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Sorted by (Issue date descending, Date of update descending, Date of creation descending, Number of collection descending) Add the result to your favourites Refine your searchVol. 67(1) - 2018 - Número especial dedicado al agua
Presentación
por Harry F. Lins y Petteri Taalas, 3
Seguridad hídrica en un clima en cambio
por Michael H. Glantz, 4
El agua en el contexto internacional
por Tommaso Abrate, 9
Celebración del 25o aniversario del WHYCOS
por Michel Jarraud, 11
Gestión de información hidrológica y desarrollo sostenible
por Frédéric Maurel, 13
Caso práctico: ejecución del proyecto IGAD-HYCOS en Uganda
por Nebert Wobusobozi y Leodinous Mwebembezi. .15
Innovaciones en planificación y ges ...
Том 67(1) - 2017 г. - Специальный выпуск, посвященный вопросам Воды
Предисловие
Гарри Ф。 Линс и Петтери Таалас。 3
Водная безопасность в изменяющемся мире
Майкл Х。 Гланц。 4
Решение проблем, связанных с водой, в рамках международных соглашений
Томмасо Абрате。 9
Празднование 25-летия ВСНГЦ
Мишель Жарро。11
Управление гидрологической информацией и устойчивое развитие
Фредерик Морель。13
Анализ конкретного примера: осуществление проекта ИГАД-СНГЦ
в Уганде
Неберт Вобусобози и Леодинус Мвебембези。15
Инновации для устойчивого планирования ...
67(1) - 2018 - Numéro spécial: l'eau
Contient:
Préface
Par Harry F. Lins et Petteri Taalas, p.3
Approvisionnement en eau dans le
contexte de l’évolution du climat
Par Michael H. Glantz, p.4
L’action internationale en faveur de l’eau
Par Tommaso Abrate, p.9
Le WHYCOS fête ses 25 ans
Par Michel Jarraud, p.11
Gestion de l’information hydrologique et développement durable
Par Frédéric Maurel, p.13
Étude de cas: mise en oeuvre du projet IGAD-HYCOS en Ouganda
Par N ...
Vol. 67(1) - 2018 - Special issue on Water
Contains:
Preface
By Harry F. Lins and Petteri Taalas, p.3
Water Security in a Changing Climate
By Michael H. Glantz, p.4
Water in the International Framework
By Tommaso Abrate, p.9
Celebrating 25 Years of WHYCOS
By Michel Jarraud, p.11
Management of Hydrological Information and Sustainable Development
By Frédéric Maurel, p.13
Case Study: Implementation of the IGAD‑HYCOS Project in Uganda
By Nebert Wobusobozi and Leodinous Mwebemb ...National Water Model, Part 1: Science and Products
This lesson provides an introduction to the benefits, important input (forcing data), and key products of the National Water Model. Both official and evolving products are presented. The lesson uses the flooding associated with Hurricane Harvey in August 2017 to demonstrate key products.Dam Failure Concepts and Modeling
This lesson provides an in-depth case study to illustrate principles of dam failure modeling and examines some of the critical data inputs and outputs. Output is provided from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-RAS model for simulated failures of a large dam. Several simulations are presented that show the impact from varying the size of the breach and the time it takes the breach to fully develop. The lesson also summarizes several infamous large dam failures from around the world and the impacts from other factors are such as reservoir shape and size, the age of the dam, and the material u ...Using the Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT) for Water Resilience Decisions
This lesson offers users of climate information a demonstration of the utility of the Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT) for water resources applications. The training follows a NOAA Climate Resilience Toolkit case study in Tampa, Florida, and illustrates how LCAT analyses can be used to inform the steps to climate resilience outlined in the Toolkit. This text-based, interactive lesson will be accessible to anyone using LCAT for water resources decision-making, though will be most useful to those with some familiarity with drought/water resources questions and information needs. Some backgroun ...Diagnosis of floods/drought and their associated circulation anomaly over Malawi
Floods and droughts are one of extreme weather climatic events that result in loss of life and property in Malawi. However, a well detailed knowledge of understanding of previous extreme climatic events and their associated impacts can be a precautionary in reducing their impacts, as it will help to project future events timely. Therefore this paper presents an analysis of Dec-Feb seasonal flood/drought events and their associated circulation anomalies over Malawi. The DJF seasonal flood/drought was studied using monthly data from 9 selected stations for the period of 1978-2010. A set of regio ...
Integrated Drought Management Programme Working Paper, 01. Benefits of action and costs of inaction: Drought mitigation and preparedness – a literature review
This review of available literature on the benefits of action and costs of inaction of drought mitigation and preparedness shows that significant progress has been made over the past decade in improving understanding of droughts and their impacts. However, significant gaps in research, policy and practice remain. This paper reviews several methodologies for making economic drought impact assessments and describes the main obstacles and opportunities facing the transition from crisis management to risk management. It identifies drivers of ex ante and ex post action against drought and highlight ...Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change
Climate is changing at unprecedented rates in recorded history. A variety of lines of evidence demonstrate that climate change is likely to affect the hydrologic cycle and thus create new challenges in water management. This requires that climate change information be included in water and water-related resources planning, operations, and management. Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change describes the terminology, global evidence, regional manifestations, and basic science of global climate variability and anthropogenic change, with a focus on water res ...Climate Variability and Change for Water Resources Management - International Edition
Climate is changing at unprecedented rates in recorded history. A variety of lines of evidence demonstrate that climate change is likely to affect the hydrologic cycle and thus create new challenges in water management. This requires that climate change information be included in water and water-related resources planning, operations, and management. Climate Variability and Change for Water Resources Management - International Edition describes the terminology, global evidence, regional manifestations, and basic science of global climate variability and anthropogenic change, with a focus on wa ...Sea Level Change: Basics
This lesson describes the physical processes, both natural and human-induced, that lead to changes in sea level. The processes described include climate induced changes in ocean heat content and volume, natural oceanic cycles, and both natural and human-induced changes in coastal land elevation. The learning is enhanced with rich graphics and periodic questions.Drought Assessment Using SPEI and NDVI : Case of Lesotho
While drought conditions are generally a common and recurring phenomenon of the climate in Southern Africa especially Lesotho, the frequency of droughts in Lesotho has increased significantly over the past few years. Lesotho has suffered the devastating impacts of drought during the past several decades resulting in poor harvests and large livestock losses to rural farmers. The majority of the population in Lesotho engages with rain- fed agriculture and is dependent to some degree on own production for household food supply and/or cash income (Dejene, Midgley, & Marake, 2011). Any negative cha ...
Handbook of Drought Indicators and Indices
The purpose of this handbook is to cover some of the most commonly used drought indicators/indices that are being applied across drought-prone regions, with the goal of advancing monitoring, early warning and information delivery systems in support of risk-based drought management policies and preparedness plans. These concepts and indicators/indices are outlined below in what is considered to be a living document that will evolve and integrate new indicators and indices as they come to light and are applied in the future. The handbook is aimed at those who want to generate indicators and indi ...The Sahel Drought Mechanism: insights from two contrasting extreme events
The Sahel drought mechanism: insights from two contrasting extreme events during boreal summer July-August-September (JAS) is investigated in this study using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and composite analyses were deployed in this study, where the global precipitation climatology center (GPCC) rainfall data is used. The SPI shows large widespread decreasing rainfall trend in the Sahel in the mid-1980s; thereafter, Sahel rainfall have recovered somewhat through the late 1990s, even though the drought conditions have not ended in the region. A ...Spatial-temporal analysis and variability of meteorological drought during pre and south west monsoon period in Myanmar
The current study is an attempt to assess meteorological drought in Myanmar during the South west pre monsoon and monsoon period using observed rainfall data from 34 stations in Myanmar spanning from 1971 to 2010. The components of drought that were analyzed in this study were severity, persistence, frequency and probability of occurrence. Additional, trends in drought occurrence were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall (MK) method while the wavelet analysis was applied to PI value to identify various periodic processes.
دلیل المؤشرات والأرقام القیاسیة للجفاف
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; Global Water Partnership (GWP) - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2016 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1173)الغرض من ھذا الدلیل ھو تغطیة بعض أكثر المؤشرات/ الأرقام القیاسیة للجفاف شیوعاً التي یجري تطبیقها في جمیع المناطق المعرضة للجفاف، بهدف تعزیز نُظم المراقبة والإنذار المبكر وتقدیم المعلومات الداعمة لسیاسات إدارة الجفاف وخطط التأھب لھ القائمة على المخاطر. وھذه المفاھیم والمؤشرات/ الأرقام القیاسیة مبینة أدناه فیما یُعتبر وثیقة تداولیة سوف تتطور وتضم مؤشرات وأرقاماً قیاسیة جدیدة مع ظهورھا وتطبیقها في المستقبل. والدلیل موجھ إلى أولئك الذین یریدون إعداد مؤشرات وأرقاماً قیاسیة بأنفسهم، وكذلك إلى أولئك الذین یریدون فحسب الحصول على نواتج أُعدت في مكان آخر واستخدامها. والمقصود ھو استخدامھ من جانب الممارسی ...
