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Report on the results of the survey on the impacts of achieved results on members conducted in February-October 2012 : full report
A survey on the “Impacts of Achieved Results on Members” was undertaken in February-October 2012. The Members were requested to respond to a questionnaire developed by the EC WG/SOP, which comprised of 129 questions. As of October 2012, a total of 109 NMHSs (58%) had responded. Of these, six started the survey but only responded to a few questions. The response rate per Regional Association (RA) is as follows: RA I (Africa) – 42%; RA II (Asia) – 65%; RA III (South America) – 58%; RA IV (North America, Central America and the Caribbean) – 68%; RA V (South-West Pacific) – 50%; and RA VI ( ...
GCOS, 162. Report of the 5th GTN-H Coordination Panel Meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2012The report presented here thus reports on progress made since the 4th GTN-H Panel meeting in 2009 but it also summarizes achievements of GTN-H since its inception in 2001 including the identification of gaps and further opportunities. Further, the report provides information on the future coordination of GTN-H since the change of coordinators in July 2012 and the review of activities to be undertaken by GTN-H partners.
Operating Plan for the Enhancement of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in Regional Association II (Asia) (2012–2015)
WMO, 2012This document contains the core of the RA II Operating Plan. It takes into account the framework of the WMO Strategic Plan 2012-2015 (i.e., eight Expected Results grouped within five Strategic Thrusts under three Global Societal Needs). Under the relevant WMO Strategic Plan Expected Results, Regional Key Outcomes (RKOs) and corresponding Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are identified which serve as the common regional basis for action. Listed under each of the RKOs are the areas where deliverables are expected, through cooperation among Members, especially their NMHSs, for enhanced provision ...
Subseasonal to seasonal prediction - Research implementation plan, 22 June 2012
The subseasonal to seasonal timescale provides a unique opportunity to capitalise on the expertise of the weather and climate research communities, and to bring them together to improve predictions on a timescale of particular relevance to the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). A planning group which included representatives from WWRP/THORPEX, WCRP, CBS and CCl drafted the implementation plan, giving high priority to establishing collaboration and co-ordination between operational centres and the research community involved in subseasonal to seasonal prediction, and to sponsorship o ...
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DBCP Technical Document, 45. Presentations at the DBCP Scientific and Technical Workshop
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2012
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DBCP Technical Document, 44. Annual report for 2011
GAW Report, 204. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Air Sampling in Stainless Steel Canisters for Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Analysis
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Weiß Elisabeth; World Calibration Centre for Volatile Organic Compounds (WCC-VOCs); et al. - WMO, 2012This document gives guidance for sampling of atmospheric volatile non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in whole air using electro-polished stainless steel canisters in the WMO GAW network. The described procedures are appropriate for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds with two to six carbon atoms (C2 to C6). NMHCs with more than six carbon atoms tend to be adsorbed on the canister surfaces and may only be partially recovered. The procedures are valid for analyzing volatile alkane, alkyl and isoprene mole fractions in continental background air with mole fractio ...
Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe 2012„ - Tracking progress towards Kyoto and 2020 targets
European Environment Agency (EEA) - EEA, 2012This report presents an overview of the progress achieved so far by the EU, its Member States and other EEA member countries towards their respective targets under the Kyoto Protocol and the EU burden-sharing agreement, as well as 2020 targets set at EU level. The assessment is based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data in Europe for the period 2008…2011, including recent EEA estimates of proxy 2011 GHG emissions.
World Weather Watch: the fifth WMO Workshop on the impact of various observing systems on numerical weather prediction
The 5th WMO workshop on the impact of various observing systems on numerical weather prediction (NWP) was held 22-25 May 2012 in Sedona, Arizona (United States). The Workshop was hosted for WMO by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, and additional financial support was provided by THORPEX, NASA, and NOAA (GOES-R Program Office). The WMO Expert Team on the Evolution of the Global Observing System (ET-EGOS) had proposed topics for NWP impact studies (Appendix I) relevant to the evolution of global observing systems (GOS) and participants were encouraged to present results on ...
