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Tsunami Strike! Pacific Edition
Tsunami Strike! Pacific Edition is a scenario-based learning experience for kids from middle school through high school (approximate ages 13-17). The scenario tells the story of four main characters at different locations in the Pacific basin who are each impacted by a major tsunami that originates in Alaska’s Aleutian Islands. Over the course of the story, learners not only view the unfolding events and how each of the characters responds, but also observe how warning scientists analyze and communicate the tsunami threat. Fourteen short lessons provide interactive instruction focused on the s ...
Sea Ice and Products and Services of the National Ice Center
This two-hour module examines sea ice, icebergs, and the products and services of the National Ice Center and the North American Ice Service. Topics include climatology and current trends in sea ice extent and thickness; the development, classification, and drift of sea ice and icebergs; fractures, leads and polynyas; and the satellite detection of sea ice using visible, infrared, and microwave sensors.
Community Tsunami Preparedness, 2nd Edition
This lesson is designed to help emergency managers prepare their communities for tsunamis. Topics include basic tsunami science, hazards produced by tsunamis, the tsunami warning system, the importance of public education activities, and how to craft good emergency messages and develop tsunami response plans. The lesson also contains links to extensive Reference and Resources sections.
Volcanic Ash: Impacts to Aviation, Climate, Maritime Operations, and Society
This module is the third in the four-part Volcanic Ash series. It provides information on the impacts of an explosive volcanic eruption to aviation, climate, maritime operations and society. The threats, or impacts, from an eruption vary depending on the eruption style, duration and proximity--both in distance and altitude--to the volcano. As you learned earlier, an eruption may bring multiple hazards to urban and rural areas through: Lahars (mudflows) and floods Lava-flow inundation Pyroclastic flows and surge Volcanic ash and bomb fallout Volcanic gases In this module, we'll take a closer lo ...
Coastal Climate Change
As climate changes, dynamic coastal regions are experiencing a wide range of impacts. Sea levels, ocean acidification, sea surface temperatures, ocean heat, and ocean circulation have all been changing in ways unseen for thousands of years. Arctic sea ice melted significantly more during summers in the last 30 years, and storms are intensifying. Coastal ecosystems stand to be damaged, and coasts will likely erode from rising sea levels, intensified storm surges, and flooding that climate change may amplify. Coastal communities will need to prepare adaptation strategies to cope, and many who li ...
Volcanic Ash: Introduction
Provides a concise introduction to volcanic ash through the examples of the Mt. Pinatubo and Eyjafjallajökull eruptions. This is the introduction to a four-part series on Volcanic Ash.
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition, Chapter 3: Global Circulation
The chapter begins with a review of the general principles of atmospheric motion including scale analysis of tropical motions. An overview of the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean is presented including stratospheric general circulation. Special emphasis is given to the Hadley circulation including its maintenance, seasonal migration, northern and southern hemispheric differences, and the contrast between tropical and midlatitude wind systems. Tropical circulations are examined in a theoretical framework as responses to heating at the equator. Regional monsoons, their conceptual ...
Ocean Observations Panel for Climate, Interview with Eric Lindstrom: in International Innovation, August 2011
NASA, 2011The more research carried out on our oceans, the more significant its role has proven in the broader climate system. Observing Earth’s Ocean System is therefore a vital component of climate research, and the OOPC is working hard to direct this effectively, as its Chair Dr Eric J Lindstrom explains.
GCOS, 147. Summary Report of the Thirteenth Session of the GTOS/GCOS Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climate (TOPC): final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1573)
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Blue carbon policy framework 2.0 : based on the discussion of the International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group
Development and implementation of blue carbon-based activities now requires strategic policy and incentive mechanisms to achieve coastal conservation, restoration and sustainable use, and provide disincentives to drain or damage coastal systems. A first effort to develop such a strategic program was set out in the first edition of the Blue Carbon Policy Framework. Based on additional information and current progress a revised Blue Carbon Policy Framework 2.0 has now been developed. It updates the previous version and adds a detailed coordinated program of policy objectives and activities. It o ...
