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Investigations of aerosol impacts on hurricanes: virtual seeding flights
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Carrio G.G.; Cotton William R. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011This paper examines the feasibility of mitigating the intensity of hurricanes by enhancing the CCN concentrations in the outer rainband region. Increasing CCN concentrations would cause a reduced collision and coalescence, resulting in more supercooled liquid water to be transported aloft which then freezes and enhances convection via enhanced latent heat of freezing. The intensified convection would condense more water ultimately enhancing precipitation in the outer rainbands. Enhanced evaporative cooling from the increased precipitation in the outer rainbands would produce stronger and more ...
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Size and time-resolved roadside enrichment of atmospheric particulate pollutants
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Amato F.; Viana M.; Richard A.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Size and time-resolved roadside enrichments of atmospheric particulate pollutants in PM10 were detected and quantified in a Mediterranean urban environment (Barcelona, Spain). Simultaneous data from one urban background (UB), one traffic (T) and one heavy traffic (HT) location were analysed, and roadside PM10 enrichments (RE) in a number of elements arising from vehicular emissions were calculated. Tracers of primary traffic emissions (EC, Fe, Ba, Cu, Sb, Cr, Sn) showed the largest REs (>70%). Other traffic tracers (Zr, Cd) showed lower but still consistent REs (25–40%), similar to those obtai ...
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Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Ci Z.J.; Zhang X.S.; Wang Z.W.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The Yellow Sea, surrounded by East China and the Korea Peninsula, is a potentially important receptor for anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions from East Asia. However, there is little documentation about the distribution and cycle of Hg in this marine system. During the cruise covering the Yellow Sea in July 2010, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM or Hg(0)) in the atmosphere, total Hg (THg), reactive Hg (RHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM, largely Hg(0)) in the waters were measured aboard the R/V Kexue III. The mean (±SD) concentration of GEM over the entire cruise was 2.61 ± 0.50 ng m−3 (ra ...
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Chemical composition and mixing-state of ice residuals sampled within mixed phase clouds
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Ebert M.; Worringen A.; Benker N.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011During an intensive campaign at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, in February/March 2006 ice particle residuals within mixed-phase clouds were sampled using the Ice-counterflow virtual impactor (Ice-CVI). Size, morphology, chemical composition, mineralogy and mixing state of the ice residual and the interstitial (i.e., non-activated) aerosol particles were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ice nuclei (IN) were identified from the significant enrichment of particle groups in the ice residual (IR) samples relative to the interstitial aerosol. In ...
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Sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the Amazon basin
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Gilardoni S.; Vignati E.; Marmer E.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The quantification of sources of carbonaceous aerosol is important to understand their atmospheric concentrations and regulating processes and to study possible effects on climate and air quality, in addition to develop mitigation strategies.
In the framework of the European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate Interactions (EUCAARI) fine (Dp < 2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5 μm < Dp <10 μm) aerosol particles were sampled from February to June (wet season) and from August to September (dry season) 2008 in the central Amazon basin. The mass of fine particles averaged 2.4 μg m−3 duri ...
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Characteristics of CALIOP attenuated backscatter noise: implication for cloud/aerosol detection
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Wu D.L.; Chae J.H.; Lambert A.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011A research algorithm is developed for noise evaluation and feature detection of the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) Level 1 (L1) backscatter data with an emphasis on cloud/aerosol features in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). CALIOP measurement noise of the version v2.01 and v2.02 L1 backscatter data aggregated to (5 km) horizontal resolution is analyzed with two approaches in this study. One is to compare the observed and modeled molecular scatter profiles by scaling the modeled profile (with a fitted scaling factor α) to the observed clear-sky ba ...
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Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen to European ecosystems: a comparison of inferential models across the NitroEurope network
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Flechard C.R.; Nemitz E.; Smith R.I.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Inferential models have long been used to determine pollutant dry deposition to ecosystems from measurements of air concentrations and as part of national and regional atmospheric chemistry and transport models, and yet models still suffer very large uncertainties. An inferential network of 55 sites throughout Europe for atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) was established in 2007, providing ambient concentrations of gaseous NH3, NO2, HNO3 and HONO and aerosol NH4+ and NO3− as part of the NitroEurope Integrated Project.