Manuel des indicateurs et indices de sécheresse
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Global Water Partnership (GWP) - OMM, 2016 (OMM-No. 1173)Le manuel présente les indicateurs et les indices les plus couramment employés dans les régions sujettes à la sécheresse dans le but de faire progresser le suivi, l’alerte précoce et la diffusion de l’information à l’appui des politiques de gestion des situations de sécheresse et des plans de préparation axés sur les risques. Les méthodes et les notions qui les accompagnent y sont brièvement exposées. Ce document est appelé à évoluer et à s’enrichir à mesure que de nouveaux indicateurs et indices seront élaborés et mis en pratique. Il intéressera les personnes qui souhaitent définir leurs prop ...
Справочник по показателям и индексам засушливости
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO); Global Water Partnership (GWP) - BMO, 2016 (BMO-No. 1173)Цель настоящего справочника заключается в том, чтобы описать самые распространенные показатели/индикаторы засушливости, которые применяются в подверженных засухам регионах, с целью совершенствования систем мониторинга, заблаговременного предупреждения и представления информации в поддержку политических мер в области борьбы с засухами с учетом рисков и в поддержку планов обеспечения готовности. Эти концепции и показатели/индексы кратко изложены в нижеследующем тексте, призванном быть интерактивным документом, который в дальнейшем будет развиваться и включать новые показатели и индексы по мере и ...
干旱指标与指数手册
本手册旨在涵盖适用于干旱易发区域最常用的干旱指标/指数，目的是促进监 测、早期预警和信息提供系统，以支持基于风险的干旱管理政策和备灾计划。 这些概念和指标/指数将在下文进行介绍，它是一份动态文件，随着新指标和指 数出现及在未来的适用性加以更新及整合。本手册面向那些希望制作其自身指 标和指数的机构以及针对那些只愿意获取和使用为其它地区所制作的产品的机 构。本手册适用于一般干旱从业人员使用（例如，气象/水文部门、资源管理者 及其它各级决策者），并旨在作为一个起点，表明哪个指标/指数可用，并在全 球投入实际使用。此外，本手册的制定考虑到了干旱风险管理过程。然而，本 出版物并非旨在推荐一套“最佳”指标和指数。对指标/指数的选择是根据与利益 攸关方关注的影响最密切关联的干旱具体特点。
Manual de indicadores e índices de sequía
La finalidad del presente manual es tratar algunos de los indicadores e índices de sequía de uso más habitual en las regiones más propensas a las sequías, con el objeto de impulsar sistemas de vigilancia, de alerta temprana y de suministro de información que respalden los planes de preparación y las políticas de gestión de la sequía basados en riesgos. Estos conceptos e indicadores o índices se describen a grandes rasgos a continuación, en lo que se considera un documento dinámico que evolucionará e incorporará nuevos indicadores e índices a medida que estos salgan a la luz y se apliquen en el ...Overview of Watershed and Channel Sedimentation
This lesson provides an overview of the primary influences of watershed and channel sedimentation. In a short narrated portion of the lesson, we explore a section of the Rio Grande watershed and channel in New Mexico using Google Earth imagery, river profiles, and graphic animations. We highlight features of the upland catchments, the river channel, and the Elephant Butte Reservoir. We then demonstrate how environmental factors (climate, geography, land use changes, reservoirs) impact the supply and movement of sediments for the Rio Grande and other rivers. The focus is on the three primary pr ...Disaster risk programme to strengthen resilience in the dry corridor in Central America
This document presents an overview on the impact of the Dry Corridor phenomenon in Central America, and the work the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) - in collaboration with its partners - is doing to support countries to increase disaster resilience of households, communities and institutions.Asia-Pacific Disaster Report 2015: Disasters without borders - Regional resilience for sustainable development
This flagship publication of UN ESCAP provides an overview of the state of disaster resilience in Asia-Pacific region, and places disaster risk reduction at the heart of sustainable development. It identifies emerging new risks in the region and the sectors that are most at risk.New Guinea islands drought: assessment report
This report presents the outcomes of a rapid assessment on the drought situation carried out by the Government of Papua New Guinea. It includes the findings/ highlights on the impact of drought on food, water, health, livelihood and education. It finally presents recommendations based on the assessment.
Assessing Agricultural Risk in Africa Using Satellite Data and Land Surface Models
Droughts pose a major risk in most African countries including Ghana where agricultural activities are heavily dependent on rainfall. Efforts at assessing droughts and providing decision support tools to farmers are hampered by a lack of rainfall and other meteorological data over many parts of Africa. Satellite based rainfall measurements have been suggested to fill the rainfall data gaps over Africa to enable effective assessment of droughts. Traditional methods of assessing droughts have been based on statistical formulations that relied mostly on precipitation. This approach to assessing d ...Understanding drought in India: Southasiadisasters.net issue no. 127, March 2015
This report emphasizes that governments at all levels must provide their agencies with the authority and resources required to fulfill their disaster preparedness responsibilities and provincial and federal governments must provide further funding assistance to help empower local authorities. It explains that organizations outside of government as well as the public have preparedness responsibilities which they must come to understand, accept and fulfil. In addition, the report touches upon several recommendations which can be used by governments to successfully work towards better preparednes ...Water for a sustainable world: the UN world water development report 2015
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); UN Water - United Nations, 2015The report elaborates upon the future of water towards 2050 by describing how water supports healthy and prosperous human communities, including through measures that reduce vulnerability and improve resilience to water-related disasters such as flood and drought management approaches, maintains well-functioning ecosystems and ecological services, and provides a cornerstone for short and long-term economic development.
It provides an overview of the challenges, issues and trends in terms of water resources, their use and water-related services like water supply and sanitation, a ...Primary Influences on Water Temperature for Inland Streams
This lesson explores the primary influences, or drivers, on water temperature of inland streams and rivers. We use a simulated flight, or flyover, where we look down at the features of the South Boise River in Idaho. An unregulated as well as a regulated reach of the river are explored (above and below the Anderson Ranch Reservoir), with a look at cross sections of the river and its environment at key locations during the flyover. We explore how environmental factors (climate, geography, stream morphology) impact water temperatures. Then, after defining the factors that affect water temperatur ...Climate Variability and Change Lectures, July 2013
This lesson presents 13 recorded presentations from the 29 July–2 August, 2013 offering of the Climate Variability and Change Virtual Course (CVCVC). This five-day live facilitated online course provided an extensive background on a range of climate variability and change topics with an emphasis on developing communication skills for challenging climate topics. The topics covered in this course, while aimed primarily at NOAA operational climate services delivery staff will also be helpful for others who already possess a basic level of understanding of climate science. Presentations include: W ...Managing drought, sustaining growth in Djibouti
This brochure is part of a series highlighting the World Bank's achievements in disaster risk management initiatives. The brochure offers lessons learned on managing disaster risk and promoting urban resilience and it presents Bangladesh's path-breaking Urban Resilience Project, the product of a collaborative effort among the government, the World Bank, and GFDRR, which equips key government agencies with state-of-the art emergency management facilities and improves construction permitting processes.Beyond reaction : drought and climate change in Central America
CARE International (CI), 2014This document is a joint research report that was presented on the 5th of December during COP20 and on the 9th of December at the People's Summit in Lima, Peru. It argues that, for the construction of new governance under difficult conditions due to the drought and the impacts of climate change in Central America, it is urgent not only to allocate financial resources for adaptation, but also to take synergic actions that will implicate the civil society and the governments.
Based on the expected impacts of climate change for Central America, presented through various forecast s ...
National Drought Management Policy Guidelines : a template for action
The implementation of a drought policy based on the philosophy of risk reduction can alter a nation’s approach to drought management by reducing the associated impacts (risk). This was the idea that motivated the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in collaboration with a number of UN agencies, international and regional organizations, and key national agencies, to organize the Highlevel Meeting on National Drought Policy (HMNDP), which ...Turn down the heat: confronting the new climate normal
World Bank the - World Bank, 2014This report focuses on the risks of climate change to development in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and parts of Europe and Central Asia. For each region, the report addresses the regional patterns of climate change, such as heat extremes, extreme precipitation, droughts, tropical cyclones/hurricanes, and sea-level rise.
