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Climate Change and freshwater resources : a synthesis of adaptation actions undertaken by Nairobi work programme partner organizations
UNFCCC, 2011This publication was developed in collaboration with the Global Water Partnership 1 (GWP), a Nairobi work programme partner organization that has pledged to support the integration of water security and climate change into development planning and decision making processes through enhanced technical and institutional capacity, and predictable financing for water security and climate change adaptation. GWP played a significant role in synthesizing inputs provided by Nairobi work programme partner organizations as part of its 2011 Action Pledge.
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Building Resilience, the future for rural livelihoods in the face of climate change : (Cambodia Human Development Report 2011)
UNDP, 2011The Cambodia Human Development Report is about people’s well-being. This is an in-depth, national policy analysis document. This report will inform Cambodia’s responses to the development challenges of climate change at all levels, changing people’s perceptions of what this will mean for their futures.
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Thematic highlight - Climate Change and Local Action : (Cambodia Human Development Report 2011)
UNDP, 2011Current vulnerabilities and climate change impacts vary across diff erent parts of the country. These highly localised aspects of climate change require actions that are tailored to local needs and circumstances, with meaningful participation of local people. As Cambodia goes through a critical period in implementation of public administration reforms and expansion of the process of decentralization and deconcentration in accordance with the Organic Law (2008), there exists a great opportunity to think through what it would mean to address climate change at sub-national level.
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Thematic highlight - Water : (Cambodia Human Development Report 2011)
UNDP, 2011Water is fundamental to all aspects of human and economic development, encompassing agriculture, fi sheries, forestry, health and disasters. The central importance of water for meeting social and economic development objectives and the anticipated impacts of climate change are such that across the globe, many of the eff ects of climate change will be felt through water (World Bank 2010). This is especially true for Cambodia.
At the crossroads : climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Asia and the Pacific
UN/ISDR, 2011This report was prepared to provide a snapshot of how disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) are undertaken and integrated, if at all, in the Asia Pacific region. It does so by taking stock of past and ongoing regional initiatives and by looking into the role of certain organizations in the implementation process. It also discusses key developments in three areas—political, policy and institutional—which are instrumental in facilitating the integration of DRR and CCA agendas in the region. Concluding remarks and next steps to push the integration forward are presente ...
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Water adaptation in Africa
The continent of Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, mostly through the medium of water. The continent has always had unpredictable rainfall and climate patterns which will be made worse by future climate change, leading to serious impacts on continental social and economic development. Africa is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture and fluctuations in rainfall can have significant impacts on food production and security. This briefing discusses the adaptation of Africa’s water resource management to climate change.
The briefing explains that the ...
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CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship working paper series, 7. Current and potential applications of typologies in vulnerability assessments and adaptation science
Typologies are a systematic grouping of entities or units of interest based on similarity. Typologies are widely applied in a variety of domains of research and practice including natural resource management, agriculture, health, marketing and development. They are used mainly to reduce complexity in the domain of concern to improve understanding and communication, detect patterns, aid decisions, prioritise and allocate resources, and tailor a variety of activities, strategies and processes. In this paper, we assess the current use of typologies within the realm of climate vulnerability assess ...
Environment and security in the AMU Darya Basin
UNEP, 2011The report highlights water, agriculture, energy and climate change issues in Central Asia’s Amu Darya River Basin.
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Kyoto City to Reduce Greenhouse Gases by 40% by Fiscal 2030
JFS, 2011Kyoto City passed a proposed ordinance to completely revise the Kyoto City Global Warming Countermeasure Ordinance on September 29, 2010, and promulgated the new ordinance on October 12. The city aims to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) by 40 percent compared to 1990 levels by fiscal 2030, and by 25 percent by fiscal 2020.
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Reconciling anthropogenic climate change with observed temperature 1998–2008
Given the widely noted increase in the warming effects of rising greenhouse gas concentrations, it has been unclear why global surface temperatures did not rise between 1998 and 2008. We find that this hiatus in warming coincides with a period of little increase in the sum of anthropogenic and natural forcings. Declining solar insolation as part of a normal eleven-year cycle, and a cyclical change from an El Nino to a La Nina dominate our measure of anthropogenic effects because rapid growth in short-lived sulfur emissions partially offsets rising greenhouse gas concentrations. As such, we fin ...
Safe water and healthy water services in a changing environment
EEA, 2011This report summarises existing knowledge of climate change impacts on water services and health; the nature and effectiveness of the policy response; and the coverage and gaps in existing assessments of these themes.
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Cities and Climate Change: an urgent agenda
World Bank, 2011The report, Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda, says that up to 80 percent of the expected $80 billion to $100 billion per year in climate change adaptation costs will likely be borne by urban areas. Nevertheless, says the report, climate change offers cities opportunities to alter course, implement smart policies, and develop sustainable communities. Well managed, dense cities are also shown to be the most important pre-requisite to mitigation of GHG emissions and overall sustainable development.
Climate change: Key terms in 23 languages
European Commission, 2011Climate change is one of the major global challenges of today. Many related concepts and terms exist primarily in English and have not been previously used in other EU languages. This glossary, produced by the Council's Translation Department, contains explanations of key terms on climate change and their translation in the 23 official EU languages
High-level Taskforce towards the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). Climate knowledge for action : a global framework for climate services and empowering the most vulnerable
Climate is a critical factor in the lives and livelihoods of all people and in development. This report proposes how a global system for the provision of climate services can be set up over the next few years that will protect the jobs and homes of vulnerable people.