Network results providing modelled inorganic Nr dry deposition ...
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On the impacts of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the properties of the primary marine aerosol – Part 2: Composition, hygroscopicity and cloud condensation activity
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Fuentes E.; Coe H.; Green D.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The effect of nanogel colloidal and dissolved organic matter <0.2 μm, secreted by marine biota, on the hygroscopic growth and droplet activation behaviour of the primary marine aerosol was studied. Seawater proxies were prepared by the combination of artificial seawater devoid of marine organics and natural seawater enriched in organic exudate released by laboratory-grown phytoplankton cultures, as described in a companion paper. The primary aerosol was produced by bubble bursting, using a plunging multijet system as an aerosol generator.
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Cloud condensation nuclei in polluted air and biomass burning smoke near the mega-city Guangzhou, China – Part 2: Size-resolved aerosol chemical composition, diurnal cycles, and externally mixed weakly CCN-active soot particles
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Rose D.; Gunthe S.S.; Su H.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Size-resolved chemical composition, mixing state, and cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of aerosol particles in polluted mega-city air and biomass burning smoke were measured during the PRIDE-PRD2006 campaign near Guangzhou, China, using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), a volatility tandem differential mobility analyzer (VTDMA), and a continuous-flow CCN counter (DMT-CCNC).
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Photochemical processing of organic aerosol at nearby continental sites: contrast between urban plumes and regional aerosol
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Slowik J.G.; Brook J.; Chang R.Y.-W.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011As part of the BAQS-Met 2007 field campaign, Aerodyne time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometers (ToF-AMS) were deployed at two sites in southwestern Ontario from 17 June to 11 July 2007. One instrument was located at Harrow, ON, a rural, agriculture-dominated area approximately 40 km southeast of the Detroit/Windsor/Windsor urban area and 5 km north of Lake Erie. The second instrument was located at Bear Creek, ON, a rural site approximately 70 km northeast of the Harrow site and 50 km east of Detroit/Windsor. Positive matrix factorization analysis of the combined organic mass spectral dataset ...
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Concurrent observations of atomic iodine, molecular iodine and ultrafine particles in a coastal environment
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Mahajan A.S.; Sorribas M.; Gómez Martín J.C.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011Simultaneous measurements of atomic iodine (I), molecular iodine (I2) and ultrafine particles were made at O Grove, Galicia (42.50° N, 8.87° W), on the northwest coast of Spain. The observations show a strong tidal signature, and indicate that the most probable sources of reactive iodine species are the exposed macroalgae during low tide. For the first time, I2 and I were concurrently measured revealing a high average I2/I ratio of ~32, which is higher than previously inferred by modelling studies. A 1-dimensional photochemical model is employed to simulate the observations showing that the hi ...
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The effect of H2SO4 – amine clustering on chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) measurements of gas-phase sulfuric acid
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Kurtén T.; Petäjä T.; Smith J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The state-of-the art method for measuring atmospheric gas-phase sulfuric acid is chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) based on nitrate reagent ions. We have assessed the possible effect of the sulfuric acid molecules clustering with base molecules on CIMS measurements using computational chemistry. From the computational data, three conclusions can be drawn. First, a significant fraction of the gas-phase sulfuric acid molecules are very likely clustered with amines if the amine concentration is around or above a few ppt. Second, some fraction of these acid-amine clusters may not be cha ...
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Origin and radiative forcing of black carbon transported to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Kopacz M.; Mauzerall D.L.; Wang J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The remote and high elevation regions of central Asia are influenced by black carbon (BC) emissions from a variety of locations. BC deposition contributes to melting of glaciers and questions exist, of both scientific and policy interest, as to the origin of the BC reaching the glaciers. We use the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem model to identify the location from which BC arriving at a variety of locations in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau originates. We then calculate its direct and snow-albedo radiative forcing. We analyze the seasonal variation in the origin of BC using an adjoint sensitivity ...