Building on earlier Turn Down the Heat reports, this new scientific analysis examines the likely impacts of present day (0.8°C), 2°C and 4°C warming above pre-industrial temperatures on agricultural production, water resource ...Linking food security, climate adaptation and carbon management : a case study from Indonesia
Suni Yulius P.K.; Lassa Jonatan A.; Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change (IRGSC) - IRGSC, 2014This paper addresses the reduction of carbon emission as a global climate mitigation imperative and considers the negative impacts of climate change on food production. It argues that, in order to ensure that climate adaptation, food security and climate mitigation objectives are mutually achieved, local level intervention is necessary.
The case study shows local level action where efforts achieving food security through mutual adoption of climate adaptation (e.g. drought and soil erosion management through land and water conservation measures) and carbon mitigation. The resear ...A review of droughts in the African continent: a geospatial and long-term perspective: In Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 11
2014This paper presents a review and analysis of the available literature and information on droughts to build a perspective on geospatial and temporal variation of droughts in Africa. The study is based on the review and analysis of droughts occurred during 1900–2013 as well as evidence available from past centuries based on studies on the lake sediment analysis, tree-ring chronologies and written and oral histories and future predictions from the global climate change models. The paper argues that the available evidence from the past shows that the African continent is likely to face extreme and ...Drought in Jalna: community-based adaptation to extreme climate events in Maharashtra
This booklet is based on outcomes from a two-year Indo-Norwegian research and capacity development project titled, ‘Extreme Risks, Vulnerabilities and Community-Based Adaptation in India (EVA)’. The findings draw upon empirical data from rural communities in Jalna District in the dryland region of Marathwada of Maharashtra.
Lignes directrices pour une politique nationale de gestion de la sécheresse : un modèle d’action
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Global Water Partnership (GWP) - OMM, 2014 (OMM-No. 1164)La mise en oeuvre d’une politique nationale de gestion de la sécheresse fondée sur le principe de la réduction des risques peut exiger de revoir les dispositions prises jusqu’alors en vue d’atténuer les impacts correspondants. Ce constat a conduit l’Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM), le Secrétariat de la Convention des Nations Unies sur la lutte contre la désertification (CNULCD) et l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) à tenir du 11 au 15 mars 2013, à Genève, la Réunion de haut niveau sur les politiques nationales en matière de sécheresse, en col ...
Руководящие указания по разработке национальной политики в области борьбы с засухой : Руководство к действию
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO); Global Water Partnership (GWP) - BMO, 2014 (BMO-No. 1164)Осуществление политики в отношении засухи, основанной на философии, заключающейся в уменьшении риска, может изменить национальный подход к борьбе с засухой за счет уменьшения соответствующих последствий (риска). Именно эта идея вдохновила Всемирную Метеорологическую Организацию (ВМО), Секретариат Конвенции Организации Объединенных Наций по борьбе с опустыниванием (КБОООН) и Продовольственную и сельскохозяйственную организацию Объединенных Наций (ФАО) в сотрудничестве с рядом учреждений ООН, международных и региональных организаций и ключевых национальных агентств на организацию и проведение Со ...
المبادئ التوجيهية للسياسات الوطنية لإدارة الجفاف : نموذج إجرائي
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; Global Water Partnership (GWP) - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2014 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1164)إن تنفيذ سياسة بشأن الجفاف تستند إلى فلسفة الحد من المخاطر يمكن أن يغيّر النهج الذي تتبعه أي دولة في ما يتعلق بإدارة الجفاف وذلك بتقليل الآثار ذات الصلة )بالمخاطر(. وقد كانت هذه هي الفكرة التي دفعت المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية WMO( (، وأمانة اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة بشأن مكافحة التصحر ) UNCCD (، ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة للأمم المتحدة ) FAO ( إلى القيام، بالتعاون مع عدد وكالات الأمم المتحدة والمنظمات الدولية والإقليمية والوكالات الوطنية الرئيسية، بتنظيم الاجتماع الرفيع المستوى المعني بالسياسات الوطنية بشأن الجفاف HMNDP( (، الذي عُقد في جنيف من 11 إلى 15 آذار/ مارس 2013 . وكان موضوع ذلك الاجتماع ...
国家干旱管理政策指南 : 行动模板
实施基于降低风险理念的干旱政策能 够通过降低相关影响（风险）而改变国家的 干旱管理方式。正是这一理念促使世界气 象组织（WMO）、联合国防治荒漠化公约 （UNCCD）秘书处以及联合国粮食及农业 组织（FAO）与一些联合国机构、国际和区 域组织以及主要的国家机构合作，于2013 年3月11-15日在日内瓦召开了国家干旱政策 高级别会议（HMNDP）。HMNDP的主题 是‘降低社会脆弱性 – 帮助社会（社区和行 业）’。[...]
Directrices de política nacional para la gestión de sequías : modelo para la adopción de medidas
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Asociación Mundial para el Agua (GWP) - OMM, 2014 (OMM-No. 1164)La aplicación de una política sobre la sequía basada en la filosofía de la reducción de los riesgos puede modificar el enfoque de la gestión de la sequía por los países mediante la reducción de los efectos conexos (riesgo). Esta es la idea que motivó a la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM), la secretaría de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), en colaboración con diversos organismos de las Naciones Unidas, organizaciones internacionales y regionales y organismos nacion ...Sequía y desertificación en los sellos de correos
El Marco Mundial para los Servicios Climáticos (MMSC) identifica cuatro áreas de prioridad inicial: el agua, la seguridad alimentaria, la salud y la reducción del riesgo de desastres. La sequía y la desertificación (de ahora en adelante, S+D) son temas importantes en todas estas áreas.The role of conservation programs in drought risk adaptation
This report evaluates the extent to which farms facing higher levels of drought risk are more likely to participate in conservation programs, and finds a strong link between drought risk and program participation. It examines drought risk adaptation, defined as the choices that farmers make in response to drought risk exposure, and addresses the policy uncertainty by examining the role of drought risk within agricultural conservation programs and considering potential changes in conservation program design, such as adjustments in contract ranking criteria or changes in eligibility requirements ...Insuring countries against natural disasters: pool rules
IFPRI, 2013This brief summarizes the key lessons that have emerged from a cost-benefit analysis of the African Risk Capacity (ARC) pool, a proposed pan-Africa drought risk pool that would insure against drought risk in Africa south of the Sahara, and discusses how these lessons can be more broadly applied to other cross-country pools.
It proposes 8 key lessons: (i) governments need to make a clear commitment to rules-based disbursement of claim payments; (ii) insurance mechanisms should focus on large infrequent payments, with other systems handling smaller, more frequent events; (iii) th ...CDP cities 2013: summary report on 110 global cities
2013This report present CDP, C40 and AECOM latest results from the third consecutive year of climate change reporting for cities. The data presented in the report conveys information about every aspect of climate change measurement and management in cities, including risks such as temperature increase/heatwaves, frequent/intense rainfall, drought, storms/flooding and sea level rise, and adaptation. It is intended to provide city governments with information and insights in order to assist their work in tackling the challenge of climate change.The geography of poverty, disasters and climate extremes in 2030
ODI, 2013This report examines the relationship between disasters and poverty. It concludes that, without concerted action, there could be up to 325 million extremely poor people living in the 49 countries most exposed to the full range of natural hazards and climate extremes in 2030. It maps out where the poorest people are likely to live and develops a range of scenarios to identify potential patterns of vulnerability to extreme weather and earthquakes – who is going to be vulnerable and why. These scenarios are dynamic: they consider how the threats may change, which countries face the greatest risk ...Disaster risk reduction management in the drylands in the Horn of Africa
Fitzgibbon Catherine; Crosskey Alexandra; Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) ; et al. - FAO, 2013This technical brief argues that disaster risk reduction (DRR) interventions should not only focus on addressing the hazards that causes disasters but should also encompass actions that reduce vulnerability to disaster risk and build local capacity to cope. It identifies good practice in DRR interventions and illustrates how risk-reduction considerations can be systematically incorporated into all development and humanitarian policies and programming.Status of disaster risk management: plans for floods, hurricanes and drought in the agriculture sector - a Caribbean perspective
FAO, 2013This report presents the findings of a study commissioned by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to review the status of development and implementation of disaster risk management (DRM) plans for the agriculture sector throughout the Caribbean. The report is divided into four sections: (i) the first section introduces the background of the region, the Hyogo Framework for Action, and the methodology and objective of the study; (ii) section two reviews the status of disaster risk management (DRM) strategies in the agricultural sector, highlighting the participation ...Recent trends in and preparedness for extreme weather events: final report
This document is the final report of a Senate inquiry by the Environment and Communications References Committee looking at Australia’s extreme weather and asking if the country is ready. It looks at any emerging trends on the frequency of extreme weather events. Based on evidence on future projections of such events and on global warming scenarios of between 1C and 5C by 2070, the inquiry looks at the costs of extreme weather events and their impacts on ecosystems, infrastructure and human health. It also examines the “availability and affordability” of private insurance in disaster-prone are ...Recent extremes of drought and flooding in Amazonia: vulnerabilities and human adaptation: In American Journal of Climate Change (2013, 2)
This guide introduces the concept of local flood risk management and outlines a six step process for local officials to find and implement effective adaptation policies and strategies. The guide is divided into sections based on the six steps, which include mapping and assessing risk, selecting the appropriate method of adaptation, implementation of the flood management plans, and long-term maintenance. At the end of each section there is guidance on recommended information resources.Paving the way for national drought policies: In FAO Issues in the Spotlight, July 2013
FAO, 2013Underscoring that droughts affect more people annually than any other type of natural disaster, the July edition of 'Issues in the Spotlight' of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) describes the increased international attention given to national drought policies in the lead up to, and following. the first High-Level Meeting on National Drought Policy.
