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Climate Services for Supporting Climate Change Adaptation : Supplement to the Technical Guidelines for The National Adaptation Plan Process
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) - WMO, 2016 (WMO-No. 1170)Because of the current and projected impacts on climate due to the high levels of greenhousegas (GHG) emissions, adaptation is a necessary strategy at all scales in a changing climate. At its 17th session, the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) established the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process as a way to facilitate effective adaptation planning in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and other developing countries. The four key elements that need to be undertaken in the development of NAPs are: Laying the groundwork and addressin ...
WMO Statement on the status of the global climate in 2015
The year 2015 will stand out in the historical record of the global climate in many ways. Modern records for heat were broken: 2015 was a record warm year both globally and in many individual countries. Heatwaves were extremely intense in various part of the world, leading to thousands of deaths in India and Pakistan. Record extreme precipitation led to flooding that affected tens of thousands of people across South America, West Africa and Europe. Dry conditions in southern Africa and Brazil exacerbated multi-year droughts. The influence of the strong El Niño that developed in the later part ...
WMO 2015年 全球气候状况声明
2015年将在全球气候史上创下很多记 录。2015年打破了现代高温记录：这是全球和 许多国家有记录以来最热的一年。热浪在全球 各地都非常强烈，导致印度和巴基斯坦数千人 因此死亡。创记录的极端降水造成洪水，影响 了南美洲、西非和欧洲的数万人。南部非洲和 巴西降水偏少，加剧了多年的干旱。2015年后 半年的强厄尔尼诺现象造成了2015年的许多 天气和气候事件。需要我们做的工作还很多， 但国际合作、近实时资料分享和归因科学的进 步开始使人们有可能理解厄尔尼诺等自然气候 变化和人类活动引起的气候变化所发挥的作 用。
بيان المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية عن حالة ا لمناخ العالمي في 2015
وتلتزم المنظمة ) WMO ( بزيادة تعزيز الخدمات المتعلقة بالطقس والمناخ وما يتصل بهما من بحوث. وإضافة إلى تعزيز التقدم العلمي، تسلّم المنظمة ) WMO ( بالحاجة إلى بناء خدمات مناخیة تشغیلیة تدعم القدرة على الصمود في مواجهة المناخ والتكیف معھ. فنحو 70 بلداً في مختلف أنحاء العالم لیست لديها ما تحتاج إلیھ من قدرات لإنتاج وتطبیق المعلومات والتنبؤات المناخیة في الحدود الزمنیة المطلوبة ومع ضمان جودة الخدمات. ويساعد الإطار العالمي للخدمات المناخیة أقل البلدان نمواً والدول الجزرية الصغیرة النامیة وغیرها من البلدان ذات الأوضاع الهشة على تعزيز قدراتها الوطنیة في مجال المناخ والأرصاد الجوية. وتعمل المنظمة ) WMO ...
Заявление ВМО о состоянии глобального климата в 2015 году
В многолетнем ряду наблюдений за глобальным климатом 2015 год станет выдающимся во многих отношениях. Превышены рекордные значения высоких температур: 2015 год был рекордно те- плым как на глобальном уровне, так и во многих отдельных странах. Волны тепла были исключи- тельно интенсивными в различных частях мира и явились причиной гибели тысяч людей в Индии и Пакистане. Рекордное количество экстремаль- ных осадков привело к наводнениям, которые затронули десятки тысяч людей на территории Южной Америки, Западной Африки и Европы. Засушливые условия в южной части Африки и Бразилии усилили многолет ...
Declaración de la OMM sobre el estado del clima mundial en 2015
El año 2015 se destacará en el registro histórico del clima mundial por muchas razones. En 2015 las altas temperaturas batieron numerosos récords modernos: fue el año más cálido de los que se tienen datos tanto a nivel mundial como a nivel nacional en muchos países. Hubo olas de calor sumamente intensas en varias partes del mundo, que provocaron un número extremadamente elevado de muertes en India y Pakistán. Las precipitaciones extremas sin precedentes causaron inundaciones que afectaron a decenas de miles de personas en América del Sur, África occidental y Europa. Las condiciones secas en Áf ...
Déclaration de l’OMM sur l’état du climat mondial en 2015
L’année 2015 restera à de nombreux égards comme une année historique pour ce qui est du climat mondial. Année record en termes de chaleur, tant au niveau mondial que dans de nombreux pays, elle a vu tomber des records de température établis depuis le début des relevés modernes. Des vagues de chaleur d’une intensité extrême ont frappé différentes régions du monde, entraînant une surmortalité de plusieurs milliers de personnes en Inde et au Pakistan. Des précipitations extrêmes, atteignant un niveau record, ont provoqué des inondations qui ont fait des dizaines de milliers de sinistrés en Amériq ...
