轨道的管理。对气象及相 关活动至关重要的无线电频率的更详尽信息可参阅WMO/ITU联合出版物《气象无线电频谱 的使用：天气、水和气候监测及预测》3。
دليل المشاركة في تنسيق الترددات الراديوية
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2015 (طبعة 2015; مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1159)ويقدم الدليل عرضاً عاماً لعمليات الاتحاد الدولي ) ITU ( الرئيسية المتعلقة بتنسيق الترددات الراديوية، والهيكل الإقليمي والإطار التنظيمي الذي ينظّم استخدام طيف الترددات الراديوية على المستوى العالمي 2 ويُوجّه العملية الوطنية لإدارة طيف الترددات الراديوية، فضلاً عن إدارة المدارات الساتلية. ويتوفر المزيد من المعلومات المفصلة عن الترددات التي تعتبر مهمة للأرصاد الجوية والأنشطة المرتبطة بها في المطبوع المشترك بين المنظمة ) WMO ( والاتحاد الدولي ) ITU ( المعنون “استخدام الطيف الراديوي للأرصاد الجوية: الطقس والماء ومراقبة المناخ والتنبؤ به”.
Руководство по участию в координации радиочастот
Настоящее Руководство содержит общее описание основных процессов МСЭ, касающихся координации радиочастот, региональной структуры и нормативной базы, которые регулируют использование радиочастотного спектра на глобальном уровне2 и служат ориентиром для национального управления использованием радиочастотного спектра, а также спутниковых орбит. Более подробная информация о том, какие частоты важны для метеорологической и связанной с ней деятельности, содержится в совместной публикации ВМО/МСЭ Использование радиочастотного спектра в метеорологии: мониторинг и прогнозирование погоды, воды и климата ...
Guide sur la participation à la coordination des fréquences radioélectriques
Ce guide décrit de manière générale les procédures suivies par l’UIT pour assurer la coordination des fréquences radioélectriques, la structure régionale en place et le cadre réglementaire qui régit l’utilisation du spectre dans le monde2 et oriente la gestion des fréquences radioélectriques et des orbites de satellites à l’échelon national. Les fréquences qui sont importantes pour la météorologie et les activités connexes sont analysées plus en détail dans le manuel OMM/UIT intitulé Utilisation du spectre radioélectrique pour la météorologie: surveillance et prévisions concernant le climat, l ...
世界气象组织 温室气体公报 - 第11期: 基于2014年全球观测的大气温室气体状况
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2015对W MO全球大气监视网（GAW）计划观测结果的最新分析 表明，2014年全球范围内二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚 氮（N2O）的平均摩尔分数达到新高，CO2为397.7±0.1ppm[1]， CH4为18 3 3±1p p b[2]、N 2O为3 2 7.1±0.1p p b。这些值分别 为工业化(17 5 0年)前水平的14 3％、2 5 4％和121％。2 013 至2014年大气中CO2的增量与过去10年的平均值接近。2013至 2014年CH4和N2O的增量均高于2012至2013年的观测结果和过去10 年的平均增速。美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）年度温室气 体指数显示，从1990至2014年，长寿命温室气体（LLGHG）的辐射 强迫增加了36%，其中CO2的作用约占该增量的80％。
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية النشرة الخاصة غازات الاحتباس الحراري: دراسة حالة غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي باستخدام الرصدات العالمية المنجزة عام 2014
التحليلات الأخيرة للرصدات التي قدمها برنامج المراقبة العالمية للغلاف الجوي ) GAW ( التابع للمنظمة ) WMO ( توضح أن المتوسطات العالمية للكسور الجزيئية لثاني أكسيد الكربون ) CO2 ( والميثان ) CH4 ( وأكسيد النيتروز ) )N2O قد بلغت أرقاماً قياسية مرتفعة جديدة في 2014 ، إذ بلغ ثاني أكسيد الكربون 397.7±0.1 جزء في المليون، وبلغ الميثان 1± 1833 جزءاً في البليون] 2[، وأكسيد النيتروز 0.1 ± 327.1 جزء في البليون. وتشكل هذه القيم على التوالي 143 في المائة و 262 في المائة و 121 في المائة قياساً بمستويات ما قبل العصر الصناعي )عام 1750 (. وكانت زيادة ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي بين عامي 2013 و 2014 مقاربة ...
Бюллетень ВМО по Парниковым Газам - № 11: Содержание парниковых газов в атмосфере по данным глобальных наблюдений в 2014 г
Последний анализ данных наблюдений, полученных в рамках Программы Глобальной службы атмосферы (ГСА) ВМО, показывает, что глобально усредненные молярные доли двуокиси углерода (СO2), метана (СН4) и закиси азота (N2O) достигли в 2014 г. новых максимумов, причем для CO2 новый максимум составил 397,7±0,1 млн-1, для CH4 — 1833±1 млрд-1 [2], а для N2O — 327,1±0,1 млрд-1. Эти значе- ния составляют соответственно 143 %, 254 % и 121 % по отношению к доиндустриальным (1750 г.) уровням. Темпы увеличения содержания CO2 в атмосфере с 2013 по 2014 гг. близки к средним темпам роста за последние 10 лет. Как д ...