The newsletter calls for policy makers to break the crisis management cycle and move toward pro-active risk management strategies. It describes the Declaration adopted at the conclusion of the High-Level Meeting ...Topics geo natural catastrophes 2012: analyses, assessments, positions
Munich-Re, 2013This report shows that the natural catastrophe statistics for 2012 were largely dominated by atmospheric events, with no catastrophic earthquakes. Due to a number of major weather-related catastrophes, including severe tornado outbreaks in the spring and a record drought in the US Midwest, the USA accounted for an exceptionally high proportion of natural catastrophes. However, Russia also experienced unusually hot, dry conditions, and vast tracts of land were devastated by wildfires.FAO disaster risk reduction brief: West Bank and Gaza Strip
FAO, 2013This brief focuses on the key disaster risk reduction (DRR) activities that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) carries out in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (WBGS). It seeks to give an overview of FAO's DRR strategy and briefly describe their activities in WBGS to protect livelihoods from shocks, to make food production systems more resilient and more capable of absorbing the impact of, and recovering from, disruptive events, such as floods, droughts, earthquakes, animal and plants pests and diseases.An Interpretation of the Origins of the 2012 Central Great Plains Drought: Assessment Report
NOAA, 2013This report describes the morphology of the 2012 summer U.S. central Great Plains drought, placing the event into a historical context, and providing a diagnosis of its proximate and underlying causes.Adaptation inspiration book: 22 implemented cases of local climate change adaptation to inspire European citizens
Factsheet: overview of disaster risk reduction in the Arab region
UNDP, 2013This publication provides a short overview of disaster risk reduction in the Arab region. It focuses on the major risks, why in particular cities are at risk and what are the drivers of disaster risk in the region. Further, the factsheet provides information about the achievements and challenges for the future.When disasters and conflicts collide: improving links between disaster resilience and conflict prevention
This report focuses on the links between conditions of vulnerability and risks associated with the nexus of natural disasters, conflict and fragility. It also recognises that any given context will be mired by an even more complex array of intersecting risks. For example, in 2011, drought, and food and political insecurity in East Africa contributed to a full-scale humanitarian crisis. A combination of natural hazards, conflict and fragility provided a recipe for human suffering.Charting new waters: state of watershed payments 2012
This report tracks a rich and diverse portfolio of programs around the world that have found creative ways to finance safe drinking water and instream supplies and to address water risks and dependencies, such as drought, flood, soil erosion, receding glaciers, storm-induced landslides and even wildfire. It sates that climate risk adaptation and mitigation are increasingly cited as a driver of watershed investment, and observes little movement from the private sector to tackle their water-related risk.
DRR-Factsheet. Managing too much or too little water Integrated Drought Management - Integrated Flood Management
Droughts are slow-onset events that cause more loss of lives, livelihoods and permanent displacement of people than cyclones, floods and earthquakes combined. From 1991 to 2000, drought took over 280,000 lives and cost billions of US dollars in damage. Sub-Saharan Africa suffered its worst dry-spell of the twentieth century in 1991–1992 when drought covered some 6.7 million km2 and affected about 110 million people. The 2010–2011 drought in the Horn of Africa put 10 million people at risk.Drought and desertification in postage stamps
The Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) identifies four initial priority areas: water, food security, health and disaster risk reduction. Drought and desertification are important issues in all of these areas.WorldRiskReport 2012: focus - environmental degradation and disasters
UNU, 2012The WorldRiskIndex seeks answers to the following questions: How probable is an extreme natural event, and will it affect people?
How vulnerable are the people to the natural hazards? To what extent can societies cope with acute disasters? Is a society taking preventive measures to face natural hazards to be reckoned with in the future?Reducing risk of future disasters: priorities for decision makers
This report offers a strategic overview of the present and future potential of science to inform and enhance disaster risk reduction (DRR) over the next three decades. It considers disasters whose primary causes are natural hazards. Its focus is on disasters that occur in developing countries, but lessons from past disasters in developed countries are also drawn upon. It explores the diversity of impacts, and the extent to which these are, or should be, considered by decision makers but does not review in detail the scale of past and present disasters.Recovery from disaster: resilience, adaptability and perceptions of climate change
NCCARF, 2012Focused on four disaster-impacted communities in Australia - Beechworth, Bendigo, Ingham and Innisfail, this report makes recommendations for emergency management and local government policies. It presents a study that used Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological systems theory to analyse individual and, by proxy, community resilience to disasters. The theory provided a comprehensive framework to evaluate the interacting factors that support resilience across different disaster sites and communities. While Bronfenbrenner’s theory has been used extensively, the authors believe that this is the first tim ...Where the rain falls: climate change, food and livelihood security, and migration
Warner Koko; CARE France ; Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN); et al. - UNU, 2012This report explores the interrelationships among rainfall variability, food and livelihood security, and human mobility in a diverse set of research sites in eight countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. While climate change affects nearly all aspects of food security – from production and availability, to the stability of food supplies, access to food, and food utilization – the Rainfalls research focuses on linkages between shifting rainfall patterns and food production and the stability of food supplies.ASMET: 2009 Drought in East Africa
The module examines the 2009 drought in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA), focusing on conditions in Kenya. The module begins by reviewing drought conditions in the years leading up to 2009. From there, it examines the seasonal climate forecast for the beginning of 2009 and see what it portends. Satellite products are used to study rainfall performance throughout the year and its impact on the drought situation. Finally, the module describes the climate oscillations that can impact drought in the GHA and identifies patterns that were present in 2009 and contributed to its severity. By the end o ...Pounds of prevention, a disaster risk reduction story: focus on Kenya
This second instalment in USAID's Pounds of Prevention series takes a closer look at how disaster risk reduction work helps keep people safe from harm. This particular example from Kenya presents USAID's work in helping communities in Kenya not only improve their quality of life today, but also bolster their ability to withstand severe drought conditions through water collection, conservation, and storage.Disaster risk financing and insurance in Sub-Saharan Africa : review and options for consideration
World Bank, 2012This report is a preliminary effort to present a body of knowledge on the state of disaster risk financing and insurance in Sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to contribute to a strengthened understanding and collective knowledge within Sub-Saharan Africa on disaster risk financing and insurance, and to encourage open dialogue between stakeholders on how strategies can best be developed to increase financial resilience against natural disasters. It is targeted at policy-makers and actors in the international community with an interest in this agenda. In the context of this report, disaster risk finan ...Adapting to climate change: assessing World Bank Group experience phase III
World Bank, 2012This report presents an extensive review of the World Bank’s experience dealing with climate variability and climate change, offering valuable lessons on adaptation efforts worldwide. It answers questions in three areas: (i) dealing with climate variability; (ii) factoring climate change risks into investment projects; and (iii) anticipating climate change. In addition to this learning-focused agenda, the evaluation also asks how the Bank Group has performed against climate adaptation goals of the Bank Group’s Strategic Framework for Development and Climate Change (FY09-11).