To develop a global framework for climate services, it will be essential to build upon many of the capabilities and shared responsibilities which are already in place today. The paper provides the following conclusions:
- efforts to provide effective climate services globally will only be successful if capacity is s ...
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State of Europe's Forests 2011 Report - summary for policy makers : Status & Trends in Sustainable Forest Management in Europe
Forest Europe, 2011The Summary for policy makers presents a compact and comprehensive overview of status and trends, as well as challenges and opportunities for forests, forest policy and forest management in Europe.
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State of Europe's Forests 2011 Report : Status & Trends in Sustainable Forest Management in Europe
Forest Europe, 2011The State of Europe’s Forests 2011 report provides a comprehensive, up-to-date description of the status and trends of forests and forest management in Europe. The report aims to stimulate sound policy decisions on forests and forest-related issues in Europe by providing objective and harmonized data for FOREST EUROPE’s Signatories
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World in transition, a social contract for sustainability : summary for policy-makers
WBGU, 2011In this report, the WBGU explains the reasons for the desperate need for a post-fossil economic strategy, yet it also concludes that the transition to sustainability is achievable, and presents ten concrete packages of measures to accelerate the imperative restructuring. If the transformation really is to succeed, we have to enter into a social contract for innovation, in the form of a new kind of discourse between governments and citizens, both within and beyond the boundaries of the nation state.
Agricultural Meteorology Programme (AgMP). Climate Change: Impacts on Global Agriculture
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; International Federation of Agricultural Producers (IFAP) - WMO, 2011At the simplest level, weather is what is happening to the atmosphere at any given time. Climate is a measure of what to expect in any month, season or year, and is arrived at using statistics built up from observations over many years. All aspects of the Earth’s climate – the wind, rain, clouds and temperature – are the result of energy transfers and transformations within the atmosphere, at the Earth’s surface and in the oceans.
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 9. Catalyzing Climate Finance : a Guidebook on Policy and Financing Options to Support Green, Low-Emission and Climate-Resilient Development
UNDP, 2011This guidebook is offered as a primer to countries to enable them to better assess the level and nature of assistance they will require to catalyze climate capital based on their unique set of national, regional and local circumstances.
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 3. Formulating Climate Change Scenarios to Inform Climate - Resilient Development Strategies : a Guidebook for Practitioners
UNDP, 2011This guidebook builds on a large range of UNDP’s ongoing initiatives to support adaptation to climate change. This series is intended to empower decision makers to take action, and to prepare their territories to adapt, and hopefully thrive, under changing climatic conditions.
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 1. Preparing Low-emission and Climate-Resilient Development Strategies (LECRDS) : Summary report
UNDP, 2011This report serves as the Executive Summary to a series of manuals and guidebooks that UNDP is offering in support of LECRDS. It provides a brief outline of the approach and methodologies that these materials treat in detail.
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Distributional implications of climate change in India
Global warming is expected to heavily impact agriculture, the dominant source of livelihood for the world's poor. Yet, little is known about the distributional implications of climate change at the sub-national level. Using a simple comparative statics framework, this paper analyzes how changes in the prices of land, labor, and food induced by modest temperature increases over the next three decades will affect household-level welfare in India. The authors predict a substantial fall in agricultural productivity, even allowing for farmer adaptation. Yet, this decline will not translate into a s ...
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The poverty impacts of climate change : a review of the evidence
Climate change is believed to represent a serious challenge to poverty reduction efforts around the globe. This paper conducts an up-to-date review of three main strands of the literature analyzing the poverty impacts of climate change : (i) economy-wide growth models incorporating climate change impacts to work out consistent scenarios for how climate change might affect the path of poverty over the next decades; (ii) studies focusing on the poverty impacts of climate change in the agricultural sector; and (iii) studies exploring how past climate variability impacts poverty. The analysis find ...
Pacific Labour Market Scenarios. Economic Crisis, Climate Change & Decent Work
Eight ILO Member States are located in the Pacific region. Due to their geographic isolation, small populations and domestic markets, and vulnerability to external shocks,these countries face a number of socio-economic challenges. Against this context, as well as the Global Financial and Economic Crisis (GFEC) and climate change, this report examines possible labour market scenarios and discusses relevant policy responses.
Discussion Paper Series, 1. Africa Adaptation Programme Experiences: Gender and Climate Change : advancing development through an integrated gender perspective
UNDP, 2011This is the first edition of the Africa Adaptation Programme (AAP) Discussion Paper Series. This paper focuses on the links between gender and climate change adaptation by highlighting the steps that the AAP is taking to ensure the equal participation of women and all members of society in responding to climate change.
Practitioners and Policy-makers Exchange on Adaptation in Agriculture : Frequently Asked Questions Booklet
UNDP, 2011The 'Practitioners and Policy makers Exchange on Climate Change Adaptation in Agriculture', which was held in Bangkok in 2010, facilitated the transfer of knowledge gained from increasing experience with climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector. The FAQ booklet captures participants’ questions related to climate-resilient farming practices, Adaptation Financing, and knowledge sharing.
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Adapting to Climate Change : UNDP-GEF Initiatives Financed by the Least Developed Countries Fund, Special Climate Change Fund and Strategic Priority on Adaptation
UNDP, 2011The Report showcases the UNDP-GEF adaptation portfolio, focusing on both the principles underlying the UNDP-GEF approach to adaptation programming and the key processes involved in removing barriers to successful adaptation measures. The report highlights emerging achievements of UNDP-GEF initiatives around the world and explores the future of low-emission climate-resilient development.