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CAWCR technical report, 50. On the sensitivity of Australian temperature trends and variability to analysis methods and observation networks
Fawcett R.J.B.; Trewin B.; Braganza K.; et al. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2012This report presents an exploration of Australian temperature trends and variability using the new Australian Climate Observations Reference Network (ACORN) Surface Air Temperature (SAT) dataset. We compare changes in nationally and annually averaged daily-maximum, dailyminimum and daily-mean temperature variability to a range of alternative Australian temperature analyses over the last 100 years (1911-2010).
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CAWCR technical report, 49. Techniques involved in developing the Australian Climate Observations Reference Network - Surface Air Temperature (ACORN-SAT) dataset
The Australian Climate Observations Reference Network – Surface Air Temperature (ACORNSAT) data set is a long-term data set of Australian daily air temperature, covering the period from 1910 to the present. The purpose of this data set is to provide the best possible data set to underlie analyses of variability and change of temperature in Australia, including both analyses of annual and seasonal mean temperatures, and of extremes of temperature and other information derived from daily temperatures. A full discussion of the motivation underlying the ACORN-SAT data set is contained in a compani ...
Expert Team on requirements and implementation of AWS platforms (ET-AWS) (seventh session) : final report
WMO, 2012
TCP, 52. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Satellite Analysis of Tropical Cyclones
The first WMO International Workshop on Satellite Analysis of Tropical Cyclones (IWSATC) was organized by the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) in collaboration with the WMO World Weather Research Programme (WWRP), and the World Data Center (WDC) for Meteorology which is maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The main purpose of IWSATC is to increase the accuracy and reliability of satellite analyses of tropical cyclones (TCs) by sharing the latest knowledge and techniques amongst operational forecasters of the major warning centers and researchers. The or ...
GCOS, 155. WIGOS Pilot Project Meeting on GRUAN Observing Practices and Governance: final report
This report provides a summary of the WIGOS Pilot Project meeting on GRUAN Observing Practices and Governance, held at WMO Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland from 25 to 27 January 2012.
The meeting reviewed the governance structure of GRUAN and agreed to small changes in governance that would: better enable WMO to provide guidance to GRUAN on operational practices and procedures, to assist GRUAN to extend its operations to include a near-real-time operational model of data delivery in the next few years; and in doing so, assist in nurturing additional participation of WMO Members in ...
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Results of the Survey on the Role and Operation of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services Conducted in June–August 2011
The present publication is intended to facilitate a common understanding of the basic qualifications being required of individuals who are to be recognized either as Meteorologists or as Meteorological Technicians, as defined by World Meteorological Organization (WMO), while also assisting National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in establishing their respective personnel classification systems and training programmes to satisfactorily meet international standards.
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Seasonal forecasting outlook for precipitation and average temperature in North Africa for the February-March-April season
ACMAD, 2012
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A statistically predictive model for future monsoon failure in India
Schewe J. - IOPscience, 2012Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall is the major prerequisite of agricultural productivity in the region and its variability severely affects the livelihoods of a large share of the world’s population. While average ISM rainfall has been relatively stable during the past century, rising trends have been observed in the annual number of extreme rain events. This study shows severe failure of ISM rainfall is possible but unlikely under present climatic conditions, according to a comprehensive climate model. However, monsoon failure is projected to become much more frequent over the next 200 yea ...
Microwave Remote Sensing: Overview, 2nd Edition
This module presents an overview of space-based microwave remote sensing for environmental applications with a focus on meteorological applications. It delivers basic information on polar-orbiting satellite characteristics, current microwave instruments, and the products they provide. Special attention is given to the newer capabilities of the U.S.’s Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) and future JPSS (Joint Polar Satellite System) satellites with additional information included for those missions being operated by international partners. This module also serves as an introduction ...