The evalua ...Environmental legislation for disaster risk management: module 1
Gupta Anil K.; Nair Sreeja S.; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ); et al. - India Government, 2012“Environmental Legislation for Disaster Risk Management”, training module is based on the analysis of global context of environmental laws, policies and approaches of integrating environment and disaster risk management. This module cites examples of legal and policy framework from across the world, along with special references to the Indian legal framework and disaster management.City resilience in Africa: a ten essentials pilot
Permezel Melissa; Ebalu Oscar; United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) - UN/ISDR, 2012This publication reports on the outcomes of a pilot project to ‘operationalize’ the Making Cities Resilient Campaign in three cities in Africa – Narok and Kisumu in Kenya and Moshi in Tanzania, commenced in 2012 by the UNISDR regional office for Africa in Nairobi, Kenya. It also describes disaster prevention activities undertaken by pilot cities, and provides assessment and analysis of city resilience according to the Ten Essentials for Making Cities Resilient: 1. Institutional and administrative frameworks; 2. Financing and Resources; 3. Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment – Know Your Risk; 4. Infr ...The demand for micro-insurance: a literature review
Why are demand and renewal rates for micro-insurance so low despite the important protection against disasters it may offer? To address the puzzle this paper provides a selective overview of the current state of research on demand from farmers for risk micro-insurance mostly associated to lack and excess of rainfall (drought and flood). It first looks at the theoretical research and then reviews the empirical evidence on the factors influencing risk attitude and demand for disaster insurance from low-income farmers.Turn down the heat: why a 4°C warmer world must be avoided
This report spells out what the world would be like if it warmed by 4 degrees Celsius, which is what scientists are nearly unanimously predicting by the end of the century, without serious policy changes. It provides a snapshot of recent scientific literature and new analyses of likely impacts and risks that would be associated with a 4° Celsius warming within this century, ranging from sea-level rise to increases in tropical cyclone intensity, unprecedented heat waves, severe drought, and major floods in many regions, with serious impacts on ecosystems and associated services.Climate change in Eastern Europe: Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
This publication explores the impacts of climate change on Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine. The three countries of Eastern Europe will not be affected as strongly as many other parts of Eurasia, yet they will see more of severe floods and forest fires, decreasing water reserves in the south, and gradual changes in biodiversity, agriculture and food security.
Standardized Precipitation Index User Guide
Over the years, there has been much discussion on what drought indices should be used in a particular climate and for what application. Many drought definitions and indices have been developed and attempts have been made to provide some guidance on this issue.
We hope that this user guide on the Standardized Precipitation Index will help countries and institutions to understand how to calculate and use the SPI in order to develop or further enhance their own drought monitoring and early warning capabilities.Pounds of prevention, a disaster risk reduction story: focus on Brazil
This issue travels to Ceará State in northeastern Brazil, an area that faced increasingly frequent drought conditions, and the efforts of community organizations to develop strategies to minimize the negative impacts from droughts and adapt their livelihoods in such a way that makes families more resilient. It describes how the residents, using techniques to conserve water, enhance agricultural practices, and diversify income sources, have managed to mitigate the risk of drought.
Storm surges and coastal erosion in Bangladesh - State of the system, climate change impacts and 'low regret' adaptation measures
The effects of global environmental change, including coastal flooding stemming from storm surges as well as reduced rainfall in drylands and water scarcity, have detrimental effects on countries and megacities in the costal regions worldwide. Among these, Bangladesh with its capital Dhaka is today widely recognised to be one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change and its triggered associated impacts. Natural hazards that come from increased rainfall, rising sea levels, and tropical cyclones are expected to increase as climate changes, each seriously affecting agriculture, water & fo ...Feeling the heat: the human cost of poor preparation for disasters
Islamic Relief Worldwide, 2012This report shows the positive difference Islamic Relief Worldwide is beginning to make in the area of disaster risk reduction (DRR) by highlighting how village disaster committees and earthworks to raise people’s houses have reduced the impact of seasonal flooding in north-western Bangladesh. It shows how irrigated vegetable growing and microfinance loans for small businesses are helping former pastoralists to build new livelihoods in north-eastern Kenya that are less vulnerable to drought. It provides evidence that being better prepared can save money as well as lives and shows that it can b ...Managing drought risk on the ranch: a planning guide for great plains ranchers
National Drought Mitigation Center ; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), 2012This guide is designed to help rangeland managers to better prepare for and manage drought. For ranchers in the United States, drought can be defined as too little soil moisture to meet the needs of dominant forage species during their rapid growth windows. The longer you wait to make decisions, the fewer options you will have available to you and producers who focus on increasing flexibility and maximizing the health of resources are more likely to find solutions during drought that minimize painful decisions with limited resources. Accordingly, having a plan will help producers get through a ...Multi-hazard business continuity management guide : Guide for small and medium enterprises
ILO, 2012This document is intended to contribute to increase constituents’ resilience, mitigate risks and enhance preparedness for crisis and business recovery. The scope covers different types of major-scale, natural hazards, i.e. geophysical, hydrological, meteorological, climate and biological, including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, tropical storms, over-floods, flash flows, mud flows, droughts, desertification and landslides. It aims to inform and guide decision makers and technical service providers on how to manage business continuity vis-à-vis the multiple hazards that may threat t ...Food Security: Near future projections of the impact of drought in Asia
This analysis suggests that climate change will affect us all sooner than we expected. The aim of the report is to encourage further debate and instigate action among policy makers and business leaders.Crop yield response to water
Steduto Pasquale; Hsiao Theodore C.; Fereres Elias; et al. - FAO, 2012 (FAO irrigation and drainage paper-No. 66)Food production and water use are inextricably linked. Water has always been the main factor limiting crop production in much of the world where rainfall is insufficient to meet crop demand. With the ever-increasing competition for finite water resources worldwide and the steadily rising demand for agricultural commodities, the call to improve the efficiency and productivity of water use for crop production, to ensure future food security and address the uncertainties associated with climate change, has never been more urgent.Feeding a thirsty world: challenges and opportunities for a water and food secure future
This report provides input into the discussions at the 2012 World Water Week in Stockholm and its special focus on water and food security. This report presents the latest thinking and new approaches to emerging and persistent challenges to achieve food security in the 21st century, including the use of early warning systems to bolster food security by reducing damages caused to agriculture by water scarcity and drought. It focuses on critical issues that have received less attention in the literature to date, such as: food waste, land acquisitions, gender aspects of agriculture, and early war ...Horn of Africa Risk Transfer for Adaptation (HARITA) quarterly report: October 2011–December 2011
Swiss Re, 2012This report discusses the Horn of Africa Risk Transfer for Adaptation (HARITA) project, which is an integrated risk management framework to enable poor farmers in drought-prone areas of Ethiopia to strengthen their food and income security through a combination of improved resource management (risk reduction), insurance (risk transfer), and microcredit (prudent risk taking). It addresses the critical need to build rural resilience for climate change adaptation to address global poverty, focusing on farmers who depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. It specifically demonstrates how cash-p ...Disaster risk reduction in school curricula: case studies from thirty countries
Selby David; Kagawa Fumiyo; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); et al. - UNESCO, 2012This publication captures key national experiences in the integration of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the curriculum, identifying good practice, noting issues addressed or still lacking, and reviewing learning outcomes. The study researched DRR related curriculum development and integration, pedagogy, student assessment, teacher professional development and guidance, learning outcomes and policy development, planning and implementation aspects covering thirty countries.Annual disaster statistical review 2011: the numbers and trends
In 2011, 332 natural disasters1 were registered, less than the average annual disaster frequency observed from 2001 to 2010 (384). However, the human and economic impacts of the disasters in 2011 were massive. Natural disasters killed a total of 30 773 people and caused 244.7 million victims worldwide (see Figure 1). Economic damages from natural disasters were the highest ever registered, with an estimated US$ 366.1 billion [...]Climate change: is the UK preparing for flooding and water scarcity? : (Adaptation sub-committee progress report 2012)
CCC, 2012This progress report assesses how well the United Kingdom is preparing for climate change. According the report, four times as many properties are at risk of flooding in England without action on climate change. The report uses a set of national indicators to help assess adaptation progress on two of the largest risks to the English regions: flooding and droughts. The report analyses and provides advice to the government for its upcoming adaptation programme.Climate change education for sustainable development in Small Island Developing States : report and recommendations
UNESCO, 2012This report summarizes the key outcomes of a three-day meeting which discussed and reflected on the challenges that climate change poses to education systems in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and on the role that education must play in adaptation to climate change. Acknowledging that SIDS are already confronted with the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and changes in weather and climate extremes such as droughts, floods and tropical cyclones/hurricanes, it considers the need for them to reduce their vulnerability to climate change by strengthening their adaptive c ...Bangladesh: a sustainable and disaster resilient future
This document addresses how people in disaster prone areas of Bangladesh are at risk to lose their lives, land, and livelihoods due to floods, cyclones, earthquakes and drought, and how sustainable development and effective risk reduction can help prevent these risks. It also discusses how disasters in Bangladesh hamper the country's long-term ability to effectively tackle poverty. The document acknowledges the growing awareness among citizens that disaster risk reduction (DRR) is necessary to assist vulnerable communities; and that there needs to be a coordinated effort to undertake intensive ...Community disaster preparedness guide
This document contains practical information on preparing and recovery from the effects of disaster events which may affect the British Virgin Islands. It includes hazard-specific safety tips and information on personal, family, business and community preparedness and protection. It considers the following hazards: flood, hurricane, including tides and surge, earthquake and tsunami, extreme heat and drought, as well as climate change.
