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Global Action on Climate Change in Agriculture: Linkages to Food Security, Markets and Trade Policies in Developing Countries
The objective of this report is to catalyse thinking about the ways in which agriculture – which has a vital role in global food security, development and natural resources use – can and must be fully integrated into national strategies and a consensus-based multilateral framework to address the challenges of climate change. The report brings forth questions that will occupy the world community over the next decade or more regarding the role of agriculture in climate change adaptation and mitigation. The report offers some answers and concrete proposals – while recognizing that much more needs ...
Rethinking climate change as a security threat
Once upon a time climate change was a strictly environment and development issue. Today it has become a matter of national and international security. Efforts to link climate change with violent conflict may not be based on solid evidence, but they have certainly captured the attention of governments. They have played a vital role in raising the much needed awareness of climate change as an issue that deserves global action. But at what cost? Focusing on climate change as a security threat alone risks devolving humanitarian responsibilities to the military, ignoring key challenges and losing s ...
Achieving food security in the face of climate change: final report from the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change
The Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change has reviewed the scientific evidence to identify a pathway to achieving food security in the context of climate change. Food systems must shift to better meet human needs and, in the long term, balance with planetary resources. This will demand major interventions, at local to global scales, to transform current patterns of food production, distribution and consumption. Investment, innovation, and deliberate effort to empower the world's most vulnerable populations will be required to construct a global food system that adapts to cli ...
Children and disasters: building resilience through education
UN/ISDR, 2011This publication focuses on the importance of education in disaster prevention and makes recommendations on how to support and build on local and national initiatives to reduce the risk of disasters through education. It provides a brief overview of major hazards and disaster risks in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. It presents a snapshot of national disaster risk reduction structures and key legislations. It also briefly outlines disaster risk reduction activities related to education undertaken by national agencies and activities by UNISDR and UNICEF.
Contributions by the World Meteorological Organization to the Millenium Development Goals
For developing countries, particularly LDCs (Least Developed Countries), this publication provides guidelines on enhancing the contribution of WMO and NMHSs (National Meteorological and Hydrological Services) to the achievement of the MDGs (Millenium Development Goals). Benefiting from the GFCS (Global Framework for Climate Services), NMHSs should be encouraged to use these guidelines, among others, to mainstream their activities, including generation and effective delivery of relevant weather-, climate- and water-related information and services into national sustainable development strategie ...
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Weather Index Insurance for drought risk in Thailand
UNFCCC, 2011Since 2007 Sompo Japan has been carrying out research on risk finance methods to respond to climate change together with organizations including Japan Bank for International Cooperation. As a result, Sompo Japan began offering Weather Index Insurance in Khon Kaen Province in northeast Thailand in January 2010. This product, which is one method of adaptation to climate change, aims to reduce damage caused by droughts for rice farmers who rely heavily on rainfall, by linking compensation to precipitation.
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The Social Dimensions of Climate Change - Discussion draft
ILO, 2011This discussion paper was prepared under the auspices of the United Nations Task Team on Social Dimensions of Climate Change, which is currently composed of 20 Agencies, including the International Labour Organization. The paper addresses the social dimensions of climate change from a sustainable, equitable development perspective. It aims to broaden and deepen policy-makers’ understanding of the benefits of addressing and incorporating the social dimensions of climate change into climate policies. In doing so, the paper identifies a number of knowledge gaps within the social, human and natura ...
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Towards an ILO approach to climate change adaptation
ILO, 2011This working paper is the joint effort of the Employment Intensive Investment Programme and the Green Jobs Programme. It explores the implications of climate change, its impacts on the world of work and the need for the work of the International Labour Office to adapt to it. It takes stock of the on-going work and identifies the needs for further development.
