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Руководящие указания ВМО по обслуживанию прогнозами и предупреждениями о многих опасных явлениях с учетом их возможных последствий
Улучшение понимания потенциальных последствий суровых гидрометеорологических явлений является сложной задачей для НМГС и являющихся их партнерами учреждений, в частности учреждений, занимающихся вопросами уменьшения опасности бедствий и гражданской обороны (УУОБГO). Настоящие Руководящие указания устанавливают «дорожную карту», в которой определяются различные этапы перехода от обслуживания прогнозами погоды и предупреждениями к обслуживанию прогнозами многих опасных явлений и предупреждениями о них с учетом возможных последствий. Для полноты картины в данных Руководящих указаниях также описыв ...
Directrices de la OMM sobre servicios de predicción y aviso multirriesgos que tienen en cuenta los impactos
La mejora de la comprension de los posibles impactos de los fenomenos hidrometeorologicos extremos es un reto para los SMHN y sus organismos asociados, en particular los organismos para la reduccion de desastres y proteccion civil. Estas Directrices establecen un programa en el que se identifican los distintos hitos desde la prediccion y los avisos meteorologicos hasta los servicios de prediccion y aviso multirriesgos que tienen en cuenta los impactos. En aras de la integridad, estas Directrices tambien describen el ultimo paso de la prediccion de los impactos reales, aunque se reconoce que es ...
أداة تحليل واستعراض قدرات نظم الرصد OSCAR
أداة تحليل واستعراض قدرات نظم الرصد جزء مهم من النظام العالمي المتكامل للرصد، ولها أربعة مكونات )انظر الرسم البياني أدناه(: تتضمن الأداة OSCAR /السطح والأداة OSCAR /الفضاء معلومات عن قدرات نظم الرصد السطحية والفضائية؛ وتتضمن الأداة OSCAR /المتطلبات متطلبات المستخدم لكل مجالات التطبيق الداعمة لبرامج المنظمة، وتستخدم الأداة OSCAR /التحليل لمقارنة تلك المتطلبات مع قدرات نظم الرصد ) RRR ، ‘‘الاستعراض النقدي’’(. ويتيح ذلك للخبراء ومشغلي نظم الرصد تحديد الفجوات ويدعم جهودهم في مجال التخطيط. وتوجد الأداة OSCAR /الفضاء متاحة في وضع سابق للتشغيل في أمانة المنظمة منذ 2012 . وفي 2014 ، أبرمت المنظمة والم ...
OSCAR - 观测系统能力分析和审 查工具
OSCAR是WIGOS的重要组成部分。它包括四个组份（参见下 图）：OSCAR/地面和OSCAR/空间包含了有关地基-和 空基观测系统能力的信息；OSCAR/需求包含了支持WMO 计划的所有应用领域的用户需求，OSCAR/分析用于将这 些要求与观测系统能力进行比对（RRR，“关键审查”）。这 使得专家和观测系统运行方可以找出差距并支持他们的 规划。OSCAR/空间自2012年起在WMO秘书处已处于预运 行状态。2014年WMO和瑞士气象局达成一项协议，以共同开 发地面、需求和分析这三个组份。
OSCAR - Инструмент анализа и обзора возможностей наблюдательных систем
ОСКАР является важной частью ИГСНВ. В него входят четыре компонента (см. схему ниже): ОСКАР/Земля и ОСКАР/Космос содержат информацию о возможностях наземных и космических систем наблюдений; ОСКАР/ Потребности содержит потребности пользователей для всех областей применений в поддержку программ ВМО, ОСКАР/Анализ используется для сравнения этих потребностей с возможностями систем наблюдений (РОП, «Критический обзор»). Это позволяет экспертам и операторам систем наблюдений определять пробелы и оказывает поддержку их деятельности по планиро- ванию. ОСКАР/Космос доступен в предоперативном режиме в С ...
OSCAR - Mecanismo de análisis y examen de la capacidad de los sistemas de observación
OSCAR es una parte importante de WIGOS. Tiene cuatro componentes (véase el diagrama a continuación): OSCAR/Surface y OSCAR/Space incluyen información sobre la capacidad de los sistemas de observación de superficie y espaciales; OSCAR/Requirements incluye las necesidades de los usuarios para las esferas de aplicación que prestan apoyo a los Programas de la OMM, y OSCAR/Analysis sirve para comparar esas necesidades con la capacidad de los sistemas de observación (examen continuo de las necesidades, “examen crítico”). Ello permite a los expertos y operado¬res de los sistemas de observación detect ...