This document is a revision of the 2005 Community Disaster Preparedness Handbook with updated information, pictures and with more colour. Its pro ...Adaptation to climate change in semi-arid environments: experience and lessons from Mozambique
FAO, 2012 (Environment and Natural Resources Management-No. 19)Southern Africa and Mozambique are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The region is frequently exposed to droughts, floods, variable rainfall and heat, which are expected to worsen, and sensitivity to such exposure of the natural resource-based livelihood system is very high. The project area is remote and highly underdeveloped and the population is poor, food insecure, and not resilient to the impact of climate shocks. Due to water scarcity, not sufficient for humans and livestock except in a few communities along the Limpopo River, livelihood options are limited. Livelihoods ...Uganda: NAPA project profile
UNFCCC, 2012This paper outlines 9 National Action Plan for Adaptation (NAPA) priority projects in Uganda: 1. Community Tree Growing Project 2. Land Degradation Management Project 3. Strengthening Meteorological Services 4. Community and Water Sanitation Project 5. Water for Production Project 6. Drought Adaptation Project 7. Vectors, Pests and Disease Control Project 8. Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and Natural Resources Management Project 9. Climate Change and Development Planning ProjectSafari's encounter with coastal and marine hazards : UNISUNISDR Africa educational series, vol. 4, issue 1:
UN/ISDR, 2012This booklet targets primary school children to sensitize them to the causes, impacts and mitigation of coastal and marine hazards, such as cyclone, tsunami, storm surge and flood, as well as other natural hazards such as drought, oil spill, ‘red tide’ and ‘brown tide’, and city fire.Drought contingency plans and planning in the Greater Horn of Africa : a desktop review of the effectiveness of drought contingency plans and planning in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia:
UN/ISDR, 2012This paper is a UNISDR contribution towards effective Drought Contingency Planning (DCP) for stakeholders and partners implementing drought risk reduction programmes in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). It attempts to convert findings, concepts and guidelines into a guidance document from critical gaps to bridge general drought preparedness, contingency planning and early response.
The paper points out that although 'Drought Contingency Plan' and 'Drought Contingency Planning' are used interchangeably, they are not identical. With respect to this review a few conceptual and ope ...Disaster reduction in Africa: in ISDR Informs, special issue on drought risk reduction
UN/ISDR, 2012This special issue looks at drought risk reduction through the lens of the Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA), the global framework for disaster risk reduction. It features the excellent work being done throughout the African region and underscores the necessary holistic approach to achieve better resilience to drought in the future. This issue has been made possible by the financial contribution of ECHO.Training package on natural hazards and early warning for training of trainers’ in Kenya
UN/ISDR, 2012The overall aim of the training package is to increase awareness on natural hazards and disaster risk reduction (DRR) to key stakeholders with knowledge on disaster management to empower the actors to support their organizations in developing disaster resilient programs and projects.
This training manual is for use in DRR training aimed at building the capacity of sub-national government officials, NGOs, academia and other actors responsible for delivering, implementing, planning, researching or coordinating programs/policies and projects by raising awareness on DRR issues. The ...Building resilience and fostering growth in the horn of Africa
This paper addresses the crisis in the Horn of Africa in 2011 and the need to enable communities to withstand droughts and move forward by building resilience and fostering sustainable growth. It presents USAID's vision for change through: (i) key principles, such as early action in response to early warning, connecting humanitarian and development programmes, fostering women's empowerment, ensuring evidence-based decision making and supporting and strengthening local, national, and regional capacities; and (ii) a new way of doing business, which includes joint planning, joint focus on resilie ...Drought risk management: practitioner's perspectives from Africa and Asia
UNDP, 2012This report is one of the main outputs from UNDP DDC's activities of the Africa-Asia Drought Risk Management Peer Assistance Network (AADP), funded by the Government of Japan, in 2011. It reviews the current drought risk management (DRM) institutional and programmatic landscape in Africa and Asia and mapped out some of the main DRM capacity gaps and gap-filling opportunities, such as the value of indigenous knowledge, the economic impacts of drought and related political decision-making, risk assessment, early warning systems and awareness raising. It highlights important similarities in DRM i ...
Science Document: Best Practices on National Drought Management Policy
标准化降水指数用户指南
多年来，人们对某一特定气候条件下应该使用何种干旱指数、将其应用于何种目的等这类问题一直争论不休。人们也制定了许多干旱的定义和指数，并尝试为这类问题提供一些指导。
Índice normalizado de precipitación : guía del usuario
A lo largo de los años se ha debatido mucho sobre qué índices de sequía deberían utilizarse en
determinados climas y para cuáles aplicaciones. Se han elaborado muchas definiciones e índices
de sequía y se ha tratado de ofrecer orientación sobre este tema.
Guide d’utilisation de l’indice de précipitations normalisé
Savoir quel indice de sécheresse serait le mieux adapté à tel ou tel climat et à telle ou telle application est une question qui suscite force débats au fil des ans. Bon nombre de définitions et d’indices de la sécheresse ont vu le jour et certains auteurs se sont essayés à formuler des avis éclairés sur le sujet.
Руководство для пользователей стандартизированного индекса осадков
В течение ряда лет шло активное обсуждение вопроса о том, какие индексы засухи
следует использовать в конкретном климате и для какого применения. Были
подготовлены многочисленные определения и индексы засухи и предпринимались
попытки предоставить некоторое руководство по этому вопросу.
دليل مستخدمي المؤشر المعياري للهطول
Svoboda Mark; Hayes Michael; Wood Deborah A.; et al. - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2012 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1090)دار على مر السنين نقاش مستفيض بشأن أي مؤشرات الجفاف ينبغي استخدامه في مناخ معين ولأية تطبيقات يستخدم. ووُضعت تعاريف ومؤشرات كثيرة للجفاف، وجرت محاولات لتقديم بعض الإرشادات بشأن هذه المسألة. ونأمل في أن يساعد البلدان والمؤسسات في فهم كيفية حساب واستخدام المؤشر المعياري للهطول من أجل تطوير قدراتها الخاصة على رصد الجفاف والإنذار المبكر به، أو زيادة تعزيز هذه القدرات. ونأمل في أن يساعد البلدان والمؤسسات في فهم كيفية حساب واستخدام المؤشر المعياري للهطول من أجل تطوير قدراتها الخاصة على رصد الجفاف والإنذار المبكر به، أو زيادة تعزيز هذه القدرات.
Policy Document: National Drought Management Policy
Documento de política: Política nacional de gestión de sequías
Documento científico: Prácticas idóneas en materia de políticas nacionales para la gestión de la sequía
Document directif: politiques nationales de gestion de la sécheresse
Document scientifique: Mesures recommandées pour une politique nationale de gestion de la sécheresse
Degradation, a high price to pay
Spore: the magazine for agricultural and rural development in ACP countries, N° 151. CTA, 2011The cost of soil erosion and forest degradation in Tanzania is now more than one-third of the country’s gross domestic product, says the government.Dégradation, le prix fort
Spore: le magazine du développement agricole et rural des pays ACP, N°151. CTA, 2011Selon une déclaration du gouvernement tanzanien, le coût de l’érosion des sols et de la dégradation forestière en Tanzanie dépasse à présent le tiers du PIB du pays.Degradação, um preço alto a pagar
Esporo, N° 151. CTA, 2011Os custos decorrentes da erosão do solo e da degradação florestal na Tanzânia ascendem actualmente a mais de um terço do produto interno bruto do país, segundo fontes governamentais.Terre, eau, et forêts: ressorts d’un développement à l’épreuve du changement climatique en Afrique
FEM, 2011Coastal Climate Change
As climate changes, dynamic coastal regions are experiencing a wide range of impacts. Sea levels, ocean acidification, sea surface temperatures, ocean heat, and ocean circulation have all been changing in ways unseen for thousands of years. Arctic sea ice melted significantly more during summers in the last 30 years, and storms are intensifying. Coastal ecosystems stand to be damaged, and coasts will likely erode from rising sea levels, intensified storm surges, and flooding that climate change may amplify. Coastal communities will need to prepare adaptation strategies to cope, and many who li ...
