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ASMET: Satellite Precipitation Products for Hydrological Management in Southern Africa
This module introduces a variety of meteorological and hydrological products that can improve the quality of heavy rainfall forecasts and assist with hydrological management during extensive precipitation events in Southern Africa. Among the products are the satellite-based ASCAT, SMOS, and ASAR GM soil moisture products and the hydro-estimator. The products are presented within the context of a case, the flooding of South Africa's Vaal Dam region in 2009/2010.
Snowmelt Processes: International Edition
Snowmelt is an integral component of the hydrologic forecasting process in many parts of the world. Here, we examine the influences of environmental conditions on snowfall distribution, snowpack structure, snowpack-environment energy exchange, and finally, the rate and amount of snowmelt itself. The fate of snowmelt water after it reaches the ground is also explored.
Flood Forecasting Case Study: International Edition
This module allows users to explore the flood forecasting process by assuming the role of a visiting hydrologist intern at the National Hydrologic Service in Main Country. Fictional senior hydrologists guide the intern through an idealized flooding event that takes place over Main Country's Mainstem river basin and its tributary basins, each with varying landscapes and observation systems. Users will examine how these variations impact the quality and type of forecast that can be achieved. Users will also learn about common problems encountered in flood forecasting, and how to adjust forecasts ...
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59 - February 2010 - 気象研究所共用海洋モデル(MRI.COM)第３版解説 = Reference Manual For The Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model(Mri.Com) Version 3
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Tsujino Hiroyuki; Motoi Tatsuo; Ishikawa Ichiro - Meteorological Research Institute, 2010This technical report is a manual of the Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model (MRI.COM). MRI.COM is an ocean general circulation model developed and maintained at the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). As the name suggests, it has been used for studying large scale oceanic phenomena and as the oceanic part of the coupled climate models developed at MRI
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Issues in the protection of small river valleys: the example of the Kulawa River valley (northwest Poland)
Oceanological and hydrobiological studies, Vol.XXXIX No.3. Institute of Oceanography, 2010This paper presents the results of research relating to the vegetation of the Kulawa River valley and its flow lakes - Głuche Duże, Głuche Małe, and Sieczonek. Transformations observed in the flora examined were the result of two overlapping factors: 1. anthropogenic factors - among others, a high phosphorus content in the waters of the river and in nutrients accumulating in the lakes; 2. natural factors, such as a reduced level of subsoil waters. In the protection of river valleys, it is important to diagnose all threats. The diagnosis should be based not only on an evaluation of water qualit ...
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The variability in concentrations of chosen nitrogen and phosphorus forms in the Oder River estuary in 1999-2002
Oceanological and hydrobiological studies, Vol.XXXIX No.3. Nędzarek Arkadiusz; Tórz Agnieszka - Institute of Oceanography, 2010The Oder River creates one of the largest estuaries in Poland. The estuary can be divided into three zones, each with a different hydrochemical regime: the Pomeranian Bay (salt water habitat), the Szczecin Lagoon (brackish water habitat), the Oder River up to the Widuchowa section (transitional environment – brackish and typical freshwater). The Pomeranian Bay was characterized by the lowest concentration of nutrients throughout the research series in comparison to the other regions. It had a low nitrogen to phosphorus proportion and the highest stability of variability in total nitrogen conce ...
Manual on Stream Gauging, Vol. I: Fieldwork
The Manual on Stream Gauging (WMO No. 519) was first released in 1980. Since then, however, there have been significant advances both in the approach and the methodologies employed.
Consequently, at its twelfth session (Geneva, October 2004), the WMO Commission for Hydrology (CHy) decided to meet the identified needs of the National Hydrological Services by revising the Manual to include the newer technologies that have been introduced over the period and are currently employed in this crucial field.
In this context, Volume I of the Manual on Stream Gauging encompasses the topics ...
Streamflow Routing: International Edition
Streamflow routing provides a set of methods for describing and predicting the movement of water from one point to another along a river. Typically, this process involves predicting the shape of a hydrograph downstream from a particular location in a channel, reservoir, or lake. This first requires an understanding of the basic flow regimes and how water is stored and released within a channel. From there, information and calculations based on flow and channel bed characteristics are implemented in hydrologic routing methods, which are storage-based, and hydraulic routing methods, which utiliz ...
Unit Hydrograph Theory: International Edition
The role of unit hydrograph theory in the flood prediction process is to provide an estimate of streamflow that results from a given amount precipitation. A unit hydrograph shows the temporal change in flow, or discharge, per excess unit of precipitation runoff. This module offers a thorough introduction to the use of unit hydrographs and the application of unit hydrograph theory in flood prediction. Key terminology and assumptions, the process of creating a unit hydrograph and application of unit hydrograph theory to forecast situations are all explored through comprehensive animations and in ...
Flood Frequency Analysis: International Edition
Flood frequency analysis uses historical flow records to both estimate the frequency with which floods of a certain magnitude may occur and predict the possible flood magnitude over a certain time period. This module offers a thorough introduction to appropriately constructing the necessary historical data series, calculating the flooding probabilities, and gauging the reliability of the resulting probability values. Methods for assessing flood frequency in basins with limited data are also discussed.
Distributed Hydrologic Models for Flow Forecasts - Part 2
Distributed Hydrologic Models for Flow Forecasts Part 2 is the second release in a two-part series focused on the science of distributed models and their applicability to different flow forecasting situations. Presented by Dr. Dennis Johnson, the module provides a more detailed look at the processes and mechanisms involved in distributed hydrologic models. It examines the rainfall/runoff component, snowmelt, overland flow routing, and channel response in a basin as represented in a distributed model. Calibration issues and situations in which distributed hydrologic models might be most appropr ...
River Ice Processes - Short Version
This module provides information on flooding associated with river ice jams. Based on a presentation by Dr. Kate White, a nationally-recognized expert on river ice, this webcast explores basic river ice processes including the formation, growth, breakup, and transport of river ice and how it can become jammed, triggering floods. This shorter version of the previously published module "River Ice Processes", has less focus on the US National Weather Service, making it more broadly applicable, including to an international audience.
Understanding the Hydrologic Cycle: International Edition
This module helps students gain a basic understanding of the elements of the hydrologic cycle. The hydrologic cycle is the continuous movement and phase change of liquid water, ice, and water vapor above, on, under and through the earth's surface. This module examines the basic concepts of the hydrologic cycle including water distribution, atmospheric water, surface water, groundwater, and snowpack/snowmelt.
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気象研究所技術報告 = Technical Reports of the Meteorological Research Institute 