Gridded Forecast Verification and Bias Correction
To become a better forecaster, it is not enough to simply know that a forecast did not verify. One must determine what happened and identify methods for improvement through forecast verification. The forecast verification process helps answer questions like: Is there a particular method that has been more effective in the past in similar circumstances? Is there guidance that is more accurate? Are there persistent biases in our forecasts? Do our forecasts perform better in certain regimes than others? In the era of gridded forecasts, grid-based verification provides more information about the s ...
Satellite Feature Identification: Atmospheric Rivers
The Satellite Feature Identification: Atmospheric Rivers lesson presents the global moisture transport phenomenon known as the Atmospheric River (AR). ARs are responsible for transporting the majority of maritime moisture from low to middle latitudes. Advanced satellite products, including Integrated Water Vapor and Total Precipitable Water, provide excellent observations of AR development and evolution. This lesson demonstrates the usefulness of these products in forecasting the impacts of ARs, especially when they are combined with numerical weather prediction products. Several AR case studi ...
Writing Effective TAFs in the Caribbean
The module reviews the fundamental steps for writing a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) using guidelines and recommendations developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). This module outlines effective forecast methodologies to develop TAFs that represent the expected conditions that aviation customers can use to make operational decisions and minimize unnecessary costs. The module walks users through the process of analysis of satellite, surface, and observational data to create a TAF forecast for an airport in the Caribbea ...
Remote Sensing Using Satellites, 2nd Edition
The second edition of the popular "Remote Sensing Using Satellites" module updates imagery of recent hurricanes as well as other phenomena from more recent satellites. The suggested audience for this module is high school and undergraduate students. Learn about remote sensing in general and then more specifically about how it is done from satellites. We will focus on the visible and infrared channels, those commonly seen on television broadcasts. Come explore the view of Earth from space and see what we see. In the second chapter, we will focus even more on hurricanes and specifically Hurrican ...
Monitoring the Climate System with Satellites
The international science community has identified a set of Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) that should be monitored for measuring the climate system, how it is changing, and its likely impact on future climate. Environmental satellites play an important role in this effort. They are uniquely positioned to provide broad, spatially consistent, and continuous global sampling of many of the ECVs. This module explores the benefits of monitoring the climate system with satellites. We begin by reviewing how satellites observe key atmospheric elements and features that are found in a variety of cl ...
Introduction to Climate Models
This module explains how climate models work. Because the modeling of both weather and climate share many similarities, the content throughout this module draws frequent comparisons and highlights the differences. We explain not only how, but why climate models differ from weather models. To do so, we explore the difference between weather and climate, then show how models are built to simulate climate and generate the statistics that describe it. We conclude with a discussion of models are tuned and tested. Understanding how climate responds to changes in atmospheric composition and other fac ...
Satellite Feature Identification: Cyclogenesis
This lesson, Satellite Feature Identification: Cyclogenesis, uses water vapor satellite imagery to present a satellite perspective of basic features associated with the formation and development of extratropical cyclones. First, through an initial case study, the precursor elements leading to cyclogenesis are identified. Then three conceptual views of different ways cyclogenesis can evolve are presented along with additional examples to illustrate the concepts. Finally a series of exercises, again using real case studies, are used to emphasize the important points and provide realistic scenari ...
Satellite Monitoring of Atmospheric Composition
Satellite monitoring of atmospheric composition provides important information for a number of applications, including stratospheric ozone monitoring, long-range pollutant transport, biomass burning, air quality monitoring and forecasting, and climate change. This module provides an overview of the use of satellites in these application areas, the measurement techniques used, and the development of related operational services. In addition, the module covers a short history of European and U.S. satellite missions, as well as a look at future missions planned for monitoring atmospheric composit ...