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Size dependence of volume and surface nucleation rates for homogeneous freezing of supercooled water droplets
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Kuhn T.; Earle M.E.; Khalizov A.F.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The relative roles of volume and surface nucleation were investigated for the homogeneous freezing of pure water droplets. Experiments were carried out in a cryogenic laminar aerosol flow tube using supercooled water aerosols with maximum volume densities at radii between 1 and 3 μm. Temperature- and size-dependent values of volume- and surface-based homogeneous nucleation rates between 234.8 and 236.2 K were derived using a microphysical model and aerosol phase compositions and size distributions determined from infrared extinction measurements in the flow tube. The results show that the cont ...
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Comparison of ambient aerosol extinction coefficients obtained from in-situ, MAX-DOAS and LIDAR measurements at Cabauw
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Zieger P.; Weingartner E.; Henzing J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011In the field, aerosol in-situ measurements are often performed under dry conditions (relative humidity RH<30–40%). Since ambient aerosol particles experience hygroscopic growth at enhanced RH, their microphysical and optical properties – especially the aerosol light scattering – are also strongly dependent on RH. The knowledge of this RH effect is of crucial importance for climate forcing calculations or for the comparison of remote sensing with in-situ measurements. Here, we will present results from a four-month campaign which took place in summer 2009 in Cabauw, The Netherlands. The aerosol ...
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Comparison of ambient aerosol extinction coefficients obtained from in-situ, MAX-DOAS and LIDAR measurements at Cabauw
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Zieger P.; Weingartner E.; Henzing J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011In the field, aerosol in-situ measurements are often performed under dry conditions (relative humidity RH<30–40%). Since ambient aerosol particles experience hygroscopic growth at enhanced RH, their microphysical and optical properties – especially the aerosol light scattering – are also strongly dependent on RH. The knowledge of this RH effect is of crucial importance for climate forcing calculations or for the comparison of remote sensing with in-situ measurements. Here, we will present results from a four-month campaign which took place in summer 2009 in Cabauw, The Netherlands. The aerosol ...
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Origin and radiative forcing of black carbon transported to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP), Vol. 11. N° 3. Kopacz M.; Mauzerall D.L.; Wang J.; et al. - Copernicus GmbH, 2011The remote and high elevation regions of central Asia are influenced by black carbon (BC) emissions from a variety of locations. BC deposition contributes to melting of glaciers and questions exist, of both scientific and policy interest, as to the origin of the BC reaching the glaciers. We use the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem model to identify the location from which BC arriving at a variety of locations in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau originates. We then calculate its direct and snow-albedo radiative forcing. We analyze the seasonal variation in the origin of BC using an adjoint sensitivity ...
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Cumulative carbon emissions, emissions floors and short-term rates of warming: implications for policy
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 369. N° 1934. Bowerman Niel H.A.; Frame David J.; Huntingford Chris; et al. - The Royal Society, 2011A number of recent studies have found a strong link between peak human-induced global warming and cumulative carbon emissions from the start of the industrial revolution, while the link to emissions over shorter periods or in the years 2020 or 2050 is generally weaker. However, cumulative targets appear to conflict with the concept of a ‘floor’ in emissions caused by sectors such as food production. Here, we show that the introduction of emissions floors does not reduce the importance of cumulative emissions, but may make some warming targets unachievable. For pathways that give a most likely ...
The BioCarbon Fund Experience: insights from Afforestation/Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism Projects
The report is an effort to inform project developers and policy-makers about the main lessons learned by the BioCarbon Fund while accompanying the development of more than 20 A/R CDM forest projects in 16 countries since it started operations in 2004. It sheds light on opportunities the CDM offers to the forestry sector and also on the challenges encountered by project developers when complying with the regulatory requirements. The report concludes with recommendations for policy-makers on how current rules could be made more pragmatic to better match the realities of this type of projects on ...
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Real-time evaluation of Norway’s international climate and forest initiative, contributions to national REDD+ processes 2007-2010: country report: Tanzania
In April 2008, Norway and Tanzania signed a letter of intent on a climate change partnership focused on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). The current paper reviews Norwegian-supported programmes on adaptation and mitigation of climate change in Tanzania, trying to find out how fruitful this partnership has been.