OSCAR - Outil d’analyse et d’examen de la capacité des systèmes d’observation
OSCAR, qui est un élément important du WIGOS, comporte quatre composantes (voir diagramme ci-dessous): OSCARSurface et OSCAR-Espace contiennent des informations sur les capacités des systèmes d’observation en surface et par satellite; OSCAR-Besoins fournit des précisions sur les besoins des utilisateurs dans tous les domaines d’application à l’appui des programmes de l’OMM; OSCAR-Analyse sert à comparer ces besoins et les capacités des systèmes d’observation (étude continue des besoins, «examen critique»); cette composante permet aux experts et aux exploitants des systèmes d’observation de déf ...
دور المرافق الوطنية للأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا وعملها : بيان المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية الموجه لمديري المرافق الوطنية للأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا
يقدم بيان المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية ) WMO ( بشأن دور المرافق الوطنية للأرصاد الجوية والهيدرولوجيا NMHSs( ( وعملها معلومات عن أدوار وعمليات هذه المرافق الوطنية ) NMHSs ( على النطاق العالمي. وتعرض الأجزاء الأربعة للوثيقة وظائف المرافق الوطنية ) NMHSs (، وإسهامها في التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، والخدمات التي تقدمها، والنظم الأساسية التي تدعم تقديم الخدمات، والمسائل التشريعية والمؤسسية، بما في ذلك التنظيم والإدارة، والشراكات والتعاون، وفرص التطور في المستقبل، ضمن مسائل أخرى.
国家气象和水文局的作用和运行 : 世界气象组织的声明 -致各NMHS局长
世界气象组织 (WMO) - 世界气象组织 (WMO), 2015世界气象组织（WMO）关于国家气象水文部门（NMHS）的作用和运作的声明提供了有关全世界国家气象水文部门的作用和运作的信息。本文件的四个部分介绍了NMHS的职能、对社会经济发展的贡献、所提供的服务、支持服务分发的基本系统、法律和体制事宜，包括管理、伙伴关系与合作，以及未来发展机遇等。
Роль и функционирование Национальных Метеорологических и Гидрологических Служб : Заявление Всемирной Метеорологической Организации для директоров НМГС
Настоящее Заявление Всемирной Метеорологической Организации (ВМО) о роли и функционировании национальных метеорологических и гидрологических служб (НМГС) содержит информацию о роли и функционировании НМГС во всем мире. В четырех разделах документа представлена информация о функциях НМГС, их вкладе в социальноэкономическое развитие, предлагаемых ими видах обслуживания, основных системах поддержки предоставления обслуживания, законодательных и институциональных аспектах, включая управление, партнерства и сотрудничество, а также потенциальные возможности для дальнейшего развития, в числе прочих в ...
Papel y funcionamiento de los Servicios Meteorológicos e Hidrológicos Nacionales : declaración de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial para los directores de los SMHN
La Declaración de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) sobre el papel y el funcionamiento de los Servicios Meteorológicos e Hidrológicos Nacionales ofrece información sobre las funciones y actividades de dichos Servicios en el mundo entero. El documento, dividido en cuatro partes, expone las funciones de los Servicios Meteorológicos e Hidrológicos Nacionales (SMHN), la contribución de esos Servicios al desarrollo social y económico, los servicios prestados, los sistemas básicos que respaldan la prestación de servicios, las cuestiones legislativas e institucionales, con inclusión del gob ...
Rôle et fonctionnement des services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux : déclaration de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale à l’intention des directeurs des SMHN
La Déclaration de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) relative au rôle et au fonctionnement des Services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux (SMHN) présente des informations sur le rôle et le fonctionnement des SMHN dans le monde entier. Les quatre parties du document décrivent en particulier les fonctions des SMHN, leur contribution au développement économique et social, les services qu’ils assurent, les systèmes de base appuyant la prestation de services, les questions juridiques et institutionnelles, y compris la gouvernance, les partenariats et la coopération, ainsi que les ...
Prévoir l'évolution du système terrestre de la minute au mois
La publication rassemble des «livres blancs» qui présentent l’état d’avancement de la météorologie et les grands défis à relever pour progresser encore. Dans chaque chapitre, les auteurs ont cherché à récapituler des éléments fondamentaux présentés à la Conférence. Le thème directeur de l’ouvrage comme de la Conférence est le «continuum de prévision du système terrestre de quelques minutes à plusieurs mois». La publication s’organise en chapitres portant notamment sur les observations et l’assimilation des données, la prévisibilité et les différents processus, la prévision numérique du système ...