Imaging with VIIRS: A Convergence of Technologies and Experience, 2nd Edition
This module introduces the VIIRS imager that was launched on the Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) satellite in October 2011 and will fly on future U.S. JPSS weather satellites. The VIIRS imager has many advanced features that improve both spectral and spatial resolution. Together with modernized data communication and processing systems, VIIRS will provide consistent, high quality, and high resolution data to users. The module covers the enhanced capabilities of VIIRS by examining the systems that contributed to its development. Special attention is paid to the Day/Night Visible ...
ASMET: Flooding in West Africa
The rainy season in Sahelian West Africa extends from June to September and is tied to the position of the intertropical front. During this period, mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) often produce significant rainfall that can lead to flooding. This module examines an extreme flooding event that occurred in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso from 31 August to 1 September 2009. Learners assume the role of forecaster, assessing meteorological conditions to see if an MCS will develop that can lead to heavy rain and flooding. They follow a forecast process that emphasizes the use of satellite data, standa ...
Atmospheric Dust
Atmospheric dust storms are common in many of the world's semi-arid and arid regions and can impact local, regional, and even global weather, agriculture, public health, transportation, industry, and ocean health. This module takes a multifaceted approach to studying atmospheric dust storms. The first chapter examines the impacts of dust storms, the physical processes involved in their life cycle, their source regions, and their climatology. The second chapter explores satellite products (notably dust RGBs) and dust models used for dust detection and monitoring, and presents a process for fore ...
Weather Radar Fundamentals
This 2-hour module presents the fundamental principles of Doppler weather radar operation and how to interpret common weather phenomena using radar imagery. This is accomplished via conceptual animations and many interactive radar examples in which the user can practice interpreting both radar reflectivity and radar velocity imagery. Although intended as an accelerated introduction to understanding and using basic Doppler weather radar products, the module can also serve as an excellent refresher for more experienced users.
Suomi NPP: A New Generation of Environmental Monitoring Satellites
The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership or Suomi NPP satellite, launched in 2011, is the first of a new series of missions under NOAA's JPSS program. Suomi NPP has two major goals: global observing of the Earth's atmosphere, land, and ocean surface; and climate monitoring. Suomi NPP observations are used to create operational forecast products and provide input to numerical weather prediction models. They also provide continuity to the satellite climate record and other environmental datasets. This module provides an overview of the Suomi NPP satellite. The first half describes its missi ...
ASMET: 2009 Drought in East Africa
The module examines the 2009 drought in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA), focusing on conditions in Kenya. The module begins by reviewing drought conditions in the years leading up to 2009. From there, it examines the seasonal climate forecast for the beginning of 2009 and see what it portends. Satellite products are used to study rainfall performance throughout the year and its impact on the drought situation. Finally, the module describes the climate oscillations that can impact drought in the GHA and identifies patterns that were present in 2009 and contributed to its severity. By the end o ...
PWS, 26. Directives pour l’élaboration d’un mémorandum d’accord entre un Service météorologique ou hydrométéorologique national et un organisme partenaire et pour la mise au point de procédures d’exploitation normalisées
Un modèle général décrivant les principaux éléments d'un mémorandum d'accord est inclus dans les présentes directives. Ce modèle est censé servir de guide et ne doit pas être considéré comme contraignant. Les éléments à inclure dans le modèle et les dispositions à prévoir sont déterminés par le contexte particulier dans lequel s'inscrivent le SMN considéré et l'organisme partenaire. On trouvera ici deux exemples instructifs de mémorandum d'accord, l'un entre un SMN et un service de gestion des catastrophes et l'autre entre un SMN et une agence de presse.
Strategic operating plan for the enhancement of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSS) in Regional Association II (Asia)
This RA II Strategic Operating Plan aims at providing a clear path forward for the Region to address critical societal needs. It takes into account the framework of the WMO Strategic Plan 2012-2015 which was approved in the Sixteenth World Meteorological Congress (Geneva, May/June 2011), with eight Expected Results grouped within five Strategic Thrusts under three Global Societal Needs.