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Food security and climate change in the Pacific : rethinking the options
The Pacific island governments view climate change as a priority issue, especially in terms of its potential impacts on food security, but need clear directions in addressing both issues. Their agricultural production until the mid-1990s, has been stagnant for the last 45 years, and per capita agricultural production has declined in all countries. This report examines the issues of food security and climate change in the Pacific and the contributing factors based on the Pacific food security framework. It suggests focal areas of assistance for the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other donors ...
Achieving food security in the face of climate change: summary for policy makers from the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change
The Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change has reviewed the scientific evidence to identify a pathway to achieving food security in the context of climate change. Food systems must shift to better meet human needs and, in the long term, balance with planetary resources. This will demand major interventions, at local to global scales, to transform current patterns of food production, distribution and consumption. Investment, innovation, and deliberate effort to empower the world's most vulnerable populations will be required to construct a global food system that adapts to cli ...
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Children and Climate Change: Children’s Vulnerability to Climate Change and Disaster Impacts in East Asia and the Pacific
UNICEF, 2011
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Synthesis report on the process and the modalities and guidelines for national adaptation plans
UNFCCC, 2011This report synthesizes the views submitted by Parties and relevant organizations on national adaptation plans. It reports on the process to enable least developed country Parties to formulate and implement national adaptation plans, building upon their experience in preparing and implementing national adaptation programmes of action, and on the modalities and guidelines for the least developed country Parties and other developing country Parties to employ the modalities formulated to support national adaptation plans. This report synthesizes a number of different themes and issues that ...
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Indigenous Peoples, Marginalized Populations and Climate Change : vulnerability, Adaptation and Traditional Knowledge
, 2011The aim of the workshops was to identify, compile and analyze relevant indigenous and local observations, knowledge and practices related to understanding climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigation. The workshops will provide a key opportunity to ensure that experience, sources of information and knowledge (scientific, indigenous and local), along with data and literature (scientific and grey), focusing on vulnerable and marginalized regions of the world are made available to the authors of the IPCC 5th Assessment Report and the global community.
The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2011 : how does international price volatility affect domestic economies and food security?
FAO, 2011This year’s report focuses on the costs of food price volatility, as well as the dangers and opportunities presented by high food prices. Climate change and an increased frequency of weather shocks, increased linkages between energy and agricultural markets due to growing demand for biofuels, and increased financialization of food and agricultural commodities all suggest that price volatility is here to stay. The report describes the effects of price volatility on food security and presents policy options to reduce volatility in a cost-effective manner and to manage it when it cannot be avoide ...
Building Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in less Developed Countries
Around the world, the devastation of climate--‐related impacts has undermined livelihoods, threatened ecosystems, and stretched the capacity of sociopolitical institutions. Droughts, storms, and floods have often caused serious agricultural losses and human suffering: images of famines in Africa, human displacement in the Caribbean, and water--‐covered settlements in Bangladesh illustrate just some of the disastrous impacts of climate on vulnerable populations. In recent years, the possibility of more frequent and extreme events as a result of climate change has fueled new avenues of inquiry t ...
Climate change, water and food security
FAO, 2011The impacts of climate change on the global hydrological cycle are expected to vary the patterns of demand and supply of water for agriculture – the dominant user of freshwater. The extent and productivity of both irrigated and rainfed agriculture can be expected to change. As a result, the livelihoods of rural communities and the food security of a predominantly urban population are at risk from water-related impacts linked primarily to climate variability. The rural poor, who are the most vulnerable, are likely to be disproportionately affected. Adaptation measures that build upon improved l ...
Climate Change Starter’s Guidebook : an issues guide for education planners and practitionners
UNESCO, 2011Aimed towards education planners and practitioners, the Guidebook is intended to provide support in developing the understanding of the science of climate change, observed and anticipated impacts, and possible responses. The Guidebook also covers the impacts on society, including poverty, health, migration, gender and ethics. It includes a section on responding to climate change, focusing on mitigation and adaptation, as well as international responses. The Guidebook continues by discussing education for climate change, touching on education for adaptation, mitigation, sustainable development ...