La predicción sin discontinuidad del sistema tierra : de minutos a meses
El presente libro reúne documentos informativos elaborados para describir la situación actual de la ciencia y debatir los principales desafíos para seguir avanzando. Los autores de cada capítulo han tratado de recopilar los aspectos científicos clave presentados en la primera Conferencia científica abierta sobre meteorología mundial. El tema principal del presente libro y la Conferencia es “La predicción sin discontinuidad del sistema Tierra: de minutos a meses”. El libro está estructurado en varios capítulos que abordan temas relacionados con las observaciones y la asimilación de datos, la pr ...
Guía de referencia para los representantes permanentes de los miembros ante la organización meteorológica mundial sobre los procedimientos y las prácticas de la organización
Se espera que esta Guía ayude a los lectores a conocer mejor los procedimientos y las prácticas de la OMM a fin de promover a los SMHN en los planos nacional, regional e internacional, intensificar las relaciones de los SMHN entre ellos y con la OMM, y realzar su imagen y notoriedad. Siempre que se ha considerado útil y conveniente se han incluido referencias a las disposiciones pertinentes del Convenio de la OMM, el Reglamento General de la OMM y las decisiones pertinentes del Congreso y del Consejo Ejecutivo.
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L’Observatoire de Hong Kong – Servir grâce à la science
Le 23 mars, à l’occasion de la Journée météorologique mondiale, l’Observatoire de Hong Kong a célébré son cent trentième anniversaire au sein de ses quatre branches et de ses 318 employés. Il avait reçu pour mission, lors de sa création en 1883, de servir le transport maritime, secteur crucial pour le commerce et le développement économique de Hong Kong1(Chine2) qui était en train de devenir un grand port commercial. L’Observatoire a toujours cherché à innover afin de s’acquitter de cette mission, mesurant l’importance des connaissances scientifiques et techniques pour la prestation de service ...
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Un processus en cascade pour de meilleurs services de prévision et d’alerte
Bulletin, Vol. 62(2). OMM, 2014Les immenses progrès accomplis ces dernières décennies dans le domaine de la prévision numérique du temps (PNT) ont été possibles grâce à l’intensification et à la meilleure assimilation des observations, à l’augmentation de la puissance des ordinateurs et à l’approfondissement de notre compréhension des processus dynamiques et physiques en cause. Ces avancées, qui ont permis d’affiner la prévision des conditions météorologiques, présenteront encore plus d’intérêt à l’avenir. En conséquence, la météorologie, l’hydrologie, l’océanographie et la climatologie opérationnelles s’orientent maintenan ...
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Stratégie pour une architecture de surveillance du climat à partir de l’espace
La demande de services climatologiques a énormément augmenté ces dernières décennies. D’importantes sphères d’activité du secteur public et privé, par exemple les assurances, l’agriculture, la santé, l’énergie et les transports, doivent pouvoir compter sur des informations et services climatologiques fiables pour établir leurs plans stratégiques, orienter leurs investissements et prendre des décisions quotidiennes. Le Cadre mondial pour les services climatologiques (CMSC) offre une structure pour élaborer de tels services.
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The Hong Kong Observatory – Through Science We Serve
The four branches and 318 staff of the Hong Kong Observa- tory (hereafter referred to as the Observatory) celebrated its 130th anniversary on 23 March, World Meteorological Day.
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Cascading Process to Improve Forecasting and Warning Services
Bulletin, Vol. 62(2). WMO, 2014The advances in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) in the last decades have been tremendous thanks to more, and better assimilated, observations, higher computing power and progress in our understanding of dynamics and physics.
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A Strategy for an Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space
The demand for climate services has increased considerably over recent decades.
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 - Assessment for Decision-Makers (GORMP 55)
The present document will be part of the information upon which the Parties to the United Nations Montreal Protocol will base their future decisions regarding ozone-depleting substances, their alternatives, and protection of the ozone layer. It is the latest in a long series of scientific assessments that have informed the Parties.
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.10: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2013
This tenth WMO/GAW Annual GHG Bulletin reports atmospheric abundances and rates of change of the most important long-lived greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide – and provides a summary of the contributions of the other gases. These three, together with CFC-12 and CFC-11, account for approximately 96%[5] of radiative forcing due to LLGHGs (Figure 1). For the first time, this bulletin contains a section on ocean acidification prepared in collaboration with the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the ...
WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (GHG Bulletin) - No.10 - Climate Summit edition: The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2013
This tenth WMO/GAW Annual GHG Bulletin reports atmospheric abundances and rates of change of the most important long-lived greenhouse gases – carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide – and provides a summary of the contributions of the other gases. These three, together with CFC-12 and CFC-11, account for approximately 96%[5] of radiative forcing due to LLGHGs (Figure 1). For the first time, this bulletin contains a section on ocean acidification prepared in collaboration with the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the ...
