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Климатическое обслуживание сектора энергетики: новая приоритетная область ГРОКО
Энергетические системы являются двигателем эконо- мического и социального развития. Их вклад образует значительную часть ВВП любой страны. Несомненно, энергетика жизненно необходима для всех аспектов благосостояния человека, включая доступ к воде, сельскохозяйственное производство, здравоохранение, образование, создание рабочих мест и устойчивость окружающей среды. Кроме того, на выбросы пред- приятий энергетического сектора, таких как выбросы CO2, приходится наибольшая доля глобальных антро- погенных выбросов парниковых газов (ПГ). Ожидается, что достижение целевых показателей по сокращению в ...
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Climate Predictability in the Stratosphere
In order to accurately predict the day-to-day evolution of weather systems, one needs a detailed description of the initial state of the atmosphere. A good picture of the actual atmospheric conditions is therefore required. Predictability of the atmosphere associated with its initial state is, however, limited to approximately 10 days. Beyond this limit, only statistical properties of atmospheric conditions can be predicted. Of these, the mean state of the atmosphere over some period of time and the probability of extreme weather events are perhaps the most relevant for society.
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Status of the Global Observing System for Climate
Bulletin, Vol. 65(1). WMO, 2016This article highlights the main finding and conclusions of the Status of the Global Observing System for Climate (Report)1, published in late 2015. The Report offers an extensive account of how well climate is currently being observed, where progress has been made, where progress is lacking or where deterioration has occurred. It provides a basis for identifying the actions required to reduce gaps in knowledge, to improve monitoring and prediction, to support mitigation, and to help meet increasingly urgent needs for information on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability.
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Highlights from the First Five-yearly Statement on the Status of the Global Climate
Bulletin, Vol. 65(1). WMO, 2016In the last few months, 2015’s status as the warmest year on record has been making headlines around the world. The WMO annual Statements on the Status of the Global Climate are an important part of the global climate monitoring that has arrived at this conclusion. Now, for the first time, WMO has issued a five-yearly Statement on the Status of the Global Climate, covering 2011–2015.
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Gérer les risques à l’aide des produits et services de prévision climatique
Bulletin, Vol. 64(2). OMM, 2016La demande de previsions climatiques a echeance de quelques semaines a plusieurs decennies augmente car les decideurs du secteur public et du secteur prive se rendent mieux compte de leur utilite pour accroitre la resilience et renforcer l’adaptation a l’egard du changement climatique. Differentes categories d’utilisateurs souhaitent recevoir des services specialises qui facilitent la prise de decision et la planification a long terme, qui ameliorent l’alerte precoce de dangers potentiels et qui favorisent l’adaptation et l’attenuation face a la variabilite et a l’evolution du climat. Le Cadre ...
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Les services climatologiques destinés au secteur de l’énergie: nouveau domaine prioritaire pour le CMSC
Bulletin, Vol. 64(2). OMM, 2016Les systemes de production d’energie sont le moteur du developpement economique et social. Les investissements realises a ce titre representent une part importante du PIB d’un pays. De fait, l’energie est indispensable au bien-etre des populations dans pratiquement tous ses aspects, dont l’acces a l’eau, la productivite agricole, la sante, l’education, la creation d’emplois et la protection de l’environnement. Ce secteur est aussi responsable de la plus grande part des rejets de gaz a effet de serre (GES), tel le CO2, dans le monde. Les objectifs de reduction des emissions fixes par la Convent ...
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Surveillance des concentrations de carbone et de l’acidifi cation des océans
Bulletin, Vol. 64(1). OMM, 2016La concentration atmosphérique de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) a augmenté de 42 % depuis le début de l’ère industrielle à cause des émissions provenant de l’exploitation des combustibles fossiles, de la production de ciment et des changements d’aff ectation des terres (Bulletin de l’OMM sur les gaz à eff et de serre, N° 10). En 2010, on estime que les océans du globe avaient déjà absorbé 155 ± 30 pétagrammes (Pg) (1 pétagramme = 1015 g) de CO2 anthropique (Khatiwala et al., 2013), soit 28 % des émissions totales de CO2. Ce phénomène a limité la hausse de la concentration atmosphérique de CO2 et a ...
