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GAW Report, 204. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Air Sampling in Stainless Steel Canisters for Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Analysis
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Weiß Elisabeth; World Calibration Centre for Volatile Organic Compounds (WCC-VOCs); et al. - WMO, 2012This document gives guidance for sampling of atmospheric volatile non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in whole air using electro-polished stainless steel canisters in the WMO GAW network. The described procedures are appropriate for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds with two to six carbon atoms (C2 to C6). NMHCs with more than six carbon atoms tend to be adsorbed on the canister surfaces and may only be partially recovered. The procedures are valid for analyzing volatile alkane, alkyl and isoprene mole fractions in continental background air with mole fractio ...
GAW Report, 205. WMO/IGAC Impacts of Megacities on Air Pollution and Climate
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project (IGAC) - WMO, 2012The World Meteorological Organization and the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project have released a study of how megacities affect the climate and pollute the atmosphere. The report concludes that rapid urbanization will pose serious health risks to city dwellers unless stronger efforts are made to reduce pollution.
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Report to Congress on Black Carbon
EPA, 2012This report synthesizes and assesses available scientific information on the current and future impacts of black carbon, and evaluates the effectiveness of available black carbon mitigation approaches and technologies for protecting climate, public health, and the environment. US Environmental Protection Agency, 2012.
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Reducing Black Carbon Emissions in South Asia : low Cost Opportunities
EPA, 2012This report is intended to help achieve near-term climate and other benefits by providing information and examples of a variety of low-cost, high-impact and high feasibility opportunities to reduce black carbon emissions in South Asia. The report states this region is especially vulnerable to the multiplicity of impacts attributable to black carbon.
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CDM in Africa - Finance and Support
As early as 2006, Parties to the Kyoto Protocol recognized the importance of a balanced regional distribution of CDM projects and welcomed the establishment of the Nairobi Framework, which brings together UN and regional organizations to support equitable access to the mechanism. In light of the benefits that the CDM can bring to lesser developed regions, the Nairobi Framework partners and others began funding technical support and capacity-building programmes for the CDM, particularly in Africa. The following pages provide a short description of the most important financing and support opport ...
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Benefits of the Clean Development Mechanism 2012
This study assesses the claims made by project participants in the project design documents submitted for registration. The relative reliability of these claims, as verified by a follow-up survey, suggests that the CDM is making a contribution to sustainable development in host countries in addition to the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Almost all CDM projects claim multiple sustainable development benefits, but the mix of benefits claimed varies considerably by project type.
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The World’s Worst Pollution Problems : Assessing Health Risks at Hazardous Waste Sites
The World’s Worst Pollution Problems: Assessing Health Risks at Hazardous Waste Sites report reveals that close to 125 million people are at risk from toxic pollution across 49 low to middle-income countries. Also, the report, for the first time estimates the total global burden of disease attributed to toxic pollution from industrial sites in these countries. It establishes the global burden of disease from toxic pollution as on par with better-known public health problems such as malaria and tuberculosis.
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Green growth -- lessons from growth theory
This paper reviews dynamic general equilibrium models in order to collect insights on the interaction between economic growth and environmental issues. The authors discuss the Ramsey model and extend it for natural resource inputs and pollution, as well as for endogenous technical change. Green growth becomes within reach if there is good substitution, a clean backstop technology, a small share of natural resources in gross domestic product, and/or green directed technical change.
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Zones in relation to EU air quality thresholds, 2010 : In EEA Datasets
EEA, 2012Member States provide an annual assessment of air quality in comparison to EU air quality thresholds.
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Air & Climate: conversations about molecules and planets, with humans in between
European Commission, 2012This is a collection of conversations with some of the ‘fathers’ of air pollution and climate change science. Through careful observation and a mix of intuition and critical thought, they have uncovered some of the workings of our planet: its atmosphere and climate. They were generally driven by curiosity and gradually by a concern that mankind might indeed have a devastating impact on Earth and the life it hosts. Their findings were so important that they could not stay in the ivory tower of scientific research. They personally reached out to decision makers and the public at large because in ...
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Climate change and agriculture: can market governance mechanisms reduce emissions from the food system fairly and effectively?
Agriculture accounts for 30 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions. How agriculture is practised, therefore, has significant potential for mitigating climate change, providing food security and improving the livelihoods of food producers worldwide. There is growing interest in the use of market governance mechanisms for tackling climate change by giving the financial incentives to make the required changes. The key messages emerging from this study are that economic measures have a vital part to play, but to be effective, emissions from food production and consumption must be addressed to ...
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Progress report on the work of the Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention: report on the hands-on training workshop for the Africa region on national greenhouse gas inventories (Note by the Secretariat)
UNFCCC, 2012The Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (CGE), in collaboration with the Technical Support Unit for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, organized a hands-on training workshop for the Africa region on national greenhouse gas inventories, held in Swakopmund, Namibia, from 23 to 27 April 2012. This report outlines the proceedings of the workshop; it summarizes the feedback and recommendations from the participants of the workshop, the updated CGE training ...
Climate and clean air coalition to reduce short-lived climae pollutants (CCAC)
The Coalition's initial focus is on methane, black carbon, and HFCs. At the same time, Partners recognize that action on Short lived climate pollutants must complement and supplement, not replace, global action to reduce carbon dioxide, in particular efforts under the UNFCCC.
The Coalition's objectives are to address short lived climate pollutants by: Raising awareness of short lived climate pollutant impacts and mitigation strategies; Enhancing and developing new national and regional actions, including by identifying and overcoming barriers, enhancing capacity, and mobilizing ...
Health effects of black carbon
WHO, 2012This report presents the results of a systematic review of evidence of the health effects of black carbon (BC). The Task Force on Health agreed that a reduction in exposure to PM2.5 containing BC and other combustion-related PM material for which BC is an indirect indicator should lead to a reduction in the health effects associated with PM. The Task Force recommended that PM2.5 should continue to be used as the primary metric in quantifying human exposure to PM and the health effects of such exposure, and for predicting the benefits of exposure reduction measures. The use of BC as an addition ...
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