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Thematic mapping for disaster risk assessment in case of earthquake
This paper examines some problems that arise in thematic mapping for disaster management in case of earthquake due to the various types, structure and classification of data provided by various organizations. It represents some of the efforts performed within the framework of the university UACEG-CNIP research project dealing with a conceptual model for information system for expert express evaluation of the earthquake risk over the Bulgarian territory using GIS.
Main stages for data harmonization including georeferencing the information into a geographical reference system, sta ...
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The Antalya report : Disaster risk reduction in a changing climate - lessons learned about lessons learned
The report documents the Disaster Risk Reduction Expert Forum 2015: which took place in February 2015 in Antalya, Turkey. The Forum was convened to discuss and share lessons learned about lessons learned about hydro-meteorological disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.
Flood risk assessment report 2015
The report identifies 606 riverine flood risk category-1 and 1,770 risk category-2 prone Union Councils of Pakistan using the hi-tech and low-cost analytical tools and capabilities of the Alhasan Systems, a development company. This national level exercise is followed by a detailed profile of Union Council Haibat of District Kashmore, Sindh to exhibit what is achievable at such scale for not only enhanced damage/needs assessments, but also long-term disaster risk management and development exercises.
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Minimum standards for local climate-smart disaster risk reduction : informing the development of the post-2015 HFA
Red Cross, 2015This paper presents the Minimum Standards for local climate-smart disaster risk reduction and details how they can help trigger action on climate change under the post-2015 HFA framework.
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Climate finance for cities: how can international climate funds best support low-carbon and climate resilient urban development?
This paper reviews the approaches taken by multilateral climate funds in the period 2010-2014 to support low-emission and climate-resilient development in developing country cities. It identifies US$842 million in approved climate finance for explicitly urban projects, which equates to just over one in every ten dollars spent on climate finance over these five years. The majority of this finance has supported low-carbon urban transport systems in fast-growing middle-income countries. Adaptation funds financed only a handful of explicitly urban projects in the review period.
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The financial management of flood risk: an international review - lessons learned from flood management programs in G8 countries
This paper examines best practices and available models for managing the financial impact of floods. The paper (i) identifies key issues specific to flood risk management, (ii) evaluates international experience with public and private flood insurance programs, and (iii) draws out lessons for Canada’s approach to the financial management of flood risk and the role of insurance.
Seamless prediction of the Earth system : from minutes to months
This book collects together White Papers that have been written to describe the state of the science and to discuss the major challenges for making further advances. The authors of each chapter have attempted to draw together key aspects of the science that was presented at WWOSC-2014. The overarching theme of this book and of WWOSC-2014 is “Seamless Prediction of the Earth System: from minutes to months”. The book is structured with chapters that address topics regarding: Observations and Data Assimilation; Predictability and Processes; Numerical Prediction of the Earth System; Weather-relate ...
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25 April 2015 Gorkha Earthquake disaster risk reduction situation report
PreventionWeb ; United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) - UN/ISDR, 2015This disaster risk reduction situation report explains the drivers of disaster risk in Nepal and draws attention to the efforts that have been undertaken to reduce these risks. Within these efforts special attention is paid to the economics of DRR, insurance and risk transfer, critical infrastructure, cultural heritage, and health and health facilities. The report provides important resources related to disaster risk reduction in Nepal, the thematic area of cultural heritage, and the risk concepts of hazard, exposure and vulnerability.
Protected areas as tools for disaster risk reduction : a handbook for practitioners
International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ; Ministry of the Environment, Japan - gov - IUCN, 2015This handbook explains what protected areas can and cannot contribute to DRR strategies. In this handbook protected areas are explained as a buffer against coastal erosion and flood risks, which provide ecosystem goods and services on which people rely for their livelihood.
The handbook describes how protected areas can be integrated into national DRR strategies to the mutual advantage of both and it looks at how to combine natural and engineering solutions in DRR.
The main text is supplemented by case studies drawing on the experience of the Ministry of Environme ...