Diagnosis of September-November Droughts/Floods over Uganda and the associated circulation anomalies
Uganda has experienced a number of extreme weather and climate events in the form of floods and droughts. In a number of cases, flood events associated with heavy rainfall have been followed immediately by droughts that tend to persist for several seasons. These events have always had devastating impacts on various sectors of the country's economy. The impacts include destruction of infrastructure, loss of life and property and many other far reaching socio-economic impacts. The impact of these extreme events can be greatly reduced through good understanding of previous climatic events and the ...Land, Water, and Forests: Assets for Climate resilient Development in Africa
GEF, 2011One third of all African people live today in drought-prone areas, and 250 million are exposed to drought every year. "Land, Water, and Forests" is a publication that covers the topics of land degradation, deforestation, desertification and water scarcity in the cases of the Congo Basin, Lake Chad and the Sahel region.Drought vulnerability in the Arab region: case study - Drought in Syria, ten years of scarce water (2000-2010)
UN/ISDR, 2011This report addresses drought, which is considered the major disaster occurring in the Arab region, where the total people affected between the years 1970-2009 by drought is of about 38.09 million. The report focuses on Syria, considered one of the most economically affected countries by drought in the region. The case study provides information on historical droughts in the country between 2000-2010, including data on frequency, vulnerabilities and lessons learned with drought impacts.Weather Index Insurance for drought risk in Thailand
UNFCCC, 2011Since 2007 Sompo Japan has been carrying out research on risk finance methods to respond to climate change together with organizations including Japan Bank for International Cooperation. As a result, Sompo Japan began offering Weather Index Insurance in Khon Kaen Province in northeast Thailand in January 2010. This product, which is one method of adaptation to climate change, aims to reduce damage caused by droughts for rice farmers who rely heavily on rainfall, by linking compensation to precipitation.
AGM, 12. Towards a compendium on national drought policy : proceedings of an expert meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; George Mason University ; Environmental Science and Technology Center (ESTC); et al. - WMO, 2011Droughts produce a large number of socio-economic impacts which may arise from the interaction between natural conditions and human factors. There is growing evidence that the frequency and extent of drought has increased as a result of global warming. Some information on the current droughts in 2011 around the world in the Horn of Africa, China, Texas in the US, and England and Wales is presented. The context of current droughts calls for pro-active future actions to cope with droughts. National governments must adopt policies that engender cooperation and coordination at all levels ...Pastoral pathways : climate change adaptation lessons from Ethiopia
A key aim of the Norwegian Development Fund is to increase the adaptive capacity of marginalised rural poor farmers and pastoralists in the South. The focus country of this project study, Ethiopia, has a legacy of variable and unpredictable rainfall, causing frequent droughts and heavy floods, undermining local as well as national food and water security. The analysis in this paper is based mainly on interview data collected in two sites in Afar as well as insights from past studies in the region as documented in published literature. Some of the key issues identified for Afar are followed u ...AGM, 11. Agricultural drought indices : proceedings of an expert meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Motha Raymond P.; Wilhite Donald A.; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1572)The Murcia Expert Meeting is based on the outcomes of the Regional Workshop on Indices and Early Warning Systems for Drought which was held at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in December, 2009. At the Lincoln workshop, drought experts examined what indices are used for meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought and developed the Lincoln Declaration on Drought Indices. There was a consensus agreement that the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) should be used to characterize meteorological droughts by all NMHSs around the world. Several other of the recommendations formt eh Lin ...Simulation of the Bare Soil Surface Energy Balance at the Tongyu Reference Site in Semiarid Area of North China
The performance of a 1-D soil model in a semiarid area of North China was investigated using observational data from a cropland station at the Tongyu reference site of the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) during the non-growing period, when the ground surface was covered with bare soil. Comparisons between simulated and observed soil surface energy balance components as well as soil temperatures and water contents were conducted to validate the soil model. Results show that the soil model could produce good simulations of soil surface temperature, net radiation flux and sensible he ...Approaches for generating climate change scenarios for use in drought projections : a review
Kirono G.C.; Hennessy Kevin; Mpelasoka Freddie; et al. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2010 (CAWCR Technical Report-No. 034)This report describes approaches used for constructing climate projections from a set of climate model simulations for use in drought projections, particularly in Australia. The description includes the pros and cons of each approach with respect to the calculation process, data that are produced, and discussion of the main sources of uncertainty. Although the main focus is on research and approaches that are applied in Australia, the report also briefly discusses approaches applied elsewhere in the world.Investing in communities: the benefits and costs of building resilience for food security in Malawi : investing in disaster risk reduction activities in Malawi
This publication reports on a community-based cost benefit analysis of a disaster risk reduction (DRR) and food security programme in a Malawian agricultural community. The aim of this study is to assess programme activities for their cost-effectiveness and to gather evidence to help inform programming decisions taken by Tearfund, their partners and other NGOs. A second key aim is to inform policy-relevant recommendations to help convince governments, donors and UN agencies to act in a timely way and with appropriate interventions to address food insecurity, given the growing threat from droug ...The Amazon Rain Forest and Climate Change
This module discusses global climate change that is occurring largely because of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities, and in particular the impact that tropical deforestation plays in the climate system. It also covers signs of climate change, the current thinking on future changes, and international agreements that are attempting to minimize the effects of climate change. The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD Programme) is also discussed.Climate Change: Fitting the Pieces Together
This module discusses climate change, particularly as it is currently being affected by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities. It also covers signs of climate change, how scientists study climate, the current thinking on future changes, and what can be done to minimize the effects. Updated in 2012.
WMO publications on agriculture, land, drought, and desertification
A set of core WMO publications on the the topic.Contains:
- Climate Change and Desertification. 2007. Poster. (English only)
- Drought Monitoring and Early Warning: Concepts, Progress, and Future Challenges. 2006. WMO Pub. No 1006.(En, Fr, Es)
- World Climate News No 30. Drought and Desertification Issue. 2007 (En)
- Climate and Land Degradation. 2005. WMO Pub No. 989. (En, Fr, Es)
- Early Warning Systems for Drought Preparedness and Drought Management, 2000. WMO No. 1037. (En)
- Coping with Drought in Sub-Saharan Africa: Better Use of Climate Informat ...Dams and Dam Failure - Module 2: St. Venant Equations, Modeling, and Case Study
This second module in the two-part series expands on the science explaining catastrophic dam failure and flood-wave prediction methods associated with these events. Through the use of rich illustrations and interactions, this module introduces the St. Venant equations for dynamic wave flow, and flood wave characteristics. It also explains the general dam failure modeling process along with advantages and limitations of dam failure models including model stability, accuracy, and sensitivity issues. Finally, it also provides an overview of the Teton River dam failure, one of the most famous hydr ...
N° 30 - Janvier 2007 - Sécheresse et désertification
is an issue of Nouvelles du climat mondial. OMM, 2007Contient:
- Désertification, pauvreté et développement durable
- La désertification, la sécheresse et le rôle de l’OMM
- Programmes de l’OMM
- Atelier international d’Arusha
- Climat et dégradation des sols
- RANET-Afrique
- Comment les SMHN peuvent lancer le programme RANET
- Suivi de la sécheresse aux États-Unis, dans la Corne de l’Afrique et dans le bassin méditerranéen
- Changement climatique, désertification et adaptation: le point de vue du GIEC
- Transmission des messages CLIMAT et CLIMAT TEMP
- La sécheres ...
No. 30 - January 2007 - Drought and desertification
is an issue of World Climate News. WMO, 2007Contents:
- Desertification, poverty and sustainable development
- Desertification, drought and the role of WMO
- WMO programmes
- Climate and land degradation
- International workshop in Arusha
- RANET-Africa
- How NMHSs can initiate the RANET programme
- Drought monitoring in the United States, the Horn of Africa and the Mediterranean
- Climate change, desertification and adaptation: what IPCC says
- The drought of Amazonia in 2005
- GEOSS update
- CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reporting
- NASA astronaut’s ...
Climate information for adaptation and development needs
This brochure provides updated information on how climate science and services can enhance adaptation to climate variability and change, especially for development needs.Watersheds: Connecting Weather to the Environment
This short course provides broadcast meteorologists with knowledge and instructional materials to help them understand watersheds as our environmental home and to help their viewers understand the relationship between the weather and the health and protection of the environment. Environmental impacts in many areas of the country result from the daily actions of people. We can easily see the consequences of a major oil spill at sea that is driven ashore by winds and ocean currents, but what about the fertilizer that people put on their lawns and the de-icer they apply to their driveway, or chan ...
CAgM Report, 101. Impacts of Desertification and Drought and Other Extreme Meteorological Events
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Gringof I.G.; Mersha E.; et al. - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1343)Report of the Joint Rapporteurs on the Impact of Agrometeorological Advisories and Information on Operational Aspects of Forestry Planning, with Emphasis on Wildland Fire Ecology, Including the Use of Prescribed Fire in Rangelands and Forests Preventing and Combating Wildfires in Forests and Rangelands.Agricultural Meteorology Programme (AgMP), 101. Impacts of Desertification and Drought and Other Extreme Meteorological Events
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Gringof I.G.; Mersha E.; et al. - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1343)The report starts with an overview of the desertfication and drought and then summarizes the assessment of desertification, drought And other extreme meteorological events. Next, the report gives an overview of the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and methods to mitigate the effects of drought. In conjuction with this chapter, the Annex provides a summary of the National Action Programme for India. Then, the report summarizes the actions to be taken by the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) for the UNCCD. There i ...Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM): The First Fifty Years
This brochure, prepared with input from two past presidents of CAgM, Wolfgang Baier and Kees Stigter, and the present president, Ray Motha, presents a fascinating summary of CAgM’s work over the past 50 years and I wish to thank them for their input. Sadly, Mr Baier passed away soon after submitting his contribution to this brochure and CAgM will remember his very act ive role in the Commission over the years.Suivi de la sécheresse et alerte précoce: principes, progrès et enjeux futurs
La sécheresse est un phénomène naturel dangereux de caractère insidieux, qui résulte d’une insuffisance des précipitations par rapport aux valeurs prévues ou normales; lorsqu’elle persiste durant une saison entière ou plus, cette insuffisance empêche de répondre comme il convient aux besoins des sociétés humaines et de l’environnement. La sécheresse est donc une anomalie temporaire, à la différence de l’aridité, qui est une caractéristique permanente du climat. Il faut aussi distinguer l’aridité saisonnière (c’est- à-dire une saison sèche bien définie) de la sécheresse. On confond souvent ces ...Drought Monitoring and Early Warning: Concepts, Progress, and Future Challenges
Drought is an insidious natural hazard characterized by lower than expected or lower than normal precipitation that, when extended over a season or longer period of time, is insufficient to meet the demands of human activities and the environment. Drought is a temporary aberration, unlike aridity, which is a permanent feature of climate. Seasonal aridity, that is, a well-defined dry season, also needs to be distinguished from drought, as these terms are often confused or used interchangeably. The differences need to be understood and properly incorporated in drought monitoring and early warnin ...
Preventing and mitigating natural disasters
On World Meteorological Day 2006, WMO proposes a story of confidence, planning, empowerment, positive action and hope—a
description of how the cycle of information, preparedness, survival and progress should work. This story is set in a tropical village prone to cyclones. The village is confident,
informed, organized and ready to face the challenge of the weather. The story could apply to anyone, anywhere in the world, because in this village are local citizens, visiting businessmen, tourists and others who find themselves in the path of violent weather in a place far from home. ...Comisión de Meteorología Agrícola (CMAg)
El presente folleto, que se ha preparado con la colaboración de dos antiguos presidentes de la CMAg –Wolfgang Baier y Kees Stigter– y del presidente actual –Ray Motha–, contiene un fascinante resumen de las actividades de la Comisión durante los últimos cincuenta años. Que quede constancia aquí de nuestro agradecimiento por sus aportaciones. Desgraciadamente, el Sr. Baier falleció poco después de enviar su colaboración. La CMAg recordará siempre la muy activa labor que desarrolló durante años en el seno de la Comisión.Commission de météorologie agricole (CMAg): cinquante années de météorologie agricole
Cette brochure résume les travaux passionnants qui ont été menés à bien par la CMAg depuis 50 ans. Elle a été préparée avec le concours de deux anciens présidents de la Commission, MM. Wolfgang Baier et Kees Stigter, et du président en exercice, M. Ray Motha, que nous remercions vivement pour leur collaboration. M. Baier nous a malheureusement quittés peu après avoir accompli cette tâche, mais nous n’oublierons pas le rôle précieux qu’il a joué au sein de la Commission durant toutes ces années.Vigilancia y alerta temprana de la sequía: conceptos, progresos y desafíos futuros
La sequía es un fenómeno perjudicial y subrepticio que se produce a raíz de niveles de precipitación inferiores a lo esperado o a lo normal y que, cuando se prolonga durante una estación o durante períodos más largos, hace que las precipitaciones sean insuficientes para responder a las demandas de la sociedad y del medio ambiente. La sequía es una aberración transitoria y en ello se diferencia de la aridez, que es una característica permanente del clima. La aridez estacional, es decir, una estación seca claramente demarcada, es también distinta de la sequía, aunque frecuentemente existe una co ...Facing the Facts: Assessing the Vulnerability of Africa's Water Resources to Environmental Change
UNEP, 2005Africa's high dependence on natural resources makes its people vulnerable to environmental change. Acknowledging this, UNEP and START initiated a study in Feb. 2003 - (Vulnerability of Water Resources to Environmental Change in Afica). In the publication 4 regional groups of researchers address the vulnerability issue in Southern, Eastern, Western and Northern Africa by means of selected river/lake/groundwater,basins according to natural (physuigraphic) anthropogenic (socio-economic) and management criteria. The basin was selected as a key unit for assessment because it balances resource prote ...Water and disasters: be informed and be prepared
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) - WMO, 2004 (WMO-No. 971)To reduce the risk due to water-related disasters, the watchword is to “be informed and be prepared”. Information must flow between global and local, between traditional and modern,
between the village and the boardroom, between scientists and decision makers. This booklet is an attempt in that direction, and it is hoped that national governments and all those concerned by the issue will find it useful and informative.L'eau et les catastrophes : être informé et préparé
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Stratégie Internationale pour la Prévention des Catastrophes (SIPC) - OMM, 2004 (OMM-No. 971)Pour réduire le risque de catastrophes liées à l’eau, il faut avant tout être informé et préparé. L’information doit se transmettre du niveau mondial au niveau local, de la sphère traditionnelle au monde moderne, du village à la salle du conseil d’administration, des scientifiques aux décideurs. La présente brochure a été conçue dans cette optique, et nous espérons que les gouvernements et tous ceux qui s’intéressent à ces questions la trouveront utile et instructive.Drought case study for Malawi
Munthali G.; Department of Meteorological Services, Malawi - Chancellor College, University of Malawi, 2003Extreme climate events such as droughts are very common in Malawi and yet their impacts are generally not well factored into the long term National Development Plan. Good examples of the potential hazards of extreme climatic events have been demonstrated by the impacts of the 1948/49 and 1991/92 droughts.
The overall objective of this study is therefore to assess historical droughts that had detrimental effects on the economy. Specifically it aims at developing thematic mapping of areas affected by droughts so as to identify vulnerable zones and to identify profiles of notable d ...Disaster reduction in Africa: in ISDR Informs, issue 2
UN/ISDR, 2003This special issue looks at drought risk reduction through the lens of the Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA), the global framework for disaster risk reduction. It features the excellent work being done throughout the African region and underscores the necessary holistic approach to achieve better resilience to drought in the future. This issue has been made possible by the financial contribution of ECHO.Cold Air Damming
Cold Air Damming is part of the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. This module first presents a Navy forecast scenario prior to the development of a major cold air damming (CAD) event along the east slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Then, from a conceptual standpoint, the classic CAD scenario is described in detail, both from an observational and modeling standpoint.AGM, 01. Coping with Drought in Sub-Saharan Africa : Better Use of Climate Information
This report captures the Kadoma Ranch workshop deliberations on the outcome of the survey and recommendations for a programme to address farmers' needs for information on climate and drought. The major partners who supported this work include USAID, the US Drought Mitigation Center, the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the UNCCD Global Mechanism and the Government of Zimbabwe through National Meteorological Directorate.AGM, 02. Early Warning Systems for Drought Preparedness and Drought Management
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Sivakumar Mannava V.K.; Wood Deborah A. - WMO, 2000 (WMO/TD-No. 1037)Effective drought early warning systems are an integral part of efforts worldwide to improve drought preparedness. Timely and reliable data and information must be the cornerstone of effective drought policies and plans. In pursuit of the goal of improving the effectiveness of drought early warning systems, participants of the experts meeting were asked to address three fundamental questions:
1. What is your assessment of the current status of drought early warning systems?
2. What are the shortcomings, limitations, and needs for drought early warning systems?
3. How ca ...
Early Warning Systems for Drought and Desertification: Role of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
This brochure describes the growing menace of drought and desertification. It highlights the importance of early warning systems, giving guiding principles for effective early warning. Some systems in use by National Meteorological and Hydrological Services are described.
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