المناخ العالمي في 2015–2011
في توحید أفضل المعلومات المناخیة المتاحة من المرافق الوطنیة للأرصاد الجوية والهیدرولوجیا في بیانات سنوية عن حالة المناخ العالمي. وفي عام 2013 ، أصدرت المنظمة ( WMO ) ملخصاً عقدياً عن المناخ غطى الفترة 2001 - 2010 . ومنذ عام 2006 ، أنتجت المنظمة WMO) ) أيضاً نشرات سنوية عن غازات الاحتباس الحراري تقدّم إفادة عن تركیزات غازات الاحتباس الحراري في الغلاف الجوي التي تدفع إلى تغیر المناخ. ولقد كانت التأثیرات المبكرة لتغیر المناخ واضحة باستمرار على النطاق العالمي منذ ثمانینیات القرن الماضي، وهي: زيادة درجة حرارة العالم على الیابسة وفي سطح وأعماق المحیطات، وارتفاع مستوى سطح البحر، وانصهار طبقات الجلید ...
Estado del clima mundial en 2011–2015
El presente informe describe la evolución del sistema climático durante el período comprendido entre 2011 y 2015. La Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) ha evaluado este período de cinco años con el fin de contribuir a comprender mejor las tendencias plurianuales al calentamiento y los fenómenos extremos que pueden ayudar a los gobiernos a aplicar con mayor eficacia la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. Esto se aplica en particular al Acuerdo de París de 2015, que proporciona a la comunidad mundial una oportunidad histórica para actuar con más urgencia en l ...
Le climat mondial 2011–2015
Le présent rapport décrit l’évolution du système climatique entre 2011 et 2015. L’Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) a analysé ces cinq années afin de mieux comprendre le réchauffement constaté sur cette période, ainsi que les phénomènes extrêmes et, par là même, aider les gouvernements à mettre en oeuvre de manière plus efficace la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC), et en particulier l’Accord de Paris. Adopté en 2015, ce dernier représente, pour la communauté internationale, une occasion sans précédent d’accélérer les efforts visant à limiter ...
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Call for an Ethical Framework for Climate Services
Climate services have the potential to contribute to human security by improving our ability to enhance societal benefits, and reduce losses, related to climate. As natural climate patterns continue to change, society will want more timely and reliable climate services to help them gain an understanding of climate risks and for guidance on how to take advantage of related opportunities. 1 2
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A Pathway to Climate Services for SIDS
Bulletin, Vol. 64(2). WMO, 2015Caribbean, Pacific and Indian Ocean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are extremely vulnerable to hydro-meteorological hazards. In the coming years, climate change is likely to increase the frequency and severity of such hazards in these islands while simultaneously increasing vulnerability by damaging ecosystems and wiping out livelihoods. Thus, in a bid to increase resilience to extreme weather events and the adverse impacts of climate change, the World Meteorological Congress in June approved the establishment of a new programme to support and enhance weather and climate services in SID ...
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The Polar Challenge: Pushing the Boundaries of Observations for Climate Research and Services
Bulletin, Vol. 64(2). WMO, 2015The cryosphere is a major indicator of global climate change and plays a fundamental role in the climate system. Despite advances in numerical modelling, the reliability of long-term climate change predictions in the Arctic and Antarctic are severely limited by the lack of systematic in situ observations of and beneath the sea ice. For this reason, the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)1 and the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation are sponsoring a Polar Challenge2 that will reward the first team to complete a 2 000 km mission with an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) under the Arctic ...
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Managing Risk with Climate Prediction Products and Services
Bulletin, Vol. 64(2). WMO, 2015Demand for climate predictions on timescales of weeks to decades is accelerating as decision-makers in both private and public sectors increasingly recognize their relevance in building climate resilience and in climate change adaptation. Tailored climate services are sought by various types of users for longer-term decisions and planning, for early warning of potential hazards, and for climate variability and change adaptation and mitigation. Collaboration within the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) is ensuring that providers of climate prediction products interact more effectivel ...
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Why Does Access to Good Climate Data Matter?
Over the course of human history, weather patterns have greatly influenced the growth of commerce and communities. But in a world experiencing climate change, past assumptions about the weather no longer hold true. Local, regional and national governments, as well as businesses, are grappling with their role as decision-makers. Climate data may be available but it is often hard to find, understand and apply to decision-making. Both private and public sector decision-makers need accessible, credible and relevant climate information to increase resilience to the more intense and frequent weather ...