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JCOMM Meeting Report, 82. Expert Team on Maritime Safety Services (ETMSS-3) - Third session : final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2011
JCOMM Meeting Report, 84. Ship Observations Team - Sixth session : final report
The Sixth Session of the JCOMM Ship Observations Team (SOT) was held at the auditorium of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research (CMAR), Hobart, Australia, from 11 to 15 April 2011 at the kind invitation of the Government of Australia. The Session was co-sponsored by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) and CSIRO.
As for previous SOT Sessions, a technical and scientific workshop focusing on new initiatives and / or new developments in shipboard meteorological or oceanographic instrumentation, observing ...
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JCOMM Meeting Report, 85. JCOMM Observations coordination group: fourth session : final report
The Fourth Session of the JCOMM Observations Coordination Group (OCG) was held in Hobart, Australia, from 18 to 20 April 2011, at the kind invitation of the Government of Australia. The Session was sponsored by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM). The meeting focused on issues and actions that would help improve the 'systems' aspects of JCOMM, and on collaboration that would appeal and help each individual component. The Group reviewed requirements, refined the implementation goals for the observing networks, and addressed common technical coordination through JCOMMOPS. It noted the nee ...
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JCOMM Meeting Report, 86. Data buoy co-operation panel: twenty-seventh session : final report
The twenty-seventh session of the Data Buoy Co-operation Panel (DBCP-27) was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from 26 to 30 September 2011, at the headquarters of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
A technical and scientific workshop was organized during the first day of the session. 17 presentations were delivered under the themes of operational practices and enhancements, technical development for marine observation systems, applications of collected data, and requirements for climate applications. Approximately 70 participants from 17 countries attended the meetings.
JCOMM Technical Report, 55. WCRP-JCOMM Workshop on Coordinated Global Wave Climate Projections (COWCLIP)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Wang Xiaolan L.; Weisse Ralf; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1518)The Coordinated Ocean Wave Climate Projections (COWCLIP) workshop was held on April 11-13, 2011, at the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in Geneva, Switzerland, with the support of the World Climate Research Programme and the Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology of WMO and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The workshop aimed to bring together international researchers with interest in wind wave climate variability and change, to discuss the potential path forward for a collaborative working group to address challenges in this field ...
Review of Maritime Transport - 2011
UNCTAD, 2011"The 2011 Review of Maritime Transport, published by the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) highlights challenges of adapting maritime transport to the impacts of climate change, primarily sea-level rise, and provides an update on the development of measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from maritime transport."
Source: http://climate-l.iisd.org
A blueprint for ocean and coastal sustainability : an inter-agency paper towards the preparation of the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20)
UNESCO, 2011The Blueprint provides an overview of the threats faced by the oceans, including unsustainable use, deforestation of mangroves, disappearance of coral reefs, ocean acidification and climate change. It further highlights the role of oceans in regulating the climate, contributing to food security and sustaining livelihoods.
WMO Strategic Plan 2012-2015
The WMO Strategic Plan is the result of an organization-wide strategic, operational and budgeting process to provide a blueprint for the 188 Member States and Territories to meet the changing needs of their communities for weather, climate, water and related environmental information.
DBCP Technical Document, 42. sea surface salinity quality control processes for potential use on data buoy observations
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2011This document will aim to provide processes and approaches to real-time and delayed mode quality control of Sea Surface Salinity data, for review by the DBCP community. This document aims to bring together the best practice and suggested approaches to quality controlling salinity data from various programmes and for several different types of observing platforms. Once the DBCP has ascertained which processes apply to drifting and moored buoys, the appropriate tests and procedures can be added to DBCP Technical documents which already exist.
JCOMM Meeting Report, 87. JCOMM Marine Instrumentation Workshop for the Asia Pacific Region - final report
The JCOMM Marine Instrumentation Workshop for the Asia Pacific Region was held in Tianjin, China, from 11 to 13 July 2011 at the kind invitation of the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) and the National Centre of Ocean Standards and Metrology (NCOSM) of China.
The workshop recalled the importance of ocean observations to achieve socio-economical benefits at the global, regional, national, and local (e.g. Tianjin city) levels by addressing the requirements of WMO and IOC Applications, including the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), and working in the multi-disciplinary fram ...