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Mitigating Climate Change through Restoration and Management of Coastal Wetlands and Near-shore Marine Ecosystems : Challenges and Opportunities
The technical report, prepared by Stephen Crooks, Dorothee Herr, Jerker Tamelander, Dan Laffoley and Justin Vandever, consolidates information from the literature and provides analysis on the climate change mitigation potential of seagrasses and coastal wetlands, including coastal peats, tidal freshwater wetlands, salt marshes and mangroves (see Annex 2). The numbers in this full technical report have been adjusted since the synthesis note, produced while the study was in progress, was released in Cancun. The calculations of emissions are ballpark, but reasonable, and represent an order of mag ...
Energy Security in South America and Southern Africa: Synthesis Report
This briefing stems from a project that focused on electricity supply and the extent to which it’s traded within Southern Africa and South America. Within this the current and projected regional energy production mixes were established and since concerns over climate change are finding their way into many aspects of economic growth and development the project also explored the role that the regional ‘anchor states’ (South Africa and Brazil respectively) are likely to play in securing the future balance in light of climate change and related mitigation imperatives.
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AGM, 11. Agricultural drought indices : proceedings of an expert meeting
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Motha Raymond P.; Wilhite Donald A.; et al. - WMO, 2011 (WMO/TD-No. 1572)The Murcia Expert Meeting is based on the outcomes of the Regional Workshop on Indices and Early Warning Systems for Drought which was held at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in December, 2009. At the Lincoln workshop, drought experts examined what indices are used for meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought and developed the Lincoln Declaration on Drought Indices. There was a consensus agreement that the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) should be used to characterize meteorological droughts by all NMHSs around the world. Several other of the recommendations formt eh Lin ...
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Cities of the future — how will European cities adapt to new climate conditions?
EEA, 2011Cities and towns are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and will need to find innovative ways to adapt. Now is the time to start rethinking urban design and management — yet few have taken concrete action.
Climate for you
Through a wide variety of proxy records, including ice cores, tree rings, sediments, corals, rocks and fossils, among others, the modern science of paleoclimatology reveals that climate variability and change were present on our planet long before our ancestors. More recently, there are several references in our recorded history to unusual periods in some parts of the world, such as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and the subsequent Little Ice Age, as well as exceptional events like the “year without a summer” of 1816, attributed to the colossal 1815 Mount Tambora eruption.
WMO Statement on the status of the global climate in 2010
The year 2010 was especially notable in that global surface temperatures reached record values at the same level as in 1998 and 2005, consistent with the acceleration of the warming experienced over the last 50 years. The year also signalled the closure of the warmest decade on record. Over this decade, warming was markedly more pronounced in some regions, notably so in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, South Asia and the Arctic.
Weather extremes in a changing climate : hindsight on foresight
Devastating climate and weather-related events recorded in recent years have captured public interest. This brochure provides a sample of extreme events for the past decade (2001-2010), including an A3 map, and reviews whether these extreme events are consistent with scientific assessments of climate.
National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces
In response to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), the National Research Council appointed a committee operating under the auspices of the Naval Studies Board to study the national security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. In conducting his study, the committee found that even the most moderate current trends in climate, if continued, will present new national security challenges for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. While the timing, degree, and consequences of future climate change impacts remain uncertain, many changes are already underway in regions around ...
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Making Integrated Food-Energy Systems (IFES) Work for People and Climate - An Overview
The study draws on specific examples from Africa, Asia and Latin America as well as from some developed countries to show how constraints to successfully integrating production of food and energy crops can be overcome.
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Reefs at Risk Revisited | World Resources Institute
This report provides a detailed assessment of the status of and threats to the world’s coral reefs. It evaluates threats to coral reefs from a wide range of human activities, and includes an assessment of climate-related threats to reefs. It also contains a global assessment of the vulnerability of nations and territories to coral reef degradation.
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The Future of Food and Farming : challenges and choices for global sustainability
The Foresight project Global Food and Farming Futures final report and executive summary provide an overview of the evidence and discuss the challenges and choices for policy makers and others whose interests relate to all aspects of the global food system.
Экстремальные явления погоды в условиях изменяющегося климата : От ретроспективы к предвидению
Связанные с погодой и климатом разрушительные события, зарегистриро-ванные в последние годы, привлекли внимание широкой общественности, правительств и средств массовой информации. В настоящей брошюре приводится ряд примеров экстремальных явлений, произошедших за по- следнее десятилетие (2001-2010 гг.). Некоторые из этих явлений были сравнимы с наиболее значительными событиями прошлых лет или превос- ходили их по интенсивности, продолжительности или географической про- тяженности.
Los extremos meteorológicos y el cambio climático : retrospectiva de las predicciones
Ciertos fenómenos climáticos y meteorológicos devastadores registrados en los últimos años han atraído la atención del público en general, de los gobiernos y de los medios de comunicación. En el presente folleto se ofrece una muestra de los fenómenos extremos des último decenio (2001-2010). Algunos de ellos han sido equiparables -o más graves incluso en intensidad, duración o extensión geográfica- a los históricamente más importantes.
Extrêmes météorologiques et changements climatiques : retour sur les projections
Les catastrophes d’origine climatique et météorologique qui secouent la planète depuis quelques années attirent l’attention du public, des gouvernements et des médias. La présente brochure donne un aperçu des phénomènes extrêmes qui ont eu lieu au cours de la dernière décennie (2001–2010). Certains se comparent aux événements les plus importants survenus dans l’histoire, voire les dépassent en intensité, durée ou étendue.