WMO Guidelines on Multi-hazard Impact-based Forecast and Warning Services
Improving the understanding of the potential impacts of severe hydrometeorological events poses a challenge to NMHSs and their partner agencies, particularly disaster reduction and civil protection agencies (DRCPAs). These Guidelines establish a road map that identifies the various milestones from weather forecasts and warnings to multi-hazard impact-based forecast and warning services.
For completeness, these Guidelines also describe the ultimate step of forecasting actual impacts, although it is recognized that this is a highly sophisticated exercise, requiring strong collaboration w ...
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Overview of natural disasters and their impacts in Asia and the Pacific, 1970 - 2014
The paper provides a review of natural disasters and their impacts in Asia and the Pacific by disaster type, sub region and level of development. The first section looks at the occurrence of natural disaster events. This is followed by an analysis of fatalities and economic loss in sections two and three respectively. The short-term consequences of natural disasters on the economy are also mentioned. The final section briefly discusses aspects regarding exposure and vulnerability of countries in Asia and the Pacific.
Heatwaves and Health : Guidance on Warning-System Development
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; World Health Organization (WHO) - WMO, 2015 (WMO-No. 1142)This Guidance has been developed jointly by WMO and WHO to outline for practitioners in both NMHSs and National Health Services (NHSs) the issues surrounding the general heat–health problem and present how an understanding of the biometeorology, epidemiology, public-health and risk-communication aspects of heat as a hazard can be used to inform the development of an HHWS as part of a wider HHAP. The Guidance places emphasis on the practical aspects of HHWSs at a generic level and is not intended to be prescriptive. The Guidance has been produced to have global applicability. It has drawn on ex ...
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Country profile: Nepal - disaster management institution and system in Nepal
The report provides an overview of the disaster risk reduction and management in Nepal, a country under threat of multiple natural hazards: earthquakes, floods, landslides, fires, storms, the epidemics, and others. It presents background information on the country, its disaster profile, its legal and institutional framework, the country's achievements in regards to the Hyogo Framework for Action, and looks at the challenges and future steps in the area of disaster management in Nepal.
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25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake disaster risk reduction situation report
PreventionWeb, 2015This disaster risk reduction situation report on the 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake is divided into three parts: historical disaster impacts, risks and scenarios, and disaster risk reduction (DRR) implementation status. It provides an overview of Nepal's nationally reported losses 1971-2013 and internationally reported losses 1900-2014; probabilistic economic loss risks in terms of probable maximum loss (PML) and average annual loss (AAL) and deterministic risks; disaster risk reduction implementation at the national and local levels as reported by the government of Nepal and local authorities ...
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Japan-World Bank: mainstreaming disaster risk management in developing countries - 2014-15 annual report
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, the ; Government of Japan ; World Bank the - World Bank, 2015This annual report highlights progress and results achieved of the Japan-World Bank Program for mainstreaming disaster risk management in developing countries for the period April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015. The program was established in February 2014 as a partnership between the Ministry of Finance of Japan (MoF) and the World Bank.
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Disaster management in Japan = 日本の災害対策
Government of Japan, 2015This document gives an overview of the challenges and progress made by Japan in disaster risk management (DRM). The document explains Japans disaster management system and the countermeasures taken by Japan in preventing, preparing, responding to, and recovering from disasters. It explains disaster reduction activities of citizens and draws attention to the role of awareness and disaster knowledge in the reduction of disasters. In addition, it explains the role of international cooperation in disaster reduction and specifically, in Japan's role in preventing and responding to disasters.
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German contributions to the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
This document explains the contributions of German institutions and organizations to develop flood risk management plans by December 2015 that outline plans for the implementation of prevention, protection and preparedness measures. The document mentions the importance for Germany to review preliminary flood risk assessment by December 2018, flood hazard and risk maps by December 2019, and flood risk management plans by December 2021 and every six years thereafter.
The document also explains the contribution of Germany to the expert symposium on multi-hazard early warning system ...