Joint WMO/ IOC for Oceanographic and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM), 48. Project Report - Pilot Project for the Integration of marine meteorological and other appropriate oceanographic observations into the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) : (WIGOS Pilot Project V - JCOMM Pilot Project for WIGOS)
This Project report provides rationale for the development of the Pilot Project, summarizes the activities undertaken under the Pilot Project, especially with regard to its three key deliverables, and provides information on its achievements, and lessons learned. In the context of marine meteorological and oceanographic observations relevant to WMO Programmes and Co-sponsored Programmes, this report explains the benefits of WIGOS integration for National Meteorological and Hydrographic Services (NMHSs), National Oceanographic Data Centres (NODCs, of IOC), and also for ocean data users. It prov ...
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Mitigating Climate Change through Restoration and Management of Coastal Wetlands and Near-shore Marine Ecosystems : Challenges and Opportunities
The technical report, prepared by Stephen Crooks, Dorothee Herr, Jerker Tamelander, Dan Laffoley and Justin Vandever, consolidates information from the literature and provides analysis on the climate change mitigation potential of seagrasses and coastal wetlands, including coastal peats, tidal freshwater wetlands, salt marshes and mangroves (see Annex 2). The numbers in this full technical report have been adjusted since the synthesis note, produced while the study was in progress, was released in Cancun. The calculations of emissions are ballpark, but reasonable, and represent an order of mag ...
National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces
In response to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), the National Research Council appointed a committee operating under the auspices of the Naval Studies Board to study the national security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. In conducting his study, the committee found that even the most moderate current trends in climate, if continued, will present new national security challenges for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. While the timing, degree, and consequences of future climate change impacts remain uncertain, many changes are already underway in regions around ...
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Reefs at Risk Revisited | World Resources Institute
This report provides a detailed assessment of the status of and threats to the world’s coral reefs. It evaluates threats to coral reefs from a wide range of human activities, and includes an assessment of climate-related threats to reefs. It also contains a global assessment of the vulnerability of nations and territories to coral reef degradation.
JCOMM Meeting Report, 83. JCOMM Management Committee - Eighth Session : final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2011
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Canada’s Three Oceans (C3O): a Canadian Contribution to the International Polar Year
The purpose of climate monitoring is to collect relevant,
inter-comparable data over sustained periods of time so as
to allow quantification of change within a system for
decision-making purposes. This is the motivation of the
“Canada’s Three Oceans” (C3O) project, a Canadian
contribution to the International Polar Year (IPY: 2007–
2009). C3O aims to (1) build an integrated, consilient view
of the physical, chemical and biological oceanic structure
of subarctic and arctic waters around Canada; and (2) use
this informati ...
Kinematic and Thermodynamical Structures of Longitudinal-Mode Snow Bands over the Sea of Japan during Cold-Air Outbreaks Part I: Snow Bands in Large Vertical Shear Environment in the Band-Transverse Direction
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 88. No 4. Yamada Yoshinori; Murakami Masataka; Mizuno Hakaru - Meteorological Society of Japan, 2010The kinematic and thermodynamical structures of two longitudinal-mode (termed “L-mode”) snow bands over the Sea of Japan occurring on February 8, 1991 and January 21, 1993 are analyzed mainly based on dual-Doppler radar data. The L-mode snow bands with multicellular structure in 1991 and 1993 formed, respectively, at the early onset of and toward the end of cold-air outbreaks, where the magnitude of the band-transverse vertical shear was roughly 2 × 10-3 s-1 approximately in the lower-half of the mixed layer. This magnitude was larger than that associated with L-mode snow bands characterized b ...
The Structure and Formation Mechanism of Transversal Cloud Bands Associated with the Japan-Sea Polar-Airmass Convergence Zone
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 88. No 4. Eito Hisaki; Murakami Masataka; Muroi Chiashi - Meteorological Society of Japan, 2010During a cold-air outbreak, a broad cloud band is occasionally observed over the Japan-Sea Polar-Airmass Convergence Zone (JPCZ) that forms over the Sea of Japan from the base of the Korean Peninsula to the Japanese Islands. On 14 January 2001, a broad cloud band associated with the JPCZ (JPCZ cloud band) extended in a southeastward direction from the base of the Korean Peninsula to Wakasa Bay, and it stagnated for half a day. The JPCZ cloud band consisted of two cloud regions: one was a long cloud band extending along its southwestern edge (a developed convective cloud band), and the other wa ...