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Real-time evaluation of Norway’s international climate and forest initiative : contributions to national REDD+ Processes 2007-2010, country report - Democratic Republic of Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a high forest cover – low deforestation rate country emerging from a long period of political and civil instability that eroded public and social institutions. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the Norwegian support to the formulation and implementation of a national strategy for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) in DRC.
Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - WMO, 2011 (WMO-No. 1073)Scientific evidence and new analyses demonstrate that control of black carbon particles and tropospheric ozone through rapid implementation of proven emission reduction measures would have immediate and multiple benefits for human well-being.Black carbon exists as particles in the atmosphere and is a major component of soot, it has significant human health and climate impacts.
Climate Change, Double Injustice and Social Policy: A Case Study of the United Kingdom
The groups and populations likely to be most harmed by climate change are the least responsible for causing it and have the least resources to cope with the consequences—this is the "double injustice". It forms the background to climate negotiations between governments representing countries of the North and the South, but it also occurs within nations across the world. In light of this phenomenon, what are the distributional implications of current, fairly ambitious, policies to decarbonize the economy? Based on research within rich countries of the Organisation for Economic Development and C ...
EEA technical report, 15. Revealing the costs of air pollution from industrial facilities in Europe
EEA, 2011This European Environment Agency (EEA) report assesses the damage costs to health and the environment resulting from pollutants emitted from industrial facilities. It is based on the latest information, namely for 2009, publicly available through the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR, 2011) in line with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Aarhus Convention regarding access to environmental information.
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Investment-grade climate change policy : financing the transition to the low-carbon economy
UNEP FI, 2011This report has been commissioned by the three major investor climate change networks (the European-based Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change (IIGCC), the North Americanbased Investor Network on Climate Risk (INCR), and the Investor Group on Climate Change Australia/New Zealand (IGCC)) and the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI). These groups, and their members, are concerned about climate change because of the potential for climate change to have major negative impacts on the economic systems they operate in and, in turn, on the assets in which they i ...
Greenhouse gas emission trends and projections in Europe 2011 - Tracking progress towards Kyoto and 2020 targets
EEA, 2011This report presents an overview of the progress achieved so far by the EU, its Member States and other EEA member countries towards their respective targets under the Kyoto Protocol and the EU burden-sharing agreement, as well as 2020 targets set at EU level. The assessment is based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data in Europe for the period 2008–2010, including recent EEA estimates of proxy 2010 GHG emissions.
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Real-time evaluation of Norway’s international climate and forest initiative : contributions to a Global REDD+ Regime 2007-2010
The Norwegian Government launched its International Climate and Forest Initiative in December 2007, aiming at reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD). In order to assess the results of the Initiative with regard to its objectives, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) organised a real-time evaluation starting in early 2010. This fact sheet demonstrates the objectives, scope, process and principles of that evaluation.
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Kyoto City to Reduce Greenhouse Gases by 40% by Fiscal 2030
JFS, 2011Kyoto City passed a proposed ordinance to completely revise the Kyoto City Global Warming Countermeasure Ordinance on September 29, 2010, and promulgated the new ordinance on October 12. The city aims to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 40 percent compared to 1990 levels by fiscal 2030, and by 25 percent by fiscal 2020.
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State of Europe's Forests 2011 Report - summary for policy makers : Status & Trends in Sustainable Forest Management in Europe
Forest Europe, 2011The Summary for policy makers presents a compact and comprehensive overview of status and trends, as well as challenges and opportunities for forests, forest policy and forest management in Europe.
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State of Europe's Forests 2011 Report : Status & Trends in Sustainable Forest Management in Europe
Forest Europe, 2011The State of Europe’s Forests 2011 report provides a comprehensive, up-to-date description of the status and trends of forests and forest management in Europe. The report aims to stimulate sound policy decisions on forests and forest-related issues in Europe by providing objective and harmonized data for FOREST EUROPE’s Signatories
NEC Directive status report 2010 : Reporting by the Member States under Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants
EEA, 2011This report documents the most recent emissions and projections information provided by the Member States of the European Union under the National Emission Ceilings Directive (NECD) (1) at the end of 2010.