Заявление ВМО о состоянии глобального климата в 2010 году
Год 2010 является особенно примечательным годом, поскольку глобальные приземные температуры достигли рекордных значений на том же уровне, как и в 1998 и 2005 годах, что согласуется с ускорением темпов потепления, проявляющегося на протяжении последних 50 лет. Прошедший год также просигнализировал о
завершении самого теплого десятилетия за всю историю аблюдений. В течение этого десятилетия потепление было заметно более выраженным в некоторых регионах, особенно в Северной Африке и на Аравийском полуострове, в Южной Азии и Арктике.
بيان املنظمة العاملية لألرصاد اجلوية عن حالة املناخ العاملي في 2010
وقد اتسم عام 2010 بشكل خاص بتسجيل درجات حرارة سطحية عاملية قياسية، على نفس املستوى املسجل في عامي 1998 و2005، مبا يتسق مع تسارع االحترار املشهود طوال اخلمسني عاماً املاضية. كما أسدل عام 2010 الستار على أحر عقد مسجل، فقد كان االحترار ملحوظاً أكثر من أي وقت آخر طوال هذا العقد في مناطق معينة، السيما في شمال أفريقيا وشبه اجلزيرة العربية وجنوب آسيا واملنطقة القطبية الشمالية.
Declaración de la OMM sobre el estado del clima mundial en 2010
El año 2010 se destacó especialmente por una temperatura superficial mundial que alcanzó valores sin precedentes, igualando los de 1998 y 2005, en consonancia con la aceleración del calentamiento de la atmósfera que se viene experimentando durante los últimos 50 años. Asimismo, el año 2010 marcó el fin de la década más cálida de la que se tenga registro. Durante
esa década el calentamiento fue notablemente más acusado en algunas regiones, en particular en el norte de África y la península Arábiga, Asia meridional y el Ártico.
Déclaration de l’OMM sur l’état du climat mondial en 2010
L’année 2010 s’est particulièrement distinguée par le fait que les températures moyennes à la surface du globe ont atteint des valeurs records qui sont du même ordre que celles enregistrées
en 1998 et 2005 et qui confirment l’accélération du réchauffement constaté ces 50 dernières années. Elle vient aussi clôturer la décennie la plus chaude jamais enregistrée, durant laquelle le réchauffement a été beaucoup plus marqué
dans certaines régions, notamment en Afrique du Nord et dans la péninsule arabique, en Asie méridionale et dans l’Arctique.
Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio - Informe de 2011
Naciones Unidas, 2011Desde que fueron aprobados, los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) han promovido la concienciación y han generado una visión más amplia, que sigue siendo el marco de referencia global de las actividades de desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas.
El presente informe se basa en una serie de datos originales reunidos por el Grupo Interinstitucional y de Expertos sobre los indicadores de los ODM, bajo la coordinación del Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales de la Secretaría de las Naciones Unidas, en respuesta a la petición de la Asamblea General de que se realicen evalu ...
Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2011 - Sostenibilidad y equidad: un mejor futuro para todos
PNUD, 2011Este Informe analiza de forma integral los vínculos entre sostenibilidad ambiental y equidad, y demuestra que ambos elementos son cruciales para ampliar las libertades humanas, tanto en esta generación como en las venideras. El argumento parte de la base de que es imposible mantener los extraordinarios avances conseguidos en desarrollo humano en las últimas décadas —que han sido documentados por el Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano— si no se toman medidas audaces a nivel mundial para reducir los riesgos ambientales y la desigualdad. Con ese _n, se identi_can vías de acción para que las personas, ...
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Sécurité des moyens d’existence : changements climatiques, migrations et conflits au Sahel
PNUE, 2011Cette étude commune à paraître a deux objectifs : premièrement d’analyser l’évolution historique du climat dans le Sahel, d’identifier les régions où des problèmes se posent avec une acuité particulière (nommées « points chauds ») et de déterminer les implications potentielles des variations climatiques observées sur les moyens d’existence dépendants des ressources naturelles ; deuxièmement de fournir des recommandations destinées à améliorer la sensibilité des plans d’adaptations et d’investissement de la région aux problématiques de conflit et de migration.
WMO 2010年 全球气候状况 声明
2010年是特别值得注目的，全球地表 温度达到与1998年和2005年相同水平的记 录值，这与过去50年中经历的变暖加速趋势 一致。2010年还标志着有记录以来这个最 暖十年的结束。在这十年中，一些地区变暖 十分明显，在北非和阿拉伯半岛、南亚和北 极地区尤为如此。
تقرير فرقة العمل الرفيعة املستوى بشأن اإلطار العاملي للخدمات املناخية. املعارف ا ملنا خية من أجل العمل : إطار عاملي للخدمات املناخية - متكني األشد ض ً عف
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; Egeland J.; Chissano J. - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2011 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1065)يتضمن هذا التقرير استنتاجات فرقة العمل الرفيعة املستوى إلى جانب اقتراحها لكيفية تنفيذ اإلطار ً وتنظيمه. ويوفر توجيها ً عاما فيما يتصل بتطوير اإلطار وال يتضمن أية تفاصيل فنية. وسوف ينظر أعضاء املنظمة العاملية لألرصاد اجلوية في مؤمتر املنظمة لعام 2011 في هذا التقرير، بغية اعتماد اإلطار وتنفيذه. وهو ً يرمي أيضا إلى توفير أساس للمنظمات ومجتمعات العلماء ذات الصلة للنظر في كيفية املساهمة في حتقيق ً أهداف اإلطار، فضال عن كيفية حتويل مقترحات فرقة العمل إلى خطط عمل مفصلة.