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Polar Vortex Response to Pacific Ocean Warming and Its Additive Nonlinearity with the Indian Ocean
A previous modeling study about Pacific Ocean warming derived polar vortex response signals, by subtracting those in the Indian Ocean warming experiments from those in the Indo-Pacific. This approach questions the resemblance of such an indirectly derived response to one directly forced by Pacific Ocean warming. This is relevant to the additive nonlinearity of atmospheric responses to separated Indian and Pacific Ocean forcing. In the present study, an additional set of ensemble experiments are performed by prescribing isolated SST forcing in the tropical Pacific Ocean to address this issue. T ...
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59 - February 2010 - 気象研究所共用海洋モデル(MRI.COM)第３版解説 = Reference Manual For The Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model(Mri.Com) Version 3
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Tsujino Hiroyuki; Motoi Tatsuo; Ishikawa Ichiro - Meteorological Research Institute, 2010This technical report is a manual of the Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model (MRI.COM). MRI.COM is an ocean general circulation model developed and maintained at the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). As the name suggests, it has been used for studying large scale oceanic phenomena and as the oceanic part of the coupled climate models developed at MRI
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60 - January 2010 - 栄養塩測定用海水組成標準の2008 年国際共同実験報告 = 2008 Inter-laboratory Comparison Study of a Reference Material for Nutrients in Seawater
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Aoyama Michio; Barwell-Clarke Janet; Baurand François; et al. - Meteorological Research Institute, 2010Autoclaved natural seawater collected in the North Pacific Ocean was used as a reference material for nutrients in seawater (RMNS) during an inter-laboratory comparison (I/C) study conducted in 2008. This study was a follow-up to previous studies conducted in 2003 and 2006. A set of six samples was distributed to each of 58 laboratories in 15 countries around the globe, and results were returned by 54 of those laboratories (15 countries). The homogeneities of samples used in the 2008 I/C study, based on analyses for three determinants, were improved compared to those of samples used in the 2 ...
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Regime Behavior in the Sea Surface Temperature-Cloud Radiative Forcing Relationships over the Pacific Cold Tongue Region
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 5. Wu Chun-Qiang; Zhou Tian-Jun; De-Zheng Xiao-Li - Science Press, 2010Previous analyses on the estimates of water vapor and cloud-related feedbacks in the tropics usually use observations over the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) period (1985–89). To examine the sample dependence of previous estimates, the authors extend the analysis to two additional periods: 1990–94 and 1995–99. The results confirm our hypothesis, i.e., the values of the feedbacks depend on the period of data coverage. The differences in the feedbacks from cloud radiative forcings (CRFs) estimated from the three periods are particularly significant. Two possible causes for these differ ...
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Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layers Associated with Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 5. Wang Dong-Xiao; Zhou Wen; Yu Xiao-Li; et al. - Science Press, 2010The variations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) associated with the South China Sea Summer Monsoon were examined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding datasets obtained four times daily during May-June 1998 on board Research Vessels Kexue 1 and Shiyan 3. The MABL height is defined as the height at the lowest level where virtual potential temperature increases by 1 K from the surface. The results indicate that the MABL height decreased over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and remained the same over the southern SCS, as sea surface temperature (SST) fell for the no ...
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Diapycnal Mixing in Transient Responses of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in an Enhanced Freshwater Perturbation Experiment
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Yu Lei; Gao Yong-Qi; Helge Drange; et al. - Science Press, 2010It has been reported recently that the simulated Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) using the coupled Bergen climate model (BCM) showed initial intensity declines followed by gradual recoveries over a 150-year enhanced freshwater input experiment. Stratification-dependent oceanic diapycnal mixing has been hypothesized as a reason for the simulated recovery of the AMOC. This study investigated the role of diapycnal mixing in transient responses of simulated AMOCs. Our results showed that stratification-dependent diapycnal mixing can cause stronger upwelling of deep water in the ...
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An Arctic Sea Ice Simulation Using an Ocean-Ice Coupled Model
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Sun Hong-Chuan; Zhou Guang-Qing - Science Press, 2010This paper evaluates the simulation of Arctic sea ice states using an ocean-ice coupled model that employs LASG/IAP (the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/ the Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate Ocean Model (LICOM) and the sea-ice model from the Bergen Climate Model (BCM). It is shown that the coupled model can reasonably reproduce the major characteristics of the mean state, annual cycle, and inter-annual variability of the Arctic sea ice concentration. The coupled model also shows biases that were generally pre-sented in ...