The WMO AMDAR Observing System : Benefits to airlines and aviation
A 4-page brochure, developed and published by WMO, that briefly explains the benefits of the AMDAR observing system to airlines and the aviation industry.
Всемирная метеорологическая организация Технический отчет, 2014-02. Требования к осуществлению и функционированию программы AMDAR
В настоящем документе представлено руководство для стран-членов ВМО относитель-но требований к созданию и эксплуатации в сотрудничестве с одной или несколькими партнерскими коммерческими авиакомпаниями национальной или региональной систе-мы наблюдений AMDAR. Данный документ был составлен и пересмотрен экспертами в области систем наблюдений стран-членов ВМО, включая членов группы экспертов по системам наблюдений с бортов ВС (ET-ABO) Комиссии по основным системам (КОС) ВМО.
WIGOS Technical Report, 2014-02. Requirements for the Implementation and Operation of an AMDAR Programme
This document provides guidance to WMO Members on the requirements for the establishment and operation of a national or regional AMDAR observing system in collaboration with one or more partner commercial airlines. It has been contributed to and reviewed by observing system experts of WMO Members, including members of the WMO Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) Expert Team on Aircraft-Based Observing Systems (ET-ABO).
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DBCP Technical Document, 51. Presentations at the DBCP Scientific and Technical Workshop
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DBCP Technical Document, 48. Annual report for 2013
IOM Report, 115. AMDAR Onboard Software Functional Requirements Specification : (Version 1.1, 2 June 2014)
This document provides a functional specification for AMDAR onboard software, which can be utilized by avionics software developers to build avionics software applications for AMDAR that will efficiently meet WMO standards and requirements for reporting of meteorological data from the aircraft platform utilizing aviation communications protocols and infrastructure.
DBCP Technical Document, 49. Proceedings of the Second Capacity Building Workshop of the DBCP for the North Pacific Ocean and its Marginal Seas (NPOMS-2) : Application of Regional Ocean Observations for Increasing Society’s Understanding and Forecasting of Typhoons
Satellite Feature Identification: Conveyor Belts
Conveyor belts highlight important atmospheric processes that can be advantageous for making forecasts. They can be used for identifying general temperature patterns, defining the extent of cloud cover, predicting moisture return, evaluating stability, forecasting wind gusts, pinpointing cyclogenesis, and understanding the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere. For short-term forecasts, they can even augment NWP showing the three-dimensional structure and portraying the same information as equivalent or wet-bulb potential temperature and potential vorticity surfaces. Conveyor belts mak ...
Tropical Cyclone Intensity Analysis
This lesson provides guidance for operational forecasters needing to combine different intensity methods to determine the intensity of a tropical cyclone. Each of the intensity methods is summarized, focusing on both strengths and weaknesses. These methods include the Dvorak technique, surface observations, scatterometry, the Advanced Dvorak Technique (ADT), microwave sounders (AMSU), SATCON, and subjective interpretation of passive microwave patterns. Consideration of the previous intensity estimate and forecast is also examined. Three case studies task the learner with combining the various ...
EUMeTrain's Synoptic Textbook
This 190-page text, which is based on a series of university lectures, provides comprehensive information on synoptic meteorology. There's a general introduction to synoptics followed by chapters on tropospheric circulation, air masses, boundary layer and weather, wind fields, jet streams, vertical motions, high and low pressure, convective systems, numerical parameters in vertical cross sections, mid-latitude cyclones, the tropopause, and fronts. A number of the examples in the textbook are from Northern Europe. This resource is made available courtesy of EUMeTrain and is not produced, owned ...
Introduction to Electromagnetic and Electro-Optic Propagation
This lesson describes the properties of electromagnetic and electro-optical radiation and how their propagation is affected by the atmosphere and weather. Atmospheric variables that affect EM propagation include temperature, moisture, pressure, and composition. These variables control processes including refraction, absorption, and scattering.
Basics of Visible and Infrared Remote Sensing
This lesson presents the scientific and technical basis for using visible and infrared satellite imagery so forecasters can make optimal use of it for observing and forecasting the behaviour of the atmosphere. The concepts and capabilities presented are common to most international geostationary (GEO) and low-Earth orbiting (LEO) meteorological satellites since their inception, and continue to apply to both current and newer satellite constellations. The lesson reviews remote sensing and radiative transfer theory through a series of conceptual models. Discussions contain explanations of the di ...