全球气候服务框架高级别专题组的报告. 付诸行动的 气候知识 : 全球气候服务框架 – 增强最脆弱者的能力
本报告包含高级别专题组的成果以及就如何实施和管理框架提出的建议。报告 对开发框架提供了总体指导，但并不包括技术细节。世界气象组织会员国将在2011 年的大会上对报告进行审议，旨在通过和实施该框架。报告还将为相关组织和专家 团体考虑如何为实现框架的目标做贡献，以及如何将专题组的建议转化为具体的工 作计划提供基础。
Le climat et vous
Grâce à la paléoclimatologie moderne et au large éventail de données indirectes qu’elle recueille dans les carottes de glace, les cernes d’arbres, les sédiments, les coraux, les roches et les fossiles, nous savons que le climat de notre planète se caractérisait déjà par sa variabilité bien avant que
nos ancêtres n’apparaissent. Plus récemment, les références de l’histoire font état aussi de plusieurs périodes inhabituelles dans différentes régions du monde, notamment l’anomalie climatique médiévale, suivie du petit âge glaciaire, ou
encore de phénomènes exceptionnels comme «l’ann ...
Климат для вас
с помощью большого разнообразия косвенных данных, включая, среди прочего, керны льда, годичные кольца деревьев, осадочные отложения, кораллы, горные породы и ископаемые остатки, современная наука палеоклиматология показывает, что изменение и изменчивость климата имели место на нашей планете задолго до наших предков. В последнее время в документируемой истории появлялся ряд ссылок на необычные периоды в некоторых районах
мира, такие как средневековая климатическая аномалия и более поздний малый ледниковый период, а также на такие исключительные события, как 1816 г. — «год без лета», ...
El clima y tú
gracias a una gran diversidad de registros indirectos, como núcleos de hielo, anillos de árboles, sedimentos, corales, rocas y fósiles, entre otros, la moderna ciencia de la paleoclimatología ha demostrado que la variabilidad y el cambio climáticos estaban presentes en nuestro planeta desde mucho antes que nuestros ancestros. más recientemente, nuestros registros históricos parecen indicar varios períodos inhabituales en ciertas partes del mundo, como la anomalía
climática medieval y la pequeña era glacial subsiguiente, y también períodos excepcionales, como el “año sin verano” de 1816 ...
Доклад целевой группы высокого уровня глобальной рамочной основы для климатического обслуживания. Знания о климате как основа для действий : Глобальная рамочная основа для климатического обслуживания — укрепление возможностей наиболее уязвимых стран
Настоящий доклад содержит выводы Целевой группы высокого уровня, наряду с ее предложением о том, каким образом следует осуществлять Рамочную основу и управ- лять ею. В нем дается общее направление развития Рамочной основы и не содержится технических подробностей. Доклад будет рассматриваться странами — членами Все- мирной Метеорологической Организации на их Конгрессе в 2011 г. с целью принятия и осуществления Рамочной основы. Он также предназначен для обеспечения основы для рассмотрения соответствующими организациями и экспертными сообществами воп- роса о том, каким образом они могут внести ...
Equipo especial de alto nivel sobre el marco mundial para los servicios climáticos. Del conocimiento climático a la acción : marco mundial para los servicios climáticos - potenciar la capacidad de los más vulnerables
El presente informe contiene las conclusiones del Equipo especial de alto nivel, junto con su propuesta sobre la manera en que debería ejecutarse y administrarse el Marco. Contiene orientaciones de carácter general sobre el desarrollo del Marco, sin entrar en pormenores técnicos.
El informe será examinado por los miembros de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial en su Congreso de 2011,21 con miras a la adopción y ejecución del Marco. Tiene también por objeto sentar las bases para que las organizaciones y comunidades de expertos en la materia consideren en qué manera podrían contribuir ...
Equipe spéciale de haut niveau chargée du cadre mondial pour les services climatologiques. Connaître le climat pour agir : un cadre mondial pour les services climatologiques afin de renforcer la position des plus vulnérables
Le présent rapport contient les conclusions de l’Équipe spéciale de haut niveau, ainsi que ses propositions quant à la façon de mettre en œuvre et de gouverner le Cadre mondial. Il présente les grandes orientations applicables à l’élaboration du Cadre mondial sans en détailler les aspects techniques. Les pays Membres de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale l’examineront au cours de leur congrès de 2011, dans le but d’adopter et de lancer la mise en œuvre du Cadre mondial.
Le rapport doit aussi servir de base de réflexion aux organisations compétentes et aux communautés d’experts pour ...
El Estado de la Inseguridad Alimentaria en el Mundo 2011 : ¿cómo afecta la volatilidad de los precios internacionales a las economías nacionales y la seguridad alimentaria?
FAO, 2011El informe del año en curso se centra en los costos de la volatilidad de los precios de los alimentos, así como en los riesgos y oportunidades que plantean los elevados precios de los alimentos. El cambio climático y la mayor frecuencia de las perturbaciones meteorológicas, el aumento de los vínculos entre los mercados energéticos y agrícolas debido a la creciente demanda de biocombustibles y el aumento de la “financierización” de los productos alimenticios y agrícolas básicos apuntan a que la volatilidad de los precios será una realidad perdurable. En este informe se describen los efectos de ...
يعرض تقرير حالة انعدام الأمن الغذائي 2011 : كيف يؤثر تقلب الأسعار على الصعيد الدولي على الاقتصاديات المحلية والأمن الغذائي؟
FAO, 2011ويركز تقرير هذا العام على تكاليف تقلب أسعار الأغذية والأخطار والفرص الناجمة عن ارتفاع أسعار الأغذية. فالتغيُّرات المناخية وازدياد تواتر صدمات الأحوال الجوية، وازدياد الصلات بين أسواق الطاقة والأسواق الزراعية نتيجة لازدياد الطلب على الوقود الحيوي، وازدياد التوظيف المالي للسلع الغذائية والزراعية توحي كلها بأن تقلب الأسعار سيظل مستمراً. ويبين التقرير آثار تقلب الأسعار على الأمن الغذائي، ويعرض خيارات السياسات التي يمكن بها الحد من التقلبات على نحو يتسم بفعالية التكلفة، والتكيُّف معها عندما يتعذر تلافيها.