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Environmental consequences of ocean acidification : a threat to food security
UNEP, 2010Launched by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the report confirms concerns that some organisms, such as corals and shellfish may find it increasingly difficult to form their skeletons in the decades to come making it harder to survive let alone thrive. It also shows that ocean acidification can react together with ocean warming so that animals such as crabs have a reduced range of temperatures they can thrive in.
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DBCP Technical Document, 38. Annual report for 2009
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DBCP Technical Document, 36. Presentations at the DBCP Scientific and Technical Workshop
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010
DBCP Technical Document, 15. Global Drifting Buoy Observations: a DBCP Implementation Strategy
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition, Chapter 8: Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclones are the deadliest tropical weather systems. This chapter describes their seasonal and geographic variability and controls, decadal cycles, and history of naming conventions. Tropical cyclogenesis is explored in depth and the core and balance solutions for regions of the cyclone are examined. Intensity is considered in terms of inner-core dynamics, large-scale environmental controls, limits on potential intensity, satellite interpretation techniques, and classification by wind speed. Factors that influence motion are investigated. Extratropical transition is described in terms ...
Tsunamis
This lesson introduces the science of tsunamis: their causes, initiation process, properties, propagation, inundation, and long-term effects. Through numerous animations, historical images, video, and interactive exercises, learners discover the ways tsunamis interact with and affect the world. The lesson is intended for Weather Forecast Office staff — particularly National Weather Service Warning Coordination Meteorologists — who desire a better understanding of tsunamis in their role as issuers of tsunami warning-related messages. But it will also benefit anyone wanting to learn more about h ...
Tsunami Warning Systems
Tsunami Warning Systems describes the processes involved in anticipating, detecting, and warning for a tsunami by summarizing data collection, modeling, analysis, and alert procedures used at NOAA's Tsunami Warning Centers. A simulated event and past tsunami occurrences are used to highlight warning system processes for determining the tsunami threat based on seismic and sea level data and tsunami forecast models. Message communication and local response are also addressed as final components of any warning system. The module is intended for Weather Forecast Office staff and emergency managers ...
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2nd Edition, Chapter 4: Tropical Variability
This chapter presents an overview of the major cycles dominating intraseasonal and interannual variability in the tropics. Characteristic atmospheric and oceanic patterns for each oscillation are presented and methods for tracking the evolution of these cycles are described. Observations and conceptual models of equatorial waves are presented. Classical solutions for equatorial waves are outlined and the effects of moisture on the expression of these waves are discussed. Since the tropics are not an isolated region of the globe, the impacts of these cycles on higher latitudes are also explored ...
Introduction to Ocean Acoustics
This module explores ocean acoustics, focusing on the propagation and detection of sound in the marine environment. Sound propagation strongly depends on refraction caused by variations in sound speed, and reflection off the seafloor and sea surface. Detection of sound subsequently depends on its propagation path, background noise from human and natural sources, and the sensors used for detection.
Community Hurricane Preparedness, 2nd Edition
The purpose of this course is to provide emergency managers who face threats from tropical cyclones and hurricanes with basic information about: How tropical cyclones form The hazards they pose How the NWS forecasts future hurricane behavior What tools and guiding principles can help emergency managers prepare their communities The course is not intended to take the place of courses sponsored by FEMA, the National Hurricane Center, and/or state agencies. However, it will provide a good background for those who either plan to attend those courses or cannot attend them. The original module was p ...
Introduction to Hydrography
This module describes hydrography pertaining to nautical charting and navigation. It covers how nautical charts are created, who creates them, the products available, and how to find and use them.
Hurricane Strike!™
Designed primarily for middle school students and funded by FEMA and the NWS, this module creates a scenario to frame learning activities that focus on hurricane science and safety. Versions are also available for hearing, motor, and visually impaired students, as well as Spanish-speaking students. Over the course of seven days, Hurricane Erin forms in the Atlantic Ocean, crosses the Florida peninsula, and then makes another landfall at Fort Walton Beach. During these days, the learner is introduced to many basic concepts of atmospheric science, climate, and geography, while also learning some ...