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Climate Services for the Energy Sector: A New Priority Area for the GFCS
Energy systems are the engine of economic and social development. Their investments represent a sizeable portion of a country’s GDP. Indeed, energy is essential to practically all aspects of human welfare, including access to water, agricultural productivity, health care, education, job creation and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, energy sector emissions, such as CO2, account for the largest share of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Emissions reduction targets under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are expected to significantly increase dema ...
Vol. 63(2) - 2014 - Tiempo y clima - Conocimiento de los riesgos y preparación frente a la variabilidad y los extremos
is an issue of Boletín. Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) - OMM, 2015
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Sommet de l’ONU sur le climat
Bulletin, Vol. 63(2). OMM, 2015Le Sommet de l’ONU sur le climat a rassemblé 100 chefs d’État et de gouvernement ainsi que des responsables du monde de la finance, des chefs d’entreprise et des représentants de la société civile, afin de dynamiser la réflexion sur le changement climatique et les réponses à y apporter.
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Monitoring Ocean Carbon and Ocean Acidification
Bulletin, Vol. 64(1). WMO, 2015Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration has increased by 42% since the onset of the industrial revolution due to emissions from fossil fuel burning, cement production and land-use change, as reported in the WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin No. 10. As of 2010, the oceans had absorbed an estimated 155 ± 30 petagrams (Pg, 1 petagram = 1015 grams-force) of anthropogenic CO2 [Khatiwala et al., 2013], the equivalent of 28% of the total CO2 emissions during the same time. This factor limited the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. Although this ocean CO2 uptake reduces climate change, it also comes ...
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Progress in Observing and Predicting ENSO
Bulletin, Vol. 64(1). WMO, 2015Governments, private companies and individuals are demanding ever more sophisticated climate services, as manifested by the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). But parts of the ocean observation network – paramount to the delivery of climate services – are at risk, and the evolution of climate prediction systems is not keeping pace in terms of accuracy and reliability
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Climate Services - Transitioning from CLIPS to GFCS
Bulletin, Vol. 64(1). WMO, 2015In 1995, the World Meteorological Congress established the Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) project “to provide the best possible climate information, including expectations of future conditions, to improve economic and social decisions that will reduce risks and improve economic vitality as well as quality of life.” Since, CLIPS has strived to increase climate knowledge, improve operational climate prediction capabilities, and develop the capacities of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) to deliver climate information to meet the needs of stakeholders. ...
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Building Climate Resilience through Disaster Risk Reduction
Natural hazards involving weather, climate and water are a major source of death, injury and physical destruction. Over the past decade (2005-2014), 3 253 hydrometeorological hazards were reported around the world, resulting in 283 0351 deaths and economic losses amounting to US$ 983 million.
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Climate finance : lessons from Rwanda
Developed countries have made little progress in providing climate finance for the transition towards low-emission and climateadaptive development pathways in developing countries. It is expected that a new legal agreement on climate finance will be reached at the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris (COP 21) later this year. It is vital that developing countries are able to motivate for greater climate finance accessibility. To this end, developing countries must demonstrate their ability to manage funds, develop projects that respond to social needs and indicate clear impact and results. Rw ...
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Climate adaptation research in a larger Europe : an analysis at national scale
European Commission, 2015The aim of this report is to provide policy-makers, research managers, and the whole adaptation and scientific community, with statistical information on national adaptation research in the 32 EEA member countries plus Israel, determined through a sound analysis of the INFOBASE. The report analyses the projects uploaded in the CIRCLE-2 INFOBASE until October 2013 along their main character.
The report explains key finding on climate adaptation. The most important findings are that the number of national adaptation research projects vary greatly among countries, the “observations ...
SMOC, 194. Rapport d’activité sur le Système Mondial d’Observation du Climat : résumé d'octobre 2015
Le Rapport d’activité remplit deux fonctions: il évalue l’état d’avancement des mesures décrites dans le Plan de mise en oeuvre du système mondial d’observation à des fins climatologiques dans le contexte de la CCNUCC (version de 2010) et analyse de façon plus générale l’efficacité globale du Système mondial d’observation du climat. Il se fonde sur un vaste ensemble de documents sur le SMOC publiés depuis le bilan de 2009, dont bon nombre décrivent les résultats d’ateliers spécialisés ou de réunions de groupes de travail.
GCOS, 195. Status of the Global Observing System for Climate
This Status Report performs two functions: It assesses the progress made against the actions set out in the GCOS Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (2010 Update), while also providing a more generic assessment of the overall adequacy of the global observing system for climate. It makes use of a wide range of supporting GCOS materials published since progress was reported in 2009, many of which have resulted from the outcomes of specialized workshops or working group meetings.