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Progrès réalisés dans l’observation et la prévision du phénomène ENSO
Bulletin, Vol. 64(1). OMM, 2016Les gouvernements, les entreprises du secteur privé et les particuliers sont de plus en plus exigeants lorsqu’il s’agit de la qualité des services climatologiques, d’où l’importance du Cadre mondial pour les services climatologiques (CMSC). Cependant, certaines composantes du réseau d’observation de l’océan – pourtant essentielles à la prestation de ces services – risquent de se dégrader, et les systèmes de prévision climatique ont du mal à rester au fait des attentes croissantes quant à l’exactitude et à la fi abilité des services.1234
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Services climatiques – Transition du projet CLIPS au CMSC
En 1995, le Congrès météorologique mondial a établi le projet CLIPS (Services d’information et de prévision climatologiques) afi n de fournir les meilleures informations possible sur le climat, y compris des projections sur les conditions futures, afi n d’étayer la prise de décisions d’ordre économique et social en vue de réduire les risques, de stimuler le dynamisme économique et d’améliorer la qualité de vie des populations. Depuis sa création le projet CLIPS a contribué à accroître nos connaissances sur le climat, à améliorer les capacités des services opérationnels de prévision des conditi ...
Руководящие принципы по наилучшим практикам спасения климатических данных (ВМО-№ 1182)
This technical document is an update of WMO/TD-1210, WCDMP-55, Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue (2004). It builds on the original Guidelines, while taking into account both changes in technology that have occurred in the intervening 12 years and lessons learned in more recent climate data rescue activities around the world. An overview of data rescue is presented with chapters on its importance, archiving original media, imaging, digitization and archiving digital images and digital data. Twelve appendices provide supporting information.
مبادئ توجیهیة بشأن أفضل الممارسات المتعلقة بإنقاذ البیانات المناخیة (WMO-No. 1182)
This technical document is an update of WMO/TD-1210, WCDMP-55, Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue (2004). It builds on the original Guidelines, while taking into account both changes in technology that have occurred in the intervening 12 years and lessons learned in more recent climate data rescue activities around the world. An overview of data rescue is presented with chapters on its importance, archiving original media, imaging, digitization and archiving digital images and digital data. Twelve appendices provide supporting information.
The Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue are intend ...
Directrices sobre mejores prácticas para el rescate de datos climáticos (OMM-Nº 1182)
El presente documento técnico es una actualización de la publicación WMO/TD-No. 1210, WCDMP-55, Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue (2004) (Directrices sobre el rescate de datos climáticos). Se basa en las directrices originales, pero, al mismo tiempo, en él se tienen en cuenta tanto los cambios tecnológicos surgidos a lo largo de los 12 años transcurridos como las enseñanzas extraídas de actividades de rescate de datos climáticos más recientes llevadas a cabo en todo el mundo. Se presenta un panorama general del rescate de datos, y en los diversos capítulos se abordan cuestiones como su importa ...
Guidelines on Best Practices for Climate Data Rescue (WMO-No. 1182)
This technical document is an update of WMO/TD-1210, WCDMP-55, Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue (2004). It builds on the original Guidelines, while taking into account both changes in technology that have occurred in the intervening 12 years and lessons learned in more recent climate data rescue activities around the world. An overview of data rescue is presented with chapters on its importance, archiving original media, imaging, digitization and archiving digital images and digital data. Twelve appendices provide supporting information.
The Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue are intend ...
Directives sur les bonnes pratiques en matière de sauvetage des données climatologiques (OMM-N° 1182)
Le présent document technique résulte de la mise à jour de la publication intitulée Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue (2004) (WMO/TD-1210, WCDMP-55). Il prend en compte l’évolution de la technologie depuis douze ans et tire les enseignements des opérations de sauvetage des données les plus récentes menées dans le monde. On y trouvera une présentation générale du concept de sauvetage des données, suivie de chapitres consacrés à l’importance de cette activité, à l’archivage des supports d’origine, à leur numérisation en mode image, à la numérisation des données et à l’archivage des images et des ...