A Forecaster's Overview of the Northwest Pacific
This module provides an introduction to the northwest Pacific for weather forecasters. It touches on major aspects of the geography, oceanography, and climatology. Geography looks at plate tectonics, topography, and human population. Oceanography examines ocean currents, coastal tidal ranges, and sea ice distribution. Climatology briefly discusses jets streams, distribution of synoptic features, storm tracks of tropical and extratropical cyclones, the fronts, and sensible weather associated with the Northeast and Southwest Monsoons.
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JCOMM Technical Report, 52. Eleventh International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting and Second Coastal Hazard Symposium
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1533)
JCOMM Technical Report, 51. Ship Observations Team (SOT) annual report for 2009
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1525)
JCOMM Technical Report, 04. The Voluntary Observing Ships Scheme, a Framework Document
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010Ships of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) scheme have always been an important component of the global observing system of the WMO, providing meteorological and oceanographic data essential to operational meteorology, maritime safety services, and a range of marine climatological applications. More recently, it has become clear that their observations can also be of critical importance to global climate studies.
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Proceedings of the OceanObs'09 Conference - Ocean information for society : sustaining the benefits, realizing the potential
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; European Space Agency (ESA); European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT); et al. - ESA Publications Division, 2010Vol. 1: Plenary papers;
Vol. 2.1: Community white papers;
Vol. 2.2: Community white papers (part 2);
GCOS, 141. Summary Report of the Twelfth Session of the GTOS/GCOS Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climate (TOPC): final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Council for Science (ICSU); et al. - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1528)
JCOMM Technical Report, 23. SIGRID-3 :a vector archive format for sea ice charts
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Ice Charting Working Group's Ad Hoc Format Team for the WMO Global Digital Sea Ice Data Bank Project - WMO, 2010 (revised edition; WMO/TD-No. 1214)This document describes the SIGRID-3 format so that it may be understood by a variety of users and implemented by chart-producing ice centers or services. SIGRID-3 evolved from earlier SIGRID formats and incorporates much of their content (see Appendix 1 for notes on earlier SIGRID formats and their application in SIGRID-3). For example, SIGRID variable identifiers such as “CT” for total concentration are used in SIGRID-3. While all SIGRID variable identifiers may be used in SIGRID-3, those that are commonly used are required, such as concentration, stage of development, and form. Users famili ...
Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) - Third session : Abridged final report with resolutions and recommendations
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO-No. 1049)
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IUCN/NRDC Workshop to Identify Areas of Ecological and Biological Significance or Vulnerability in the Arctic Marine Environment : Workshop Report
Human activity is expanding in the Arctic marine environment, in part due to warming ocean temperatures and the dramatic loss of summer sea ice. New and expanding human uses include fishing, shipping and offshore oil and gas development. All have the potential to place major additional stress on ocean ecosystems which are already undergoing profound change related to warming, sea ice loss, and alterations in ocean chemistry.
Because activities conducted in one nation's waters can affect other parts of the region, effective management of some human uses in the Arctic marine environmen ...
Global sea-level rise update
Sea level is higher now and is rising much more rapidly than at any other time in the past 3 000 years. We know that sea level will continue to rise for many centuries, even after global temperatures are stabilized, as it takes that long for the ocean and ice sheets to respond fully to a warmer climate. Unchecked global warming is likely to raise sea level by several metres in coming centuries, leading to the loss of many coastal cities and entire island states. This longer-term threat is already being exacerbated by increased frequency of short-term extreme sea levels due to the superposition ...
Why monitor the Arctic Ocean? Services to society from a sustained ocean observing system
Bates Peter; Alverson Keith; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - UNESCO, 2010Never has accurate information been more important, yet at
present we know very little about the Arctic Ocean. Critical physical processes are poorly understood, ecosystems remain unstudied and undiscovered, and indigenous voices go unheard. This lack of knowledge thwarts efforts to detect, predict or manage the interrelated physical, biological and social impacts of climate change, making sustainable development almost impossible. A coordinated observing system must therefore be
created for the Arctic Ocean and its coasts, to provide baseline data and ensure sustained monitor ...