GCOS, 194. Status of the Global Observing System for Climate : executive summary October 2015
A report entitled Status of the Global Observing System for Climate was invited by the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the thirty-third session of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) in Cancún, Mexico, in 2010. The conclusions of SBSTA in subsequent years have reinforced the importance ascribed to this status report. The report has recently been completed under the overall guidance of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Steering Committee with contributions from panel members and external experts. It ...
WCDMP, 84. Eighth Seminar for Homogenization and Quality Control in Climatological Databases and Third Conference on Spatial Interpolation Techniques in Climatology and Meteorology
The 8th Homogenization Seminar and the 3rd Conference on Spatial Interpolation were organized together considering certain theoretical and practical respects. Theoretically there is a strong connection between these topics since the homogenization and quality control procedures need spatial statistics and interpolation techniques for spatial comparison of data. On the other hand the spatial interpolation procedures (e.g. gridding) need homogeneous data series with high quality. Practically the CARPATCLIM project that was launched in 2010 and ended in 2013 is a good example for this problem. Th ...
Quantitative risk assessment of the effects of climate change on selected causes of death, 2030s and 2050s
World Health Organization (WHO) - WHO, 2015This report provides a quantitative assessment of the health impacts of climate change and takes into account a subset of the possible health impacts, while assuming continued economic growth and health progress. Even under these conditions, it concludes that climate change is expected to cause approximately 250 000 additional deaths per year between 2030 and 2050; 38 000 due to heat exposure in elderly people, 48 000 due to diarrhoea, 60 000 due to malaria, and 95 000 due to childhood undernutrition. Results indicate that the burden of disease from climate change in the future will continue t ...
Satellite-Derived Climatology Products for Monitoring Convection Over West and Central Africa
A weather forecaster’s knowledge of climatology is important to the success of a forecast, especially where convection is involved. That’s particularly true over Central and West Africa where convection has a strong diurnal cycle and usually develops over particular geographic regions and during specific time intervals. The lesson describes satellite-derived cloud climatology products and several global instability indices, all of which can be integrated with other products to forecast convection. Although the lesson uses examples of climatology products from specific months, it makes the full ...
Introduction to Meteorological Charting
This lesson provides a brief overview of surface and upper-air data and how these data are plotted on meteorological charts. The content introduces various charting and reporting techniques, including station models, contour analyses, streamlines, and upper air maps. Examples cover both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and provide learners with opportunities to practice recognizing frequently used weather symbols. Supplemental materials include three Weather Symbol Identification drills. Completing these drills may require approximately 1-1.5 hours above the length of time estim ...
Geospatial Infrastructure for Coastal Communities: Informing Adaptation to Sea Level Rise
Aimed at community planners, emergency managers, and other coastal zone decision-makers this video will explain how using geospatial information already available through NOAA, combined with strategic local investments in infrastructure can provide communities with the data needed to confidently plan for future sea-level changes. This resource is hosted on COMET's YouTube Channel.
Introduction to Climatology for the Tropical Pacific Islands
This lesson provides information on climatology—what it is, the factors that create an area's climate, and the sources and uses of climate information. Focused specifically on tropical Pacific islands, the content covers the key features influencing climate in that region and includes examples for four locations distributed across the tropical Pacific Ocean, both north and south of the equator. The lesson provides a basic introduction to tropical climatology intended for a wide range of users, from meteorology technicians, forecasters, and scientists, to those in industries or sectors influenc ...
Forecasting Heavy Rains and Landslides in Eastern Africa
Good rainfall draws many people to settle across the eastern Africa highlands for farming and other businesses. However, factors such as steep terrain, logging, livestock grazing, agriculture, and construction, have increased erosion and contributed to less stable slopes. These factors can lead to devastating landslides and mudslides, especially during episodes of very heavy rain. Forecasting and monitoring heavy rainfall is challenging, especially in mountainous regions that have few surface observations. This make satellite data critical for meteorologists and hydrologists forecasting for th ...
NCAR Climate Data Guide
The Climate Data Guide provides concise and reliable information on the strengths and limitations of the key observational data sets, tools and methods used to evaluate Earth system models and to understand the climate system. Citable expert commentaries are authored by experienced data users and developers, enabling scientists to multiply the impacts of their work and the diverse user community to access and understand the essential data. This resource is made available courtesy of NCAR's Climate and Global Dynamics Division and is not produced, owned or hosted by UCAR/COMET.