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Understanding drought in India: Southasiadisasters.net issue no. 127, March 2015
This report emphasizes that governments at all levels must provide their agencies with the authority and resources required to fulfill their disaster preparedness responsibilities and provincial and federal governments must provide further funding assistance to help empower local authorities. It explains that organizations outside of government as well as the public have preparedness responsibilities which they must come to understand, accept and fulfil. In addition, the report touches upon several recommendations which can be used by governments to successfully work towards better preparednes ...
Water for a sustainable world: the UN world water development report 2015
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); UN Water - United Nations, 2015The report elaborates upon the future of water towards 2050 by describing how water supports healthy and prosperous human communities, including through measures that reduce vulnerability and improve resilience to water-related disasters such as flood and drought management approaches, maintains well-functioning ecosystems and ecological services, and provides a cornerstone for short and long-term economic development.
It provides an overview of the challenges, issues and trends in terms of water resources, their use and water-related services like water supply and sanitation, a ...
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Building local level engagement in disaster risk reduction: a Portugese case study
Contributing to the global dialogue on disaster risk reduction (DRR), the purpose of this paper is to address a key priority for the Post-2015 Framework for DRR (HFA2) by analyzing initiatives used by one local government to increase local-level engagement in DRR.
A review of literature from the multidisciplinary areas of communication, social and political theory examines the role that communication theory and practice can play in facilitating public participation to build community resilience. Building on these insights, the authors introduce a research methodology to examine ...
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Mapping of stakeholders and initiatives on early warning systems in Myanmar
Malteser International, 2015This study aims to analyze national and international stakeholders and their initiatives in Early Warning Systems in Myanmar, to identify priority gaps that need to be addressed by all stakeholders. It is presented as a first step towards supporting GoUM in information-gathering under the Myanmar Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (MAPDRR), in particular under Components (2) Risk Assessment, (3) Multi-hazard Early Warning System and (4) Preparedness at all levels, and especially in implementing Sub-Component (3.4) Enhanced Flood Monitoring and Forecasting Capacities at Township Levels.
The Climate in Africa: 2013
In Africa in 2013, the critical weather and climate trends of the last decades continued: it was one of the warmest years on the continent since at least 1950, with temperatures above average in most regions. Precipitation at the continental scale was near average. But several extreme events hit the region. The floods that hit Mozambique in January were among the 10 most severe in the world that year, based on the number of deaths. In contrast, the rains in Namibia and neighboring countries fell well below normal, leading to a severe drought.
Directives de l’OMM sur les services de prévision et d’alerte multidanger axées sur les impacts
Mieux comprendre les incidences potentielles des phenomenes hydrometeorologiques violents represente un defi pour les SMHN et leurs partenaires, notamment les organismes de protection civile et de prevention des catastrophes. A cette fin, les presentes directives repertorient les diverses etapes a suivre, depuis l’elaboration de previsions et d’alertes meteorologiques jusqu’a la prestation de services de prevision et d’alerte multidanger axees sur les impacts.
المبادئ التوجيهية للمنظمة (WMO) بشأن خدمات التنبؤ والإنذار بالأخطار المتعددة على أساس الآثار مطبوع
وتحسين فهم الآثار التي يمكن أن تترتب على الظواهر الجوية الهيدرولوجية الخطيرة يمثل تحدياً للمرافق الوطنية ) NMHSs ( والوكالات الشريكة، لاسيما وكالات الحد من مخاطر الكوارث والحماية المدنية ) )DRCPAs وتشكل هذه المبادئ التوجيهية خارطة طريق تحدد النقاط البارزة المختلفة بدءاً بخدمات التنبؤ والإنذار بالطقس ووصولاً إلى خدمات التنبؤ والإنذار بالمخاطر المتعددة على أساس الآثار. وحتى تكون هذه المبادئ التوجيهية كاملة، فإنها تعرض أيضاً الخطوة الأخيرة المتمثلة في التنبؤ بالآثار الفعلية، وإن كان من المعروف أنها عملية متطورة جداً تتطلب تعاوناً وثيقاً مع الوكالات الشريكة وبحوثاً هامة في مسائل التعرض لتلك الآثار ...
