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Vol. 65(2) - 2016 - Un/Natural Disasters: Communicating Linkages Between Extreme Events and Climate Change
is an issue of Bulletin. WMO, 2016
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Атмосферная пыль: опасность для здоровья человека, окружающей среды и общества
В последнее десятилетие научное сообщество осоз- нало важное влияние атмосферной пыли на климат, здоровье человека, окружающую среду и различ- ные социально-экономические секторы. ВМО и ее Члены, приступив в 2004 г. к использованию систем мониторинга, прогнозирования и заблаговременного предупреждения об атмосферной пыли, находятся на передовом рубеже деятельности, связанной с оценкой этого влияния и разработкой продукции, содейству- ющей выработке политики в области обеспечения готовности, адаптации и смягчения последствий. 1 2
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Выпуск в Китае заблаговременных предупреждений с учетом возможных последствий и оценки рисков
Китай является одной из стран, наиболее подверженных воздействию опасных явлений. В период с 1984 по 2014 г. метеорологические опасные явления в среднем ежегодно уносили 4 066 жизней и наносили прямой экономический ущерб в размере 192,2 млрд китайских юаней (30,5 млрд долларов США), что составляет 2 % внутреннего вало- вого продукта Китая. Показатель среднегодовых убытков (отношение прямых экономических убытков к годовому ВВП) снизился наполовину – с 2,08 % в период с 1984 по 2000 г. до 1,03 % в период с 2001 по 2014 г. – благодаря повышению эффективности мер по предотвращению и смягчению посл ...
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На пути к существенному уменьшению опасности бедствий в 2030 г.
Бюллетень, Том 64(2). BMO, 2016Сендайская рамочная программа действий по умень- шению опасности бедствий на 2015–2030 гг. (Сен- дайская рамочная программа), принятая 18 марта, является первым крупным соглашением в повестке дня на 2015 год. Ее семь глобальных целей и четыре прио- ритетных направления действий чрезвычайно актуальны для ВМО. Уменьшение опасности бедствий является одной из семи приоритетных областей деятельности Организации. Защита жизни, источников существования и собственности занимает центральное место в рамках ее миссии, и поэтому ВМО будет поддерживать Сендай- скую рамочную программу посредством осуществле ...
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Climate risk early warning systems in Europe
WMO is establishing networks of Regional Climate Centres (RCCs) to support Members, through their National Meteorological and Hydrological Services, in better meeting their climate-related goals. Droughts, heatwaves, cold waves, floods, extreme storms, land¬slides, bush and forest fires and coastal erosion, to name just a few, are often triggered by large-scale climate drivers such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Thus, efficient and effective early warning systems for such climate extremes require cross-border collabora¬tion. The setting up of RCC networks for early warning systems to ant ...
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Disaster-related displacement in a changing climate
Climate-related displacement is already a global reality. Every year, the lives of millions of people are affected when they are displaced by the impacts of weather and climate hazards. Some of the largest disasters make the international headlines, but most disasters do not even make the national news. Yet, for poor and vulnerable families struggling to survive, even a small weather-related event can make an enormous impact on their lives. The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) has estimated that between 2008 and 2014, an annual average of at least 22.5 million people were displac ...
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La Chine se dote de systèmes d’alerte précoce axés sur les impacts et sur les risques
La Chine est l’un des pays les plus durement touches par les conditions meteorologiques. Entre 1984 et 2014, ces phenomenes ont provoque en moyenne, chaque annee, la mort de 4 066 personnes et des pertes economiques directes de 192,2 milliards de yuan (30,5 milliards de dollars E. U.) – 2 % du produit interieur brut (PIB). Le coefficient de perte annuel moyen (pertes economiques directes/ PIB annuel) est passe de 2,08 % au cours de la periode 1984–2000 a 1,03 % entre 2001 et 2014, grace a l’amelioration des mesures de prevention et d’attenuation des catastrophes. Meme reduit de moitie, ce coef ...
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Vers une réduction substantielle des risques de catastrophes d’ici à 2030
Bulletin, Vol. 64(2). OMM, 2016Le Cadre de Sendai pour la reduction des risques de catastrophe (2015–2030) a ete adopte le 18 mars dernier; il s’agit du premier accord d’envergure signe au titre du programme d’action de 2015. Ses sept objectifs mondiaux et quatre priorites interessent particulierement l’OMM, qui a fait de la reduction des risques de catastrophe l’un de ses sept domaines d’action prioritaire. La protection des personnes, des moyens de subsistance et des biens est au coeur de la mission de l’Organisation – qui soutiendra donc le Cadre de Sendai par un large eventail d’activites scientifiques et techniques.
Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change
Climate is changing at unprecedented rates in recorded history. A variety of lines of evidence demonstrate that climate change is likely to affect the hydrologic cycle and thus create new challenges in water management. This requires that climate change information be included in water and water-related resources planning, operations, and management. Climate and Water