世界粮食不安全状况 2011 : 国际粮价波动如何影响各国经济及粮食安全？
FAO, 2011今年这份报告注重粮价波动的代价以及高粮价所带来的危险与机遇。气候变化及天气冲击的频率增加，由于对生物燃料的需求增加而促使能源与农业市场之间联系增强，粮食和农业商品的金融化程度增加，所有这些都表明价格波动会普遍化。本报告说明了价格波动对粮食安全的影响，提出了以经济有效方式减少价格波动、当无法避免时予以控制的政策方案。
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京都市、温室効果ガスを2030年度までに1990年度比で40％削減へ
JFS, 2011Le 29 septembre 2010, la ville de Kyoto a adopté un arrêté amendant la totalité des arrêtés concernant les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et l'a promu le 12 octobre. La ville a pour objectif une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 25% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2020 et de 40% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2030
Informe especial del IPCC. Gestión de los riesgos de fenómenos meteorológicos extremos y desastres para mejorar la adaptación al cambio climático: resumen para responsables de políticas
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático (IPCC); Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) - IPCC, 2011
Rapport spécial du GIEC. Gestion des risques de catastrophes et de phénomènes extrêmes pour les besoins de l'adaptation au changement climatique: résumé à l'intention des décideurs
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Groupe d'Experts Intergouvernemental sur l'Evolution du Climat (GIEC); Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE) - GIEC, 2011
Lograr la seguridad alimentaria ante el cambio climático : resumen para responsables de la política de la Comisión sobre la Agricultura Sostenible y el Cambio Climático
CCAFS, 2011Dans le système alimentaire mondialement interconnecté qui est le nôtre, le statu quo ne nous apportera ni sécurité alimentaire ni durabilité environnementale. Entre le changement climatique, la croissance démographique et l'insoutenabilité de notre consommation des ressources, plusieurs menaces convergentes imposent de plus en plus et de façon constante à l'humanité et aux gouvernements mondiaux un changement des modes de production, de distribution et de consommation de la nourriture.
Atteindre la sécurité alimentaire dans le contexte du changement climatique : résumé de la Commission sur l'Agriculture Durable et le Changement Climatique à l'attention des décideurs politiques
CCAFS, 2011Dans le système alimentaire mondialement interconnecté qui est le nôtre, le statu quo ne nous apportera ni sécurité alimentaire ni durabilité environnementale. Entre le changement climatique, la croissance démographique et l'insoutenabilité de notre consommation des ressources, plusieurs menaces convergentes imposent de plus en plus et de façon constante à l'humanité et aux gouvernements mondiaux un changement des modes de production, de distribution et de consommation de la nourriture.
Управление рисками экстремальных явлений и бедствий для содействия адаптации к изменению климата: Резюме для политиков
IPCC, 2011
Integrar las cuestiones relativas al cambio climático en los programas forestales nacionales : un enfoque para la integración del cambio climático en los programas forestales nacionales en apoyo a la ordenación forestal sostenible
FAO, 2011La presente publicación es el resultado de un proceso iniciado en 2009 con una serie de talleres de grupos nacionales interesados, con el objeto de apoyar a los países en el proceso de integración de aspectos relativos al cambio climático en sus programas forestales nacionales (PFN). Este estudio se publica como parte del esfuerzo del Departamento Forestal de la FAO y del Mecanismo para los programas forestales nacionales para ayudar a los países a abordar las nuevas cuestiones de política relacionadas con los bosques y el cambio climático mediante la integración de las consideraciones sobre ...
Intégrer le changement climatique aux programmes forestiers nationaux : une approache pour intégrer la dimension du changement climatique dans les programmes forestiers nationaux à l'appui de la gestion durable des forêts
FAO, 2011Le présent document est publié à l'initiative du Département des forêts de la FAO et du Mécanisme pour les programmes forestiers nationaux, pour aider les pays à traiter les questions émergentes intéressant les forêts et le changement climatique en intégrant des considérations relatives au changement climatique dans leurs programmes forestiers nationaux. Il est le fruit d'un processus consultatif approfondi prévoyant un engagement actif de pays et d'experts. Il a pour objet de présenter une approche pratique du processus d'intégration du changement climatique dans les programmes forestiers nat ...
L'état de l’insécurité alimentaire dans le monde 2011 : comment la volatilité des cours internationaux porte-t-elle atteinte à l’économie et à la sécurité alimentaire des pays?
FAO, 2011Le rapport de cette année porte sur les coûts de la volatilité des prix des denrées alimentaires ainsi que sur les dangers et les avantages des hauts niveaux de prix. Le changement climatique et la multiplication des chocs météorologiques, le renforcement des liens entre les marchés de l'énergie et les marchés agricoles lié à la demande croissante en biocarburants, et enfin, la financiarisation progressive des produits alimentaires et agricoles, sont autant de réalités qui laissent penser que la volatilité des prix n’est pas près de disparaître. Le rapport décrit les répercussions de la volati ...
Положение дел в связи с отсутствием продовольственной безопасности в мире 2011 : Как колеблемость мировых цен влияет на экономику стран и продовольственную безопасность?