The directive requires all 27 Member States to report information annually concerning emissions and projections for four main air pollutants: nitrogen oxides (NOX), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and ammonia (NH3). These pollutants harm both human health and the environment by contributing to the formation of ozone and particulate matter and by ...
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 1. Preparing Low-emission and Climate-Resilient Development Strategies (LECRDS) : Summary report
UNDP, 2011This report serves as the Executive Summary to a series of manuals and guidebooks that UNDP is offering in support of LECRDS. It provides a brief outline of the approach and methodologies that these materials treat in detail.
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Arctic Pollution 2011
AMAP, 2011
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Arctic Pollution 2011
AMAP, 2011
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京都市、温室効果ガスを2030年度までに1990年度比で40％削減へ
JFS, 2011Le 29 septembre 2010, la ville de Kyoto a adopté un arrêté amendant la totalité des arrêtés concernant les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et l'a promu le 12 octobre. La ville a pour objectif une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 25% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2020 et de 40% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2030
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Ville de Kyoto: vers une réduction de 40% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport à 1990 avant 2030
JFS, 2011Le 29 septembre 2010, la ville de Kyoto a adopté un arrêté amendant la totalité des arrêtés concernant les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et l'a promu le 12 octobre. La ville a pour objectif une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 25% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2020 et de 40% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2030
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- Winter 2009/2010 - Climate change: looking beyong Copenhagen
is an issue of Options. IIASA, 2010Contains:
- Cutting emissions by 2020 Pages 16-17
- Energy and climate change Pages 14-15
- Insurance for extreme climatic events Pages 12-13
- Stopping deforestation Pages 9, 21
Formation and Transport of Aerosols in Tokyo in Relation to Their Physical and Chemical Properties: a Review
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, Vol. 88. No 4. Kondo Yutaka; Takegawa Nobuyuki; Matsui Hitoshi - Meteorological Society of Japan, 2010Large amounts of reactive gases and aerosols are emitted from urban areas. Megacities, including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA), are very large, concentrated sources of these species affecting local, regional, and global ozone (O3) and aerosol levels. Emissions strongly influence air quality and climate on these scales. In 2003-2004, we made intensive measurements of O3 and chemical composition of aerosol particles with diameters less than 1 µm (PM1 aerosol) together with their precursors for the first time in Tokyo, Japan, as a part of the series of Integrated Measurement Program for Aeros ...
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Analysis of South Asian Monsoons within the Context of Increasing Regional Black Carbon Aerosols
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Mahmood Rashed; Yao Jin-Feng - Science Press, 2010South Asian monsoons were analyzed within the context of increasing emissions of black carbon (BC) aerosols using a global atmospheric general circulation model. The BC aerosols were allowed to increase only over the south Asian domain to analyze the impacts of regional black carbon over the climatological patterns of monsoons. The black carbon significantly absorbed the incoming short wave radiation in the atmosphere, a result that is consistent with previous studies. Pre-monsoon (March-April-May) rainfall showed positive anomalies, particularly for some coastal regions of India. The summer ( ...
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Aerosol Indirect Effects on Warm Clouds in the Grid-Point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL)
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 4. Shi Xiang-Jun; Wang Bin; Liu Xiao-Hong; et al. - Science Press, 2010Aerosol indirect effects on warm clouds are estimated in the Grid-point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL) with a new two-moment cloud microphysics scheme using two different physically-based aerosol activation parameterizations: Abdul-Razzak and Ghan, and Nenes and Seinfeld. The annual global mean changes in shortwave cloud forcing from preindustrial times to present day (a measure of the aerosol indirect effects) estimated from these two parameterizations are remarkably similar: 0.76 W m-2 with the Abdul-Razzak and Ghan parameterization, and 0.78 W m-2 with the Nenes and Seinfeld paramete ...