Ocean acidification : questions answered
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - European Commission, 2010In this guide we do four new things. We answer some key questions many people are now asking about ocean acidification. We say how sure the international scientific community is about what is already happening to the ocean, we discuss what the future may hold for the ocean in a high carbon
dioxide (CO2) world, and we explore the consequences for all of us of what is now happening.
Questions Answered follows on from the highly successful multilingual guide called Ocean Acidification: The Facts, which was launched in winter 2009 at the UN climate change conference at Copenhagen. Q ...
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Ocean fertilization : a scientific summary for policy makers
The publication, commissioned by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO and prepared with the assistance of the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), summarizes activities and issues surrounding the use of ocean fertilization as deliberate interventions in the Earth's climate system that might moderate global warming.
Global Ocean Protection : present Status and Future Possibilities
IUCN, 2010This publication provides a much needed and timely tool to assist in the collective effort to find new and better solutions to address the various threats to the marine biological diversity and productivity. It provides evidence-based recommendations on improving and accelerating actions on delivering ocean protection and management through marine protected areas and facilitates the sharing of experiences and lessons learned.
JCOMM Technical Report, 53. The WMO-IOC Network of Regional Marine Instrument Centres (RMICS) : revision 1
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2010 (WMO/TD-No. 1564)
JCOMM Technical Report, 05. The Voluntary Observing Ships Scheme – A Framework Document : revision 2
اللجنة الفنية المشتركة بين المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية واللجنة الدولية الحكومية لعلوم المحيطات والمعنية بعلوم المحيطات والأرصاد الجوية البحرية-الدورة الثالثة
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; اللجنة الدولية الحكومية لعلوم المحيطات والمعنية بعلوم المحيطات والأرصاد الجوية البحرية - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2010 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1049)
Commission technique mixte OMM/COI d'océanographie et de météorologie maritime (CMOM) - Troisième session
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Commission Océanographique Intergouvernementale (COI) - OMM, 2010 (OMM-No. 1049)
Comisión Técnica Mixta OMM/COI sobre Oceanografía y Meteorología Marina (CMOMM) - Tercera reunión
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Comisión Oceanográfica Intergubernamental (COI) - OMM, 2010 (OMM-No. 1049)
阐明要点
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - European Commission, 2010本指南主要包括四方面的新内容: 解答人们提出的有关海洋酸化的关键问题；谈谈国际 科学界对海洋已经发生变化的观点；探讨在CO2 浓度升高的地球上，未来海洋的变化 趋势；探讨目前正在发生的一切可能对人类带来什么样的后果。
《海洋酸化：问题解答》是继2009年冬天哥本哈根联合国气候变化大会上成功发布的多 语版《海洋酸化的事实》之后的第二本指南，这本指南将提供更具技术性的解答，推 进科学理念。
جعلها أوضح
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - European Commission, 2010فى هذا الدليل قمنا بعمل أربعة أمور جديدة، حيث قمنا بالإجابة عن بعض الأسئلة المهمة التي يسألها العديد من الناس حول تحمّض المحيطات، نحن نتحدث عن تأكد المجتمع العلمي الدولي حول ما يحدث للمحيطات، ونناقش ما يحمل المستقبل للمحيطات مع ارتفاع ثاني أكسيد الكربون )) CO2 في العالم، ونستكشف عواقب ما يحدث الآن.
الأسئلة والإجابات يسير على خطى ناجحة للغاية للدليل متعدد اللغات الذى يسمى “تحمّض المحيطات الحقائق” ، والذى تم إطلاقه فى في شتاء 2009 في مؤتمر الامم المتحدة للتغير المناخي في كوبنهاغن دليل الأسئلة والإجابات حتما ذو طبيعة تقنية أكثر من الدليل السابق “الحقائق” حيث أنه يستند على العلم والسبب المن ...
Для чего необходим мониторинг северного Ледовитого океана?