Safeguarding food security in volatile global markets
FAO, 2011This volume brings together top analysts from inside and outside FAO to examine a problem that has become increasingly relevant as food prices once again, soar to high levels. This volume stresses that countries themselves can do a great deal to safeguard food security in the event of turmoil by establishing social safety nets, emergency food reserves and other schemes to protect the poor. The book also presents guidelines on “smart subsidies”, those which provide production incentives and improve supply responses
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Building Resilience, the future for rural livelihoods in the face of climate change : (Cambodia Human Development Report 2011)
UNDP, 2011The Cambodia Human Development Report is about people’s well-being. This is an in-depth, national policy analysis document. This report will inform Cambodia’s responses to the development challenges of climate change at all levels, changing people’s perceptions of what this will mean for their futures.
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CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship working paper series, 7. Current and potential applications of typologies in vulnerability assessments and adaptation science
Typologies are a systematic grouping of entities or units of interest based on similarity. Typologies are widely applied in a variety of domains of research and practice including natural resource management, agriculture, health, marketing and development. They are used mainly to reduce complexity in the domain of concern to improve understanding and communication, detect patterns, aid decisions, prioritise and allocate resources, and tailor a variety of activities, strategies and processes. In this paper, we assess the current use of typologies within the realm of climate vulnerability assess ...
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Water for Food Innovative water management technologies for food security and poverty alleviation
UNCTAD, 2011This series of publications seeks to contribute to exploring current issues in science, technology and innovation,
with particular emphasis on their impact on developing countries
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Distributional implications of climate change in India
Global warming is expected to heavily impact agriculture, the dominant source of livelihood for the world's poor. Yet, little is known about the distributional implications of climate change at the sub-national level. Using a simple comparative statics framework, this paper analyzes how changes in the prices of land, labor, and food induced by modest temperature increases over the next three decades will affect household-level welfare in India. The authors predict a substantial fall in agricultural productivity, even allowing for farmer adaptation. Yet, this decline will not translate into a s ...
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The poverty impacts of climate change : a review of the evidence
Climate change is believed to represent a serious challenge to poverty reduction efforts around the globe. This paper conducts an up-to-date review of three main strands of the literature analyzing the poverty impacts of climate change : (i) economy-wide growth models incorporating climate change impacts to work out consistent scenarios for how climate change might affect the path of poverty over the next decades; (ii) studies focusing on the poverty impacts of climate change in the agricultural sector; and (iii) studies exploring how past climate variability impacts poverty. The analysis find ...
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Food insecurity and public agricultural spending in Bolivia: Putting money where your mouth is?
This paper explores the reduction of food insecurity in Bolivia, adopting a supply side approach that analyzes the role of agricultural spending on vulnerability. Vulnerability to food insecurity is captured by a municipal level composite—developed locally within the framework of World Food Program food security analysis—that combines welfare outcomes, weather conditions and agricultural potential for all 327 municipalities in 2003, 2006 and 2007. Our econometric results indicate that levels of public agricultural spending are positively associated with high or very high vulnerability. The aut ...
State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011 : Women in Agriculture Closing the gender gap for development
FAO, 2011The report notes that women make significant contributions to the rural economy in all developing country regions.
Tourism and Poverty Reduction Strategies in the Integrated Framework for LDCs : UNDP Discussion Paper
UNDP, 2011This study analyzes LDCs’ tourism development aspirations as provided in the Diagnostic Trade Integration Studies (DTIS) that were carried out under the Integrated Framework.
Democratic People's Republic of Korea - WFP/FAO/UNICEF Rapid Food Security Assessment : special report
WFP, 2011In response to a request from the Government of DPRK for food assistance, WFP, FAO, and UNICEF organized a Rapid Food Security Assessment Mission (RFSA). The assessment commenced in early February with WFP Country Office staff assessing the situation in several counties where WFP operates. Between 14 and 21 February WFP staff assessed five counties where WFP does not currently have operations. From 21 February through 11 March, an interagency UN mission made of WFP, FAO and UNICEF staff visited DPRK to: forecast the 2011 production of winter and spring crops; update the assessment of the cerea ...