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Volume 3 Number 4 - 16 July 2010
is an issue of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters. Science Press, 2010
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Volume 3 Number 3 - 16 May 2010
is an issue of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters. Science Press, 2010Contains:
- Analysis of a Beijing Heavy Snowfall Related to an Inverted Trough in November 2009
LI Jin,ZHAO Si-Xiong,YU Fei
- Comparative Studies of Different Mesoscale Convection Parameterization Schemes in the Simulation of Mei-Yu Front Heavy Rain
PING Fan,LUO Zhe-Xian
- An Improved Atmospheric Vector Radiative Transfer Model Incorporating Rough Ocean Boundaries
FAN Xue-Hua,CHEN Hong-Bin,HAN Zhi-Gang,LIN Long-Fu
- A Case Study of the Impacts of Dust Aerosols on Surface Atmospheric Variables and Energy Budgets in ...
The Emissions Gap Report : are the Copenhagen Accord Pledges Sufficient to Limit Global Warming to 2° C or 1.5° C? A preliminary assessment
UNEP, 2010Climate change represents one of the greatest challenges but also an inordinate opportunity to catalyze a transition to a low-carbon, resource efficient Green Economy.
This report informs governments and the wider community on how far a response to climate change has progressed over the past 12 months, and thus how far the world is on track to meet wider goals,.
The pledges associated with the Copenhagen Accord of 2009 are the point of departure for this report. What might be achieved in terms of limiting a global temperature rise to 2ºC or less in the 21st centur ...
AMAP Assessment 2007 : oil and gas activities in the Arctic - effects and potential effects, volume two
AMAP, 2010
AMAP Assessment 2007 : oil and gas activities in the Arctic - effects and potential effects, volume one
AMAP, 2010
Air pollution — SOER 2010 thematic assessment
European Commission, 2010Emissions of air pollutants derive from almost all economic and societal activities. They result in clear risks to human health and ecosystems. In Europe, policies and actions at all levels have greatly reduced anthropogenic emissions and exposure but some air pollutants still harm human health. Similarly, as emissions of acidifying pollutants have reduced, the situation for Europe's rivers and lakes has improved but atmospheric nitrogen oversupply still threatens biodiversity in sensitive terrestrial and water ecosystems. The movement of atmospheric pollution between continents attracts incre ...
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Developing the science, economics and governance of ecosystem service payments: a contribution to Norway’s support of REDD
This document reports on a workshop, hosted by Sokoine University in Tanzania and commissioned by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad). The workshop tackled the issue of developing ecosystem service payments in Africa in the context of Norway’s support of REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) initiatives.
GAW Report, 192. Guidelines for the Measurement of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide
The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) aims at providing reliable long-term observations of the chemical composition and physical properties of the atmosphere that are relevant for understanding atmospheric chemistry and climate change. Reactive gases are one of the foci of the GAW programme. This group includes carbon monoxide (CO), which is present only in trace quantities in the atmosphere but plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Compatibility of data from different observational platforms and sites is of crucial importance fo ...
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 2. Charting a New Carbon Route to Development
UNDP, 2009Integrated climate change planning - a how-to guide for local and regional policy-makers on planning a low-carbon future. This document focuses on the importance of full engagement of sub-national authorities to comprehensively address climate change and suggests that taking the necessary action to tackle climate change will be more effective if it helps address local development issues.
GAW Report, 187. Joint report of COST Action 728 and GURME - Review of the capabilities of meteorological and chemistry-transport Models for describing and predicting air pollution episodes
This report forms the first deliverable of Working Group 3 of the COST Action 728 on “Enhancing Mesoscale Meteorological Modelling Capabilities for Air Pollution and Dispersion
Applications”. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the current capabilities and applications of mesoscale modelling systems for describing and predicting air quality and related meteorological conditions. The applications are discussed from the perspective of meteorology, which is in line with the main aim of the COST 728 Action.