Overview of Watershed and Channel Sedimentation
This lesson provides an overview of the primary influences of watershed and channel sedimentation. In a short narrated portion of the lesson, we explore a section of the Rio Grande watershed and channel in New Mexico using Google Earth imagery, river profiles, and graphic animations. We highlight features of the upland catchments, the river channel, and the Elephant Butte Reservoir. We then demonstrate how environmental factors (climate, geography, land use changes, reservoirs) impact the supply and movement of sediments for the Rio Grande and other rivers. The focus is on the three primary pr ...
The Scientific Fundamentals of Climate Change
The climate system is a complex, interactive system consisting of the atmosphere, land surface, snow and ice, oceans and other bodies of water, and living elements. The climate system evolves in time under the influence of its own internal dynamics and due to changes in external factors. But, do you know what the meteorological consequences of climate variability and change are? What is the human contribution to climate variability? Find out about these and other issues through the UN CC:Learn learning interface on the scientific fundamentals of climate change. If you are a newcomer to the are ...
Roots for the Future : The Landscape and Way Forward on Gender and Climate Change
International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN; Global Gender and Climate Alliance (GGCA) - IUCN, 2015Over the last decade, tremendous progress has been made by the global community in recognizing the differentiated causes and impacts of climate change and considering proactive, effective, inclusive, gender-responsive solutions. Roots for the Future: the Landscape and Way Forward on Gender and Climate Change presents the latest research, data, strategies, and results on gender and climate change policymaking and programming.
IPCC Workshop on Regional Climate Projections and their Use in Impacts and Risk Analysis Studies : workshop report
Regional climate change projections provide the quantitative basis for studies of projected impacts from climate change and associated risks, which are essential building blocks for the comprehensive assessment of climate change science by the IPCC. There exist a number of climate modelling initiatives aimed at producing regional climate change projections, but they overall have not yet reached the maturity necessary for their wide spread use by the impacts and risk assessment community and relevant stakeholders. This Workshop was an opportunity to strengthen the link between the assessment of ...
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Perceptions of obvious and disruptive climate change: community-based risk assessment for two native villages in Alaska: In Climate 2015, 3(4), pp. 812-832
This work operationalizes the determinants of climate change risk, exposure and vulnerability, through the perceptions held by Native hunters, fishers, and gatherers in Savoonga and Shaktoolik, Alaska. Informed by their skill, experience, and the traditional knowledge of their elders, hunters, fishers, and gatherers in these communities are astute observers of their environment and environmental change. A questionnaire is used to sort and rank their perceptions of the most obvious and disruptive elements of climate change as representations of exposure and vulnerability, respectively.
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Disaster risk programme to strengthen resilience in the dry corridor in Central America
This document presents an overview on the impact of the Dry Corridor phenomenon in Central America, and the work the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) - in collaboration with its partners - is doing to support countries to increase disaster resilience of households, communities and institutions.
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Agriculture and livelihood flood impact assessment in Myanmar
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI) Myanmar - gov ; Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development (MLFRD) Myanmar - gov ; et al. - FAO, 2015This report assesses the disaster impact of the cyclone Komen on agriculture and rural-based livelihoods of affected populations in Myanmar. The assessment was conducted in the six most-affected regions/states of Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Magway, Rakhine and Sagaing. It was co-led by FAO and WFP under the framework of the Food Security Sector in partnership with UN women, World Vision, CESVI, CARE, JICA and LIFT.
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Good practice in designing and implementing national monitoring systems for adaptation to climate change
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) - Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN), 2015This report identifies, analyses and compares international good practices in the design and implementation of national monitoring and evaluation (M&E) indicator systems for climate change adaptation.
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Climate change in the Fertile Crescent and implications of the recent Syrian drought : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, vol. 112 no. 11, pp. 3241–3246
This paper presents evidence on how the 2007−2010 drought contributed to the conflict in Syria. It was the worst drought in the instrumental record, causing widespread crop failure and a mass migration of farming families to urban centers. Century-long observed trends in precipitation, temperature, and sea-level pressure, supported by climate model results, strongly suggest that anthropogenic forcing has increased the probability of severe and persistent droughts in this region, and made the occurrence of a 3-year drought as severe as that of 2007−2010 2 to 3 times more likely than by natural ...
Urban flooding of Greater Dhaka in a changing climate: building local resilience to disaster risk
World Bank, 2015This study’s overall aim is to provide local decision-makers an effective planning approach for minimizing the damage risk of rainfall-induced urban flooding in Dhaka in a changing climate. Specific objectives are to assess the vulnerability of the Greater Dhaka area to urban flooding and waterlogging, estimate probable economic damage due to climate change, develop structural adaptation measures, evaluate the reduction in economic damage resulting from implementing these measures, and estimate their cost.
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