WMO基于影响的 多灾种预报和预警服务 指导原则
提高对水文-气象灾害事件潜在影响的认识会给NMHS及其伙伴机构，特别是减灾和民 防机构（DRCPA）带来挑战。本指导原则可制定路线图，用以确定从天气预报和预警到多 灾种基于影响预报和预警服务的各项进度。 为了保证完整性，本指导原则还阐明了实际影响的最终预报步骤，尽管认识到这是一 个极为复杂的工作，不仅需要与伙伴机构开展强有力的合作，还要大力开展暴露度和脆弱 性研究。对于许多WMO会员而言，这一步骤并不是NMHS的职责，而是相关DRCPA和其 他伙伴的职责。
Руководящие указания ВМО по обслуживанию прогнозами и предупреждениями о многих опасных явлениях с учетом их возможных последствий
Улучшение понимания потенциальных последствий суровых гидрометеорологических явлений является сложной задачей для НМГС и являющихся их партнерами учреждений, в частности учреждений, занимающихся вопросами уменьшения опасности бедствий и гражданской обороны (УУОБГO). Настоящие Руководящие указания устанавливают «дорожную карту», в которой определяются различные этапы перехода от обслуживания прогнозами погоды и предупреждениями к обслуживанию прогнозами многих опасных явлений и предупреждениями о них с учетом возможных последствий. Для полноты картины в данных Руководящих указаниях также описыв ...
Directrices de la OMM sobre servicios de predicción y aviso multirriesgos que tienen en cuenta los impactos
La mejora de la comprension de los posibles impactos de los fenomenos hidrometeorologicos extremos es un reto para los SMHN y sus organismos asociados, en particular los organismos para la reduccion de desastres y proteccion civil. Estas Directrices establecen un programa en el que se identifican los distintos hitos desde la prediccion y los avisos meteorologicos hasta los servicios de prediccion y aviso multirriesgos que tienen en cuenta los impactos. En aras de la integridad, estas Directrices tambien describen el ultimo paso de la prediccion de los impactos reales, aunque se reconoce que es ...
Le climat en Afrique en 2013
Les grandes tendances météorologiques et climatiques observées ces dernières décennies en Afrique se sont maintenues: 2013 a été l’une des années les plus chaudes depuis 1950 au moins, les températures s’établissant au-dessus de la moyenne dans la plupart des sous-régions. Les précipitations ont été proches des normales à l’échelle du continent, malgré plusieurs phénomènes extrêmes. Le Mozambique a subi en janvier l’une des dix inondations les plus meurtrières survenues dans le monde cette année-là. À l’inverse, la Namibie et les pays voisins ont souffert d’une grave sécheresse due à un net dé ...
Prévoir l'évolution du système terrestre de la minute au mois
La publication rassemble des «livres blancs» qui présentent l’état d’avancement de la météorologie et les grands défis à relever pour progresser encore. Dans chaque chapitre, les auteurs ont cherché à récapituler des éléments fondamentaux présentés à la Conférence. Le thème directeur de l’ouvrage comme de la Conférence est le «continuum de prévision du système terrestre de quelques minutes à plusieurs mois». La publication s’organise en chapitres portant notamment sur les observations et l’assimilation des données, la prévisibilité et les différents processus, la prévision numérique du système ...
La predicción sin discontinuidad del sistema tierra : de minutos a meses
El presente libro reúne documentos informativos elaborados para describir la situación actual de la ciencia y debatir los principales desafíos para seguir avanzando. Los autores de cada capítulo han tratado de recopilar los aspectos científicos clave presentados en la primera Conferencia científica abierta sobre meteorología mundial. El tema principal del presente libro y la Conferencia es “La predicción sin discontinuidad del sistema Tierra: de minutos a meses”. El libro está estructurado en varios capítulos que abordan temas relacionados con las observaciones y la asimilación de datos, la pr ...