Principes directeurs relatifs aux systèmes de prévision d'ensemble et à la prévision d'ensemble
Les systèmes de prévision d’ensemble sont des systèmes de prévision numérique du temps qui nous permettent d’évaluer l’incertitude des prévisions météorologiques ainsi que leurs incidences les plus probables. Au lieu de faire tourner le modèle de prévision numérique une seule fois (prévision déterministe), on le fait tourner plusieurs fois avec des conditions initiales très légèrement différentes. Souvent, la physique du modèle est un peu perturbée et, dans certains ensembles, on fait appel à plusieurs modèles (systèmes de prévision d’ensemble multimodèle) ou à un seul modèle mais avec d ...
International organizing committee for the WMO solid precipitation intercomparison experiment, third session : final report
This report provides a summary of the third session of the International Organizing Committee (IOC) of the WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) that was held in Brussels, Belgium on 15 October 2012. The IOC reviewed the proposal from NCAR to provide the data archive for level 1 and 2a data and approved it. It made a number of recommendations for the finalization and improvement of the proposal relevant for example to the data format, interaction with sites, and provision of maintenance information by the sites. The IOC reviewed the status of preparation of all northern he ...
WWRP/THORPEX, 18. International Core Steering Committee for THORPEX : final report
The TIGGE-LAM panel was set up by the GIFS-TIGGE working group to coordinate the contribution from Limited Area Model (LAM) Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS) to TIGGE (the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble, Bougeault et al. 2010) and to the proposed GIFS (Global Interactive Forecast System). After a couple of years of activity, the Panel was requested by the WWRP Joint Scientific Committee to develop a Strategic Plan outlining the main scientific and development issues on which TIGGE LAM must concentrate to advance LAM EPS and defining specific activities related to these issues. Furth ...
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JCOMM Technical Report, 68. 8th JCOMM-TCP Workshop on Storm Surge and Wave Forecasting (SSW-8): proceedings
The Eighth JCOMM-TCP Workshop on Storm Surge and Wave Forecasting (SSW-8) was held at the Institute for Meteorological Training and Research (IMTR), Nairobi, Kenya, from 19 to 23 November 2012.
This series of workshop is co-organized by the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) and the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP), with a view to enhancing capacities of the National Hydrological and Meteorological Services (NMHSs) in providing necessary forecasting and warning services against natural marine hazards that complement b ...
PWS, 26. Guidelines for Creating a Memorandum of Understanding and a Standard Operating Procedure between a National Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Service and a Partner Agency
Considering the crucial role of media in the delivery of warning and other essential meteorological information, it is important that NMHSs and respective national media organizations put in place formal agreements that will guide their collaborative work in serving the public. The CBS/OPAG-PWS Expert Team on Communication, Outreach and Public Education Aspects of PWS (ET/COPE) therefore decided to collaborate with the ET/DPM to prepare a set of guidelines, for use by NMHSs, for the establishment of such formal agreements between a National Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Service (NMS) a ...
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Geological hazard and risk assessment - Kabupaten Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur
2012This document reports on a project intended to elaborate and test practical georisk analysis processes in Indonesia, primarily based on existing hazard and vulnerability data. It describes the methodology developed by the project at the local level (Kabupaten scale) and is aimed at delivering practical insight into the steps necessary to undertake 'natural' disaster risk assessment at Kabupaten level. It is intended to support Indonesian governmental authorities in coping with disaster risk management.
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National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990–2010 : Note by the secretariat
All 42 Parties included in Annex I to the Convention (Annex I Parties) submitted their greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory common reporting format (CRF) tables and national inventory reports (NIRs) in 2012. By the deadline of 15 April, 41 sets of CRF tables and 36 NIRs had been received. From 1990 to 2010, total aggregate GHG emissions excluding emissions/removals from land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) for all Annex I Parties decreased by 8.9 per cent, and total GHG emissions/removals including LULUCF decreased by 14.6 per cent. For Annex I Parties with economies in transition ( ...
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