Boletín sobre los gases de efecto invernadero - N°11: Estado de los gases de efecto invernadero en la atmósfera según las observaciones mundiales realizadas en 2014
El último análisis de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del programa de la Vigilancia de la Atmósfera Global (VAG) de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) muestra que los promedios mundiales de las fracciones molares del dióxido de carbono (CO2), el metano (CH4) y el óxido nitroso (N2O) alcanzaron nuevos valores máximos en 2014 al registrar, respectivamente, 397,7±0,1 ppm, 1 833±1 ppb[2] y 327,1±0,1 ppb, lo que representa respectivamente el 143%, el 254% y el 121% de los niveles de la era preindustrial (1750). El aumento de CO2 en la atmósfera de 2013 a 2014 fue similar al promed ...
Bulletin sur les gaz à effet de serre - N°11: Bilan des gaz à effet de serre présents dans l’atmosphère, d’après les observations effectuées à l’échelle du globe en 2014
La toute dernière analyse des données d'observation recueillies dans le cadre du Programme de la Veille de l'atmosphère globale (VAG) de l'OMM révèle qu'à l'échelle du globe, les fractions molaires du dioxyde de carbone (CO2), du méthane (CH4) et du protoxyde d'azote (N2O) ont atteint de nouveaux pics en 2014, s'établissant respectivement à 397,7±0,1 ppm[1], 1833±1 ppb[2] et 327,1±0,1 ppb. Ces valeurs représentent respectivement 143 %, 254 % et 121 % des niveaux préindustriels (en 1750). Le taux d'accroissement du CO2 atmosphérique entre 2013 et 2014 est proche de la moyenne calculée sur les d ...
إستراتيجية المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية لتطوير القدرات وخطة تنفيذها
وأثمرت هذه الخطوات عن بلورة إستراتيجية صيغت لأجل توجيه أنشطة المنظمة ) WMO ( لتطوير القدرات اعتباراً من الفترة المالية السادسة عشرة ) 2012 - 2015 (، عقب دراسة منهجية للطرق التي استُخدمت بنجاح لتعزيز المرافق الوطنية ) NMHSs (، وبفضل الدعم الذي قدمته المنظمة ) WMO ( عبر أعضائها وبرامجها وهيئاتها التأسيسية. وأُعدّت إستراتيجية المنظمة ) WMO ( لتطوير القدرات وخطتها التنفيذية لمساعدة جميع الأعضاء، ولا سيما البلدان الأقل نمواً والدول الجزرية الصغيرة النامية.
WMO能力发展 战略及执行计划
制定此战略是为了从第16个财期(2012-2015)开始为WMO能力发展活动提供指导。此 战略的制定完成基于对成功用于加强NHMS能力建设的步骤和方法的系统研究，WMO也通 过其会员、计划和各组织机构向此战略的制定工作提供支持。WMO能力发展战略及执行计 划旨在协助所有会员，尤其是最不发达国家以及小岛屿发展中国家。
Стратегия ВМО в области развития потенциала и План осуществления
^Разработанная в результате Стратегия, предназначенная для руководства деятельностью ВМО по развитию потенциала начиная с шестнадцатого финансового периода (2012- 2015 гг.), возникла из систематического исследования процессов, которые успешно применялись для укрепления НМГС и поддержки, предоставляемой со стороны ВМО через ее страны-члены, программы и конституционные органы. Стратегия ВМО в области развития потенциала и План осуществления Стратегии были созданы в помощь странам- членам, в особенности наименее развитым странам и малым островным развивающимся государствам.
Estrategia de desarrollo de capacidad de la OMM y Plan de aplicación
La Estrategia resultante, concebida para orientar las actividades de desarrollo de la capacidad de la OMM a partir del decimosexto periodo financiero (2012-2015), tuvo su origen en un estudio sistematico de los procesos que habian contribuido a reforzar los SMHN y en el respaldo otorgado por la OMM, por conducto de sus Miembros, programas y organos integrantes. La Estrategia de desarrollo de capacidad de la OMM y su Plan de aplicacion se disenaron para asistir a todos los Miembros, en particular a los paises menos adelantados y los pequenos Estados insulares en desarrollo.
Stratégie de l’OMM pour le développement des capacités et Plan de mise en oeuvre
La presente strategie, destinee a orienter les activites de l’OMM en matiere de developpement des capacites a partir de la seizieme periode financiere (2012–2015), est le fruit d’une etude systematique des moyens qui ont fait la preuve de leur efficacite pour renforcer les SMHN, et du soutien apporte par l’OMM par le biais de ses Membres, de ses programmes et de ses organes constituants. La Strategie et son Plan de mise en oeuvre ont ete concus pour venir en aide a tous les Membres, et en particulier aux pays les moins avances et aux petits Etats insulaires en developpement.
Directives de l’OMM sur les services de prévision et d’alerte multidanger axées sur les impacts
Mieux comprendre les incidences potentielles des phenomenes hydrometeorologiques violents represente un defi pour les SMHN et leurs partenaires, notamment les organismes de protection civile et de prevention des catastrophes. A cette fin, les presentes directives repertorient les diverses etapes a suivre, depuis l’elaboration de previsions et d’alertes meteorologiques jusqu’a la prestation de services de prevision et d’alerte multidanger axees sur les impacts.
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المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية النشرة الخاصة بغازات الدفيئة