FAO, 2011Изменение климата и учащение погодных катаклизмов, усиление связи между энергетическими и сельскохозяйственных рынками из-за растущего спроса на биотопливо и увеличение финансиализации продуктов питания и сельскохозяйственной продукции, - все это означает, что волатильность цен возросла надолго. В докладе проанализированы последствия колеблемости цен с точки зрения продовольственной безопасности и представлены возможные меры политики, призванные уменьшить волатильность экономически эффективным образом и регулировать ее, когда она не может быть предотвращена.
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Ville de Kyoto: vers une réduction de 40% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre par rapport à 1990 avant 2030
JFS, 2011Le 29 septembre 2010, la ville de Kyoto a adopté un arrêté amendant la totalité des arrêtés concernant les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et l'a promu le 12 octobre. La ville a pour objectif une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 25% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2020 et de 40% par rapport à 1990 d'ici 2030
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Vol. 113. No. 1-2 - January-June 2009 - Special Issue: Symposium on Climate Change and Variability — Agrometeorological Monitoring and Coping Strategies for Agriculture
is an issue of Időjárás. HMS, 2010Contents:
- Applications of agroclimatic indices and process oriented crop simulation models in European agriculture / Josef Eitzinger, Sabina Thaler, Simone Orlandini, Pavol Nejedlik, Valentin Kazandjiev, Tor Hakon Sivertsen, and Dragutin Mihailovic
- Coupled land-air parameterization scheme (LAPS) and nonhydrostatic mesoscale model (NMM) for use in agricultural planning /Dragutin T. Mihailovic and Branislava Lalic
- Brief surveying and discussing of drought indices used in agricultural meteorology /Zoltán Dunkel
- Secular trend analysis of growing degree-days in ...
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Canada’s Three Oceans (C3O): a Canadian Contribution to the International Polar Year
The purpose of climate monitoring is to collect relevant,
inter-comparable data over sustained periods of time so as
to allow quantification of change within a system for
decision-making purposes. This is the motivation of the
“Canada’s Three Oceans” (C3O) project, a Canadian
contribution to the International Polar Year (IPY: 2007–
2009). C3O aims to (1) build an integrated, consilient view
of the physical, chemical and biological oceanic structure
of subarctic and arctic waters around Canada; and (2) use
this informati ...
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Studies on long-term variation of ocean ecosystem / climate interactions based on the Odate collection
Recently, long-term variations and trends of global climate
have been identified as serious problems affecting the
biosphere, especially global warming problem. T
2010/No. 3/4 - December 2010 - Global framework for climate services at COP 16
is an issue of MeteoWorld. WMO, 2010Contains:
- Global framework for climate services at COP 16
- Record greenhouse gas levels
- Ozone: two-way link with climate change
- More coral reefs under threat from climate change
- UN Secretary-General at MeteoWorld
- Working with farmers
- Haiti update
- Latest weather and climate terms online
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- Winter 2009/2010 - Climate change: looking beyong Copenhagen
is an issue of Options. IIASA, 2010Contains:
- Cutting emissions by 2020 Pages 16-17
- Energy and climate change Pages 14-15
- Insurance for extreme climatic events Pages 12-13
- Stopping deforestation Pages 9, 21
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Variations of Terrestrial Water Storage in the Yangtze River Basin under Climate Change Scenarios
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 6. Ma Quian; Xie Zheng-Hui; Zhao Lin-Na - Science Press, 2010In this study, the water balance-based Precipitation-Evapotranspiration-Runoff (PER) method combined with the land surface model Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) was used to estimate the spatiotemporal variations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) for two periods, 1982–2005 (baseline) and 2071–2100, under future climate scenarios A2 and B2 in the Yangtze River basin. The results show that the estimated TWS during the baseline period and under the two future climate scenarios have similar seasonal amplitudes of 60–70 mm. The higher values of TWS appear in June during the baseline period and ...
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Polar Vortex Response to Pacific Ocean Warming and Its Additive Nonlinearity with the Indian Ocean
A previous modeling study about Pacific Ocean warming derived polar vortex response signals, by subtracting those in the Indian Ocean warming experiments from those in the Indo-Pacific. This approach questions the resemblance of such an indirectly derived response to one directly forced by Pacific Ocean warming. This is relevant to the additive nonlinearity of atmospheric responses to separated Indian and Pacific Ocean forcing. In the present study, an additional set of ensemble experiments are performed by prescribing isolated SST forcing in the tropical Pacific Ocean to address this issue. T ...
1/2010 - Changement climatique et commerce
is an issue of Forum du Commerce international. 2010
1/2010 - Climate change and trade
is an issue of International Trade Forum. International Trade Centre, 2010
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Has the Drake Passage Played an Essential Role in the Cenozoic Cooling?
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, Volume 3 Number 5. Zhang Zi-Yin; Gong Zhong-Shi; Yan Qing; et al. - Science Press, 2010The Drake Passage is the seaway between South America and Antarctica. It is widely believed that the thermal isolation effects caused by the opening of the Drake Passage played an important role in the abrupt cooling that occurred at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary in the Cenozoic. These effects are also thought to be independent of the geometry of the passage. Here, the authors demonstrate that the climate impacts of the Drake Passage depend on the passage geometry by comparing the climate’s sensitivity to the opening of the Drake Passage under the present and the Early Eocene land-sea configur ...
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No. 25 - July 2010 - Climate change
The present issue of Spatium is devoted to climate change, to the most evident scientific observations corroborating global warming and the outstanding rate at which the global mean temperature is rising. Then, it presents some projections into the future under various more or less optimistic assumptions regarding mankind’s ability to counteract the climate threat. Finally, it will high light some measures taken so far which, unfortunately, are still far from being sufficient to keep the Earth’s climate under control.