Vagues de chaleur et santé : guide pour l’élaboration de systèmes d’alerte
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) - OMM, 2015 (OMM-No. 1142)Le présent guide a été rédigé conjointement par l’OMM et l’OMS pour décrire les enjeux des effets sanitaires de la chaleur à l’intention des professionnels des SMHN et des services nationaux de santé. Il explique comment une bonne maîtrise des aspects relatifs à la biométéorologie, à l’épidémiologie, à la santé publique et à la communication sur les risques représentés par la chaleur, considérée comme un aléa, peut se révéler utile pour l’élaboration d’un SACS dans le cadre d’un plan canicule plus large. Ce guide expose les aspects pratiques d’un SACS au niveau générique et n’a pas vocation à ...
El clima en África: 2013
En África, las críticas tendencias meteorológicas y climatológicas imperantes durante los últimos decenios continuaron en 2013, que fue uno de los años más cálidos en el continente desde al menos 1950 y en el que se registraron temperaturas superiores a la media en la mayoría de las regiones. A escala continental, se registraron precipitaciones cercanas a la media. No obstante, varios fenómenos extremos afectaron a la región. Las crecidas que asolaron Mozambique en enero estuvieron entre las 10 más graves del año en el mundo por el número de muertes, mientras que en Namibia y los países vecino ...
Riesgos al sur: diversidad de riesgos de desastres en Argentina
Esta publicación ofrece un estado del arte sobre los riesgos de desastres en Argentina y reflexiones sobre las formas de abordarlos desde las ciencias sociales. Los 17 trabajos publicados muestran la complejidad del territorio argentino y dan cuenta de la comprensión de los fenómenos naturales y la amenaza que estos representan cuando las sociedades son vulnerables.
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Потенциальное влияние на климат Китайского проекта по регулированию расхода воды на плотине «Три ущелья»
Бюллетень, Том 62. BMO, 2014Китайский проект «Три ущелья» (далее – Проект) вызы- вает высокую озабоченность как в Китае, так и за рубе- жом. Люди обсуждают аргументы за и против строи- тельства такой крупномасштабной плотины и спорят относительно ее возможного влияния на местную окружающую среду. С того момента, когда плотина «Три ущелья» начала поднимать уровень воды, стали часто появляться сообщения об экстремальных явле- ниях в этом районе, включая засухи и паводки.
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тень ВМО 62, Специальный выпуск - 2013 г. | 23 Уменьшение опасности бедствий и управление связанными с бедствиями рисками в условиях изменения климата
Бюллетень, Том 62. BMO, 2014Уменьшение опасности бедствий (УОБ) является одним из основных направлений деятельности ВМО и одной из четырех приоритетных областей в рамках Глобальной рамочной основы для климатического обслуживания. Согласно анализу данных EM-DAT1 за 1970–2009 гг., в этот период зарегистрировано 7 870 стихийных бедствий, вызванных климатическими, гидрологическими и мете- орологическими опасными явлениями, в результате которых погибло 1 860 000 человек и причинен эконо- мический ущерб на сумму 1,954 триллиона долларов США (в ценах 2011 г.). Стихийные бедствия задержи- вают социально-экономическое развитие на ...
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Устойчивость к воздействию погоды и климата: Обеспечение эффективной готовности с помощью национальных метеорологических и гидрологических служб1
Столкнувшись с растущей опасностью связанных с пого- дой и климатом стихийных бедствий, которые могут отбросить экономическое и социальное развитие назад на многие годы, мировое сообщество должно принять незамедлительные меры по укреплению национальных метеорологических и гидрологических служб (НМГС). Укрепление необходимо осуществить таким образом, чтобы эти малоэффективные службы, особенно в странах развивающегося мира, трансформировались в полноцен- ные профессиональные учреждения, способные предо- ставить нужную информацию нужным людям в нужное время. Несмотря на то, что цена, которую прид ...
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