Climate Variability and Change Lectures, July 2013
This lesson presents 13 recorded presentations from the 29 July–2 August, 2013 offering of the Climate Variability and Change Virtual Course (CVCVC). This five-day live facilitated online course provided an extensive background on a range of climate variability and change topics with an emphasis on developing communication skills for challenging climate topics. The topics covered in this course, while aimed primarily at NOAA operational climate services delivery staff will also be helpful for others who already possess a basic level of understanding of climate science. Presentations include: W ...
VLab's Conceptual Models for Southern Hemisphere
Conceptual Models for Southern Hemisphere is a joint project between four southern hemispheric regions: Argentina, Australia, Brazil and South Africa. The purpose of the project is to improve warnings and awareness of weather risks through the better understanding of weather through conceptual models. The objectives of the project are to produce and make available resources about Conceptual Models. These resources are available for other training institutions within the regions as well. The number of southern hemispheric conceptual models in this catalogue will increase stepwise in the near fu ...
EUMeTrain's Manual of Synoptic Satellite Meteorology
The Manual of Synoptic Satellite Meteorology, or SatManu, provides detailed descriptions of approximately fifty atmospheric conceptual models at different scales from a satellite point of view. Each conceptual model has associated exercises and many have case studies that show how the models can be applied. Most of the case studies were developed for specific training courses in Europe. SatManu also has case studies of catastrophic weather events which are presented from the perspective of the conceptual models. In addition, an introductory chapter describes the different satellite channels. T ...
Ensemble Applications in Winter
This lesson provides an introduction to ensemble forecast systems using an operational case study of the Blizzard of 2013 in Southern Ontario. The module uses models available to forecasters in the Meteorological Service of Canada, including Canadian and U.S. global and regional ensembles. After briefly discussing the rationale for ensemble forecasting, the module presents small lessons on probabilistic ensemble products useful in winter weather forecasting, immediately followed by forecast applications to a southern Ontario case. The learner makes forecasts for the Ontario Storm Prediction Ce ...
Introduction to Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
Introduction to Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) provides national meteorological services worldwide, airlines, and aviation organizations with information about the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) aircraft-based observing system. The audience includes meteorological service managers and providers, observational development groups, the aviation industry, and others interested in benefiting from an aircraft-based observing system in their region. The content includes interviews with several experts to provide examples of AMDAR use for both meteorological and aviation applicati ...
GOES-R GLM: Introduction to the Geostationary Lightning Mapper
This extension of the COMET module “GOES-R: Benefits of Next Generation Environmental Monitoring” focuses on the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) instrument, the satellite's lightning mapper. The GLM will provide continuous lightning measurements over a large portion of the Western Hemisphere, mapping total lightning (intra-cloud and cloud–to–ground) flash rates and trends. GLM observations will improve local forecasts and warnings of severe weather and air quality, and provide new data for numerical weather prediction and studies of regional climate and climate change. The first part of t ...
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition: Chapter 7: Synoptic and Mesoscale Systems
In this chapter, we examine the wide-variety of synoptic and mesoscale weather systems that affect the tropics, including, tropical easterly waves, upper tropospheric troughs, monsoon depressions, subtropical cyclones, westerly wind bursts, and cold fronts. Extratropical interactions, such as those caused by Rossby wave trains and the MJO, are examined. The chapter presents a review of thunderstorms and lightning. The structure, formation mechanisms, and impacts of mesoscale convective systems are examined. The distribution of lightning globally and within mesoscale systems is examined. Mesosc ...
Weather Observing Fundamentals
"Weather Observing Fundamentals" provides guidance for U.S. Navy Aerographer's Mates, Quartermasters, and civilian observers tasked with taking and reporting routine, special, and synoptic observations. Although the focus of this lesson is on shipboard observations, much of the content applies to land-based observing and reporting as well. The lesson details standard procedures for taking accurate weather observations and for encoding those observations on COMNAVMETOCCOM Report 3141/3. Exercises throughout the lesson and four weather identification drills at the end provide learners with oppor ...
How Satellite Observations Impact NWP
Satellite observations have a huge impact on numerical weather prediction (NWP) model analyses and forecasts, with sounding data from polar orbiting and GPS-radio occultation satellites reducing model forecast error by almost half. All of this despite the fact that NWP models only assimilate 5% of all satellite observations! This lesson discusses the use of satellite observations in NWP and how model limitations prevent more of the data from being assimilated. The lesson begins by briefly describing the history of satellite observations in NWP and their impact on NWP model forecast skill. The ...
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