气候数据拯救最佳做法指导原则 (WMO-No. 1182)
This technical document is an update of WMO/TD-1210, WCDMP-55, Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue (2004). It builds on the original Guidelines, while taking into account both changes in technology that have occurred in the intervening 12 years and lessons learned in more recent climate data rescue activities around the world. An overview of data rescue is presented with chapters on its importance, archiving original media, imaging, digitization and archiving digital images and digital data. Twelve appendices provide supporting information.
The Guidelines on Climate Data Rescue are intend ...
Communicating Climate Change Scenarios With Decision Makers: Lecture by Dr. Holly Hartmann, Research Hydrologist
In this 1-hour lecture, presented in three parts, research hydrologist Dr. Holly Hartmann discusses issues and approaches for communicating with decision-makers regarding climate change topics in water management and planning. Dr. Hartmann is a national leader in research related to the development of decision support tools for climate, water, and other resource management applications, especially linking research with the needs of decision-makers and moving research into agency operations. Dr. Hartmann is Carpe Diem West’s Director of Climate Science Applications. Previously she was Director ...
Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change
Climate is changing at unprecedented rates in recorded history. A variety of lines of evidence demonstrate that climate change is likely to affect the hydrologic cycle and thus create new challenges in water management. This requires that climate change information be included in water and water-related resources planning, operations, and management. Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change describes the terminology, global evidence, regional manifestations, and basic science of global climate variability and anthropogenic change, with a focus on water res ...
Forecasters' Overview of the Mediterranean and Europe
This module provides an introduction to the European continent and the Mediterranean and Black Sea areas for weather forecasters. It focuses on geography, climatology, oceanography, major aspects of the synoptic and mesoscale weather patterns, and hazards to aviation and maritime operations. Geography covers major political boundaries, cities, ports, topographical features, rivers, and volcanic areas. Climatology covers the seasonal climatology of jet stream, synoptic weather systems, extratropical cyclones, and high winds and seas. Oceanography includes major bathymetric features; mean sea su ...
Climate Variability and Change for Water Resources Management - International Edition
Climate is changing at unprecedented rates in recorded history. A variety of lines of evidence demonstrate that climate change is likely to affect the hydrologic cycle and thus create new challenges in water management. This requires that climate change information be included in water and water-related resources planning, operations, and management. Climate Variability and Change for Water Resources Management - International Edition describes the terminology, global evidence, regional manifestations, and basic science of global climate variability and anthropogenic change, with a focus on wa ...
The Science of Radio Occultation and the COSMIC Mission
The lesson provides an overview of radio occultation and its contributions to our understanding of Earth's atmosphere as demonstrated by the COSMIC mission launched in 2006. The lesson is divided into three chapters: Chapter 1 describes the science of radio occultation and how atmospheric profiles are obtained. Chapter 2 focuses on the benefits of radio occultation and COSMIC observations for numerous applications related to meteorology, climate, and space weather. Chapter 3 describes the COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 mission and its expected improvements to further inform meteorology, climate, and iono ...
Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 2: General Principles in Integrating Climate Change
This lesson describes a common approach used by the United States Bureau of Reclamation to scope a study on integrating climate change information into water resources management and planning. Learners will become familiar with the types of questions that must be addressed for considering climate change impacts when scoping their study. Examples are given for several different water resources mission areas. Note that this is the second of a two lesson series, the first one is titled, "Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change."
Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 2: General Principles in Integrating Climate Change
This lesson describes a common approach used by the United States Bureau of Reclamation to scope a study on integrating climate change information into water resources management and planning. Learners will become familiar with the types of questions that must be addressed for considering climate change impacts when scoping their study. Examples are given for several different water resources mission areas. Note that this is the second of a two lesson series, the first one is titled, "Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change."
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