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Making Integrated Food-Energy Systems (IFES) Work for People and Climate - An Overview
The study draws on specific examples from Africa, Asia and Latin America as well as from some developed countries to show how constraints to successfully integrating production of food and energy crops can be overcome.
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The Future of Food and Farming : challenges and choices for global sustainability
The Foresight project Global Food and Farming Futures final report and executive summary provide an overview of the evidence and discuss the challenges and choices for policy makers and others whose interests relate to all aspects of the global food system.
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Population: one planet, too many people?
Energy, food, water, urbanisation and finance are areas significantly affected by the effects of population growth. How can the engineering profession respond to key challenges in order to ensure the provision of food, water, shelter and energy in the context of an increasing population?
Global Risks 2011 Sixth Edition : an initiative of the Risk Response Network
World Economic Forum, 2011There are three “clusters” of risks that will create significant liabilities during the coming decade, according to the report, which was compiled after a survey of about 580 respondents and will form a starting point for risk-based discussions at the upcoming WEF meeting of global business and political leaders at Davos and Klosters, Switzerland, later this month.
Those clusters are macroeconomic risks, including unfunded social liabilities and weak financial markets; the illegal economy, including organized crime and corruption; and limits to growth caused by lack of resources ...
Contributions de l'Organisation météorologique mondiale aux objectifs du millénaire pour le développement
Pour les pays en développement, en particulier les PMA (Pays les moins avancés), cette publication fournit des lignes directrices visant à renforcer la contribution de l'OMM et des SMHN (Services météorologiques et hydrologiques nationaux) à la réalisation des OMD (Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement). Bénéficiant du CMSC (Cadre mondial pour les services climatologiques), les SMHN devraient être encouragés à se fonder sur ces lignes directrices pour notamment inscrire leurs activités, y compris la production et la fourniture effective d'informations et de services météorologiques, ...
Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio - Informe de 2011
Naciones Unidas, 2011Desde que fueron aprobados, los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) han promovido la concienciación y han generado una visión más amplia, que sigue siendo el marco de referencia global de las actividades de desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas.
El presente informe se basa en una serie de datos originales reunidos por el Grupo Interinstitucional y de Expertos sobre los indicadores de los ODM, bajo la coordinación del Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales de la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas, en respuesta a la petición de la Asamblea General de que se realicen evalu ...
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Sécurité des moyens d’existence : changements climatiques, migrations et conflits au Sahel
PNUE, 2011Cette étude commune à paraître a deux objectifs : premièrement d’analyser l’évolution historique du climat dans le Sahel, d’identifier les régions où des problèmes se posent avec une acuité particulière (nommées « points chauds ») et de déterminer les implications potentielles des variations climatiques observées sur les moyens d’existence dépendants des ressources naturelles ; deuxièmement de fournir des recommandations destinées à améliorer la sensibilité des plans d’adaptations et d’investissement de la région aux problématiques de conflit et de migration.
El Estado de la Inseguridad Alimentaria en el Mundo 2011 : ¿cómo afecta la volatilidad de los precios internacionales a las economías nacionales y la seguridad alimentaria?
FAO, 2011El informe del año en curso se centra en los costos de la volatilidad de los precios de los alimentos, así como en los riesgos y oportunidades que plantean los elevados precios de los alimentos. El cambio climático y la mayor frecuencia de las perturbaciones meteorológicas, el aumento de los vínculos entre los mercados energéticos y agrícolas debido a la creciente demanda de biocombustibles y el aumento de la “financierización” de los productos alimenticios y agrícolas básicos apuntan a que la volatilidad de los precios será una realidad perdurable. En este informe se describen los efectos de ...