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Volume 3 Number 3 - 16 May 2010
is an issue of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters. Science Press, 2010Contains:
- Analysis of a Beijing Heavy Snowfall Related to an Inverted Trough in November 2009
LI Jin,ZHAO Si-Xiong,YU Fei
- Comparative Studies of Different Mesoscale Convection Parameterization Schemes in the Simulation of Mei-Yu Front Heavy Rain
PING Fan,LUO Zhe-Xian
- An Improved Atmospheric Vector Radiative Transfer Model Incorporating Rough Ocean Boundaries
FAN Xue-Hua,CHEN Hong-Bin,HAN Zhi-Gang,LIN Long-Fu
- A Case Study of the Impacts of Dust Aerosols on Surface Atmospheric Variables and Energy Budgets in ...
2010/No. 2 - April 2010 - African Ministers resolve to strengthen meteorological and hydrological services
is an issue of MeteoWorld. WMO, 2010Contains:
- African Ministers resolve to strengthen meteorological and hydrological services
- Building a new GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network
- World Meteorological Day
- Trinidad and Tobago Commissions High Tech Radar
- Volcanic ash
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Environmental consequences of ocean acidification : a threat to food security
UNEP, 2010Launched by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the report confirms concerns that some organisms, such as corals and shellfish may find it increasingly difficult to form their skeletons in the decades to come making it harder to survive let alone thrive. It also shows that ocean acidification can react together with ocean warming so that animals such as crabs have a reduced range of temperatures they can thrive in.
The Emissions Gap Report : are the Copenhagen Accord Pledges Sufficient to Limit Global Warming to 2° C or 1.5° C? A preliminary assessment
UNEP, 2010Climate change represents one of the greatest challenges but also an inordinate opportunity to catalyze a transition to a low-carbon, resource efficient Green Economy.
This report informs governments and the wider community on how far a response to climate change has progressed over the past 12 months, and thus how far the world is on track to meet wider goals,.
The pledges associated with the Copenhagen Accord of 2009 are the point of departure for this report. What might be achieved in terms of limiting a global temperature rise to 2ºC or less in the 21st centur ...
UNDP - Green LECRDS Guidance Manuals and Toolkits, 7. Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change Handbook
UNDP, 2010This updated handbook provides hands-on guidance for identifying the most effective technology options for poverty reduction and climate change mitigation and adaptation. By drawing on decades of experience and inputs from leading experts and practitioners, it brings novel insights for carrying out needs assessments and creating actionable plans as part of national climate change strategies.
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Climate Science update : a report to the 2011 Garnaut review
Keenan T.D.; Cleugh H.A. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2010 (CAWCR Technical Report-No. 036)This technical report is based on scientific contributions from both CSIRO1 and the Bureau of Meteorology. It is not intended to be comprehensive in terms of depth or breadth. Rather it is a snapshot of the “state of the science” mainly from the perspective of CAWCR scientific expertise based on peer-reviewed literature. The issues covered relate mainly (but not exclusively) to the scope of Working Group One (WGI) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (http://www.ipcc.ch/); i.e. an assessment of the physical and scientific aspects of the climate system and climate change. We are pa ...
Approaches for generating climate change scenarios for use in drought projections : a review
Kirono G.C.; Hennessy Kevin; Mpelasoka Freddie; et al. - Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, 2010 (CAWCR Technical Report-No. 034)This report describes approaches used for constructing climate projections from a set of climate model simulations for use in drought projections, particularly in Australia. The description includes the pros and cons of each approach with respect to the calculation process, data that are produced, and discussion of the main sources of uncertainty. Although the main focus is on research and approaches that are applied in Australia, the report also briefly discusses approaches applied elsewhere in the world.
FAO Regional priority framework 2010-2019 : towards a food-secure - Asia and the Pacific
FAO, 2010Governments need to acknowledge that problems of undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency persist, and they should sensitize the public to the magnitude of the problem, its causes and effects and possible strategies to combat it. Nutritional considerations need to be seriously integrated into agriculture, livestock, aquaculture and related programmes so that this dimension can be monitored and desired outcomes achieved. The key objectives of this priority area are to contribute to the eradication of hunger and malnutrition in Asia and the Pacific region in line with the targets of the World ...
Regional energy security dynamics in Southern Africa : electricity mixes in the context of global climate change mitigation pressures
Following recent power shortages in Southern Africa, energy security, particularly the need to ensure reliable, widespread and affordable power supplies, has become a major policy priority for governments in the region. This paper looks at the main drivers of electricity generation in the region and evaluates the challenges that the region is likely to face as it seeks to expand its power-generating capacity.
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Realising Development Effectiveness - Making the Most of Climate Change Finance in Asia and the Pacific : a synthesis report from fi ve country studies in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam
Thornton Nigel - CDDE, 2010The report is intended to support progress on development effectiveness and climate change in Asia, through informing discussions on current climate financing in Asia. It provides an overview of key issues, and includes a synthesis of findings from five Asian country studies; in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. It provided reference material for the 19th-20th October 2010 Bangkok conference on Climate Change Finance and Aid Effectiveness.
The quest for energy security in Argentina
Electricity consumption in Argentina has grown at a rate well above the net GDP in the last years, whereas capacity increase has been slower than consumption increase. This report deals with the problem of energy security in Argentina, which implies many challenges for the country. The author illustrates that the problem emerged first in 2004 as a consequence of the particular modalities adopted by the macroeconomic structural and energy sector reforms of the 1990s, which are still in place today.
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