Bates Peter; Alverson Keith; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); et al. - UNESCO, 2010
Pourquoi surveiller l'océan Arctique? Services fournis à la société par un système permanent d'observation de l'océan
Bates Peter; Alverson Keith; Commission Océanographique Intergouvernementale (COI); et al. - UNESCO, 2010Jamais l’exactitude de l’information n’a été plus importante
qu’aujourd’hui et pourtant, nous savons encore très peu de choses sur l’océan Arctique. Certains processus physiques essentiels sont mal connus, des écosystèmes ne sont pas étudiés– ou pas découverts – et les voix autochtones demeurent ignorées. Ce manque de connaissances nuit aux initiatives visant à identifier, prédire ou gérer les conséquences physiques, biologiques et sociales – qui sont liées entre elles– du changement climatique, ce qui rend le développement
durable pratiquement impossible. Il est donc nécessair ...
Acidificación oceánica : preguntas y respuestas
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - Comisión Europea, 2010En esta guía se tratan cuatro aspectos fundamentales. Se contestan algunas de las preguntas clave que la gente se formula sobre la acidificación oceánica. Se aclara el grado de certeza de la comunidad científica
sobre los cambios que están ocurriendo en los océanos. Se discute qué le depara el futuro al océano en un mundo con altos niveles de dióxido de carbono (CO2) y, finalmente, se exploran cuáles son las consecuencias de este fenómeno para todos nosotros.
Preguntas y Respuestas es un manual que se inspira en la guía multilingüe Acidificación Oceánica: Los Hechos, publicada e ...
L'acidification des océans : questions [et] réponses
Laffoley, D. d'A.; Baxter J.M.; European Project on Ocean Acidification ; et al. - Commission Européenne, 2010Dans ce guide, quatre objectifs sont poursuivis. Nous répondons à des questions clés que le public se pose à propos de l’acidification des océans. Nous exprimons les certitudes de la communauté scientifique internationale quant à ce qui est en train de se passer dans les océans. Nous discutons de ce que sera l’avenir des océans dans un monde riche en dioxyde de carbone (CO2), et nous explorons les conséquences de nos actions.
Questions-Réponses est la suite d’un autre guide publié en plusieurs langues qui a connu un franc succès L’acidification des Océans: Les Faits et qui a été lancé a ...
Blue Carbon : The Role of Healthy Oceans in Binding Carbon
This report explores the potential for mitigating the impacts of climate change by improved management and protection of marine ecosystems and especially the vegetated coastal habitat, or blue carbon sinks. The objective of this report is to highlight the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems in maintaining our climate and in assisting policy makers to mainstream an oceans agenda into national and international climate change initiatives. While emissions’ reductions are currently at the centre of the climate change discussions, the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems ha ...
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DBCP Technical Document, 35. Annual Report for 2008
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DBCP Technical Document, 34. Presentations made at the DBCP scientific and technical workshop
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2009
Mesoscale Ocean Circulation Models
This module examines mesoscale ocean circulation models and features and processes that they predict. These models simulate temperature, salinity, currents, and elevation in 3 dimensions through a period of time. They have sufficient resolution to simulate features like fronts, eddies, upwelling, and internal tides. In this module, we examine current operational models, limitations to model forecasts, examples of predicted ocean features, and potential applications.
Jason-2: Using Satellite Altimetry to Monitor the Ocean
Altimeters onboard satellites such as Jason-2 measure sea surface height and other characteristics of the ocean surface. These characteristics are linked to underlying processes and structures, making altimetry data useful for understanding the full depth of the global ocean. This 75-minute module explores major discoveries made possible by altimetry data in oceanography, marine meteorology, the marine geosciences, climate studies, the cryosphere, and hydrology. For example, altimeters have played a vital role in detecting and monitoring sea level rise and its relation to climate change. The m ...
Nearshore Wave Modeling
Ocean waves near shore impact public safety, commerce, navigation, and, of course recreation. Predicting these waves has driven efforts to model them for more than two decades. This module introduces forecasters to different nearshore wave models, including phase-resolving and 1- and 2-dimensional spectral models. It describes the processes that wave models simulate, the assumptions they make, the initial and boundary conditions required to run the models, and potential sources of error in model forecasts. While focusing on SWAN, the module also examines the Navy Standard surf Model and Bouss- ...
JCOMM Technical Report, 46. Ship Observations Team (SOT), annual report for 2008
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2009 (WMO/TD-No. 1459)
JCOMM Technical Report, 45. Proceedings of CLIMAR III - Third JCOMM Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) - WMO, 2009 (WMO/TD-No. 1445)
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