El estado mundial de la agricultura y la alimentación 2010 - 2011 : las mujeres en la agricultura cerrar la brecha de género en aras del desarrollo
FAO, 2011La presente edición de El estado mundial de la agricultura y la alimentación aborda el tema de Las mujeres en la agricultura: cerrar la brecha de género en aras del desarrollo. El sector agrícola tiene un bajo rendimiento en muchos países en desarrollo y una de las principales razones es que las mujeres no tienen igualdad de acceso a los recursos y oportunidades que necesitan para ser más productivas. El presente informe confirma claramente que los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio sobre la igualdad de género (ODM 3) y la pobreza y la seguridad alimentaria (ODM 1) se refuerzan mutuamente.
يعرض تقرير حالة انعدام الأمن الغذائي 2011 : كيف يؤثر تقلب الأسعار على الصعيد الدولي على الاقتصاديات المحلية والأمن الغذائي؟
FAO, 2011ويركز تقرير هذا العام على تكاليف تقلب أسعار الأغذية والأخطار والفرص الناجمة عن ارتفاع أسعار الأغذية. فالتغيُّرات المناخية وازدياد تواتر صدمات الأحوال الجوية، وازدياد الصلات بين أسواق الطاقة والأسواق الزراعية نتيجة لازدياد الطلب على الوقود الحيوي، وازدياد التوظيف المالي للسلع الغذائية والزراعية توحي كلها بأن تقلب الأسعار سيظل مستمراً. ويبين التقرير آثار تقلب الأسعار على الأمن الغذائي، ويعرض خيارات السياسات التي يمكن بها الحد من التقلبات على نحو يتسم بفعالية التكلفة، والتكيُّف معها عندما يتعذر تلافيها.
世界粮食不安全状况 2011 : 国际粮价波动如何影响各国经济及粮食安全？
FAO, 2011今年这份报告注重粮价波动的代价以及高粮价所带来的危险与机遇。气候变化及天气冲击的频率增加，由于对生物燃料的需求增加而促使能源与农业市场之间联系增强，粮食和农业商品的金融化程度增加，所有这些都表明价格波动会普遍化。本报告说明了价格波动对粮食安全的影响，提出了以经济有效方式减少价格波动、当无法避免时予以控制的政策方案。
粮食及 农业状况 2010-2011年 : 农业中的女性 填性别鸿沟 促农业发展
FAO, 2011今年的《粮食及农业状况》涉及“农 业中的女性：填性别鸿沟 促农业发展”。 在很多发展中国家，农业领域发展不足， 其中一个主要原因便是女性没有平等地 获得提高生产力所需的资源和机会。本 报告明确说明，针对两性平等的千年发 展目标（目标3）与针对扶贫和针对粮食 安全的千年发展目标（目标1）之间是相 辅相成的。我们必须促进农业中的两性 平等并赋予妇女权力，以不断获得反饥 饿抗极端贫困之战的胜利。我坚信，实 现千年发展目标3 会有助于实现千年发 展目标1。
Lograr la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático : resumen para responsables de la política de la Comisión sobre la Agricultura Sostenible y el Cambio Climático
CCAFS, 2011Dans le système alimentaire mondialement interconnecté qui est le nôtre, le statu quo ne nous apportera ni sécurité alimentaire ni durabilité environnementale. Entre le changement climatique, la croissance démographique et l'insoutenabilité de notre consommation des ressources, plusieurs menaces convergentes imposent de plus en plus et de façon constante à l'humanité et aux gouvernements mondiaux un changement des modes de production, de distribution et de consommation de la nourriture.
Atteindre la sécurité alimentaire dans le contexte du changement climatique : résumé de la Commission sur l'Agriculture Durable et le Changement Climatique à l'attention des décideurs politiques
CCAFS, 2011Dans le système alimentaire mondialement interconnecté qui est le nôtre, le statu quo ne nous apportera ni sécurité alimentaire ni durabilité environnementale. Entre le changement climatique, la croissance démographique et l'insoutenabilité de notre consommation des ressources, plusieurs menaces convergentes imposent de plus en plus et de façon constante à l'humanité et aux gouvernements mondiaux un changement des modes de production, de distribution et de consommation de la nourriture.