Weather and the Built Environment
This short course provides broadcast meteorologists, educators, and the public with an overview of the evolution of our modern urban environment with a focus on impacts on the urban watershed, air quality, and climate. This course complements the course Watersheds: Connecting Weather to the Environment and both are part of the Earth Gauge™ environmental curriculum for weathercasters and educators. This curriculum is being developed by the National Environmental Education Foundation (NEEF). [See http://www.earthgauge.net/wp/] Unit 1, Where We Live, takes a look at past and current U.S. growth p ...
GOES-R: Benefits of Next-Generation Environmental Monitoring
This module is an introduction to NOAA's next generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) series, focusing on the value and anticipated benefits derived from an enhanced suite of instruments for improved monitoring of meteorological, environmental, climate, and space weather phenomena and related hazards. An extensive set of visualizations highlight GOES-R and its advanced observing capabilities for providing support in thirteen key environmental application areas including air quality and visibility, climate, cloud icing, fires, hurricanes, land cover, lightning, l ...
Enhancement of greenhouse gas sinks : a Canadian science assessment
"The Program of Energy Research and Development [PERD] decided to conclude its funding of research into greenhouse-gas sinks at the end of the 2006-07 fiscal year."--Page 10 of 112.
Amélioration des puits de gaz à effet de serre : évaluation scientifique du Canada
Hengeveld Henry - Environnement Canada, 2008
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51 - Decmber 2007 - Highly developed precise analysis of atmospheric and oceanic sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and evaluation of SF6 standard gas stability
is an issue of 気象研究所技術報告. Tokieda Takayuki; Ishii Masao; Saito Shu; et al. - Meteorological Research Institute, 2007
Atmospheric Monitoring and Inverse Modelling for Verification of National and EU bottom-up GHG inventories : report of the Workshop "Atmospheric Monitoring and Inverse Modelling for Verification of National and EU Bottom-up GHG Inventories" under the Mandate of Climate Change Committee Working Group I, Casa Don Guanella, Ispra, Italy (08-09 March 2007)
The workshop "Atmospheric monitoring and inverse modelling for verification of national and EU bottom-up GHG inventories" was held on 08-09 March 2007 in Ispra, Italy, under the mandate of European Climate Change Committee Working Group 1, as follow-up of a first workshop on 23-24 October 2003. This report presents the summary and conclusions of the workshop and summaries of all workshop presentations.
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Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer - seventh edition
UNEP, 2006Since 1991 the publication of the Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987) has proved to be an invaluable reference source for the decisions the Parties have made in the process of developing the ozone regime. The Handbook itself is published in response to the Parties’ decision (made in 1990) requesting the Secretariat to publish and update regularly a Handbook, setting out the Protocol, as adjusted and amended, together with the decisions of the Parties and other relevant material. Since then, the Protocol has been adjusted on six occasions and ame ...
Use of chlorofluorocarbons in hydrology : a guidebook
IAEA, 2006Development of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) technique as a tool for dating groundwater has occurred over the past 20 years, and a number of research publications have documented its use in specific aquifers. This publication is intended to facilitate a comparative analysis of CFC and isotope techniques and a wider use of the CFC technique under appropriate conditions, by providing a description of its scientific basis, sampling and measurement methods, interpretation and limitations of data, and a variety of case studies.
IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories
IPCC, 2006With
- Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (English (Vol.1, Vol.2, Vol.3), French, Russian, Spanish (Vol.2 only))
- Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management
in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish)
- Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish)
GAW Report, 167. The German contribution to WMO GAW programme
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Umwelt Bundes Amt für Mensch und Unwelt ; Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) - WMO, 2006 (WMO/TD-No. 1336)
IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Volume 3 Industrial Processes and Product Use
IPCC, 2006
GAW Report, 162. WMO/GAW Experts Workshop on a Global Surface-Based Network for Long Term Observations of Column Aerosol Optical Properties
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Barrie Leonard A.; Wehrli C. - WMO, 2005 (WMO/TD-No. 1287)
IPCC/TEAP special report on safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate system, issues related to hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons: summary for policymakers and technical summary
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - IPCC, 2005
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 4. Managing the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Process
UNDP, 2005The handbook was developed by UNDP with input from a wide range of institutions and national experts from Annex I and non-Annex I Parties. The objective of the handbook is to provide non-Annex I Parties with a strategic and logical approach to a sustainable inventory process.
IPCC/TEAP special report on safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate system : issues related to hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - IPCC, 2005'Prepared by Working Groups I and III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and the Technical and Economic Assessment Panel." "The volume includes a Summary for policymakers approved by governments represented in the IPCC, and a Technical summary"--Half-title.
Rapport spécial du GIEC et du GETE Préservation de la couche d’ozone et du système climatique planétaire, questions relatives aux hydrofluorocarbures et aux hydrocarbures perfluorés: résumé à l’intention des décideurs et résumé technique
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE); Groupe d'Experts Intergouvernemental sur l'Evolution du Climat (GIEC) - GIEC, 2005
التقرير الخاص لفريق التقييم التكنولوجي الاقتصادي TEAP التابع للهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ (IPCC) والخاص بحماية طبقة الأوزون والنظام المناخي العالمي، القضايا المتعلقة بمركبات الهيدروكربون الفلورية والمواد الكربونية الفلورية المشبعة: ملخص لصانعي السياسات والملخص الفني
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; برنامج الأمم المتحدة للبيئة ; الهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ - الهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخ, 2005
Специальный доклад МГЭИК/ТЕАП Охрана озонового слоя и глобальной климатической системы, вопросы, связанные с гидрофторуглеродами и перфторуглеродами: резюме для лиц, определяющих политику, и техническое резюме
IPCC, 2005
Informe especial IPCC/GETE sobre La protección de la capa de ozono y el sistema climático mundial, cuestiones relativas a los hidrofluorocarbonos y a los perfluorocarbonos: resumen para responsables de políticas y resumen técnico
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático (IPCC); Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA) - IPCC, 2005
Management strategies in agriculture and forestry for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate variability and climate change : report of the CAgM-XII Working Group
This report presents examples of the impacts of adaptation strategies required for reducing vulnerability of agriculture and forestry to climate variability and climate change. It also presents information on the impacts of the conversion of forests into crop and rangelands and also examples of the impact of management strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from agroecosystems.
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Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone Layer. 2002 Report of the Halons Technical Options Committee (HTOC) : 2002 Assessment
UNEP, 2003This Report reveals efforts of the Halons Technical Options Committee (HTOC) to identify, develop and test alternatives that can used in place of the halons. Under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete The Ozone Layer, the use of halons is being phased out in industries such as: merchant shipping, oil and gas production, and in civil aviation, as well as in the military, for explosion suppression, and in countries with economies in transition. The report reveals the progress that has been made towards the objective of reducing the need for halons, and discusses some of the problems ...
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Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer. 2002 Report of the Aerosols, Sterilants, Miscellaneous Uses and Carbon Tetrachloride Technical Options Committee (ATOC) : 2002 Assessment
UNEP, 2003In response to the scientific consensus that chlorofluorocarbons and halons deplete the ozone layer, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) enacted the Montreal Protocol as the principal legal document to authorize the fight to reduce the production of substances that deplete the ozone layer. This document presents an assessment report compiled by the Sterilants, Miscellaneous Uses and Carbon Tetrachloride Technical Options Committee, and reveals the progress made in efforts to phase out the consumption of chlorofluorocarbons commonly used in aerosol sprays. It also puts forward recom ...
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Economic instruments for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions
The Royal Society, 2002The need to reduce anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere – notably carbon dioxide (CO2) – is crucial to slowing down the rate of global climate change. Governments can reduce these emissions by advocacy, by regulation and by the application of economic instruments. Economic analysis shows convincingly that placing primary emphasis on the use of economic instruments provides the most
cost-effective route for such emission reduction. In this report we consider two generic types of economic instrument that could provide the most effective solution to rising CO2 em ...
Bilan 2001 des changements climatiques : mesures d’atténuation. Résumés du Groupe de travail III du GIEC
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE); Groupe d'Experts Intergouvernemental sur l'Evolution du Climat (GIEC) - GIEC, 2001
Climate Change 2001 : mitigation
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - IPCC, 2001
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