L'état de l’insécurité alimentaire dans le monde 2011 : comment la volatilité des cours internationaux porte-t-elle atteinte à l’économie et à la sécurité alimentaire des pays?
FAO, 2011Le rapport de cette année porte sur les coûts de la volatilité des prix des denrées alimentaires ainsi que sur les dangers et les avantages des hauts niveaux de prix. Le changement climatique et la multiplication des chocs météorologiques, le renforcement des liens entre les marchés de l'énergie et les marchés agricoles lié à la demande croissante en biocarburants, et enfin, la financiarisation progressive des produits alimentaires et agricoles, sont autant de réalités qui laissent penser que la volatilité des prix n’est pas près de disparaître. Le rapport décrit les répercussions de la volati ...
Положение дел в связи с отсутствием продовольственной безопасности в мире 2011 : Как колеблемость мировых цен влияет на экономику стран и продовольственную безопасность?
FAO, 2011Изменение климата и учащение погодных катаклизмов, усиление связи между энергетическими и сельскохозяйственных рынками из-за растущего спроса на биотопливо и увеличение финансиализации продуктов питания и сельскохозяйственной продукции, - все это означает, что волатильность цен возросла надолго. В докладе проанализированы последствия колеблемости цен с точки зрения продовольственной безопасности и представлены возможные меры политики, призванные уменьшить волатильность экономически эффективным образом и регулировать ее, когда она не может быть предотвращена.
UNESCO 2010
UNESCO, 2011
UNESCO 2010
UNESCO, 2011
La situation mondiale de l’alimentation et de l’agriculture 2010-2011 : Le rôle des femmes en agriculture, combler le fossé entre les hommes et les femmes pour soutenir le développement
FAO, 2011La présente édition de La situation mondiale de l’alimentation et de l’agriculture est consacrée au rôle de la femme dans l’agriculture et aux mesures à prendre pour combler le fossé hommes-femmes en vue de soutenir le développement. Dans de nombreux pays en développement, le secteur agricole n’est pas vraiment performant, en partie parce que les femmes n’ont pas accès aux mêmes ressources et opportunités que les hommes pour accroître leur production. La présente publication confirme, sans l’ombre d’un doute, que les objectifs du Millénaire sur l’égalité des sexes (OMD 3) et la pauvreté et la ...
حالة الأغذية والزراعة 2010-2011 : المرأة في قطاع الزراعة سد الفجوة بين الجنسين من أجل التنمية
FAO, 2011
Положение дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства 2010-2011 : женщины в сельском хозяйстве устранение гендерного разрыва в интересах развития
FAO, 2011Этот выпуск доклада «Положение дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства» посвящен теме «Женщины в сельском хозяйстве: устранение гендерного разрыва в интересах развития». Сектор сельского хозяйства во многих развивающихся странах показывает низкие результаты, и одна из главных причин этого – то, что женщины не имеют равного доступа к ресурсам и возможностям, необходимым им для повышения производительности труда. В докладе убедительно подтверждается, что цели развития тысячелетия по гендерному равенству (ЦРТ-3) и продовольственной безопасности (ЦРТ-1) дополняют друг друга.
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Preliminary Study of Sensitive Areas for Several Tropical Cyclone Track Prediction Cases in 2007
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 6. Tan Xiao-Wei; Wang Dong-Liang - Science Press, 2010Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) obtained by the ensemble-based calculation method is employed to find possible sensitive areas for improving 48-h or more than 48-h tropical cyclone (TC) track predictions in several cases affecting China in 2007. These sensitive areas are examined by observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). Results show that these sensitive areas improve TC track predictions for 48 h or more to different extents. Further analysis is performed to determine the distribution characteristics of sensitive areas in these cases. Results show that areas south ...
1/2010 - Changement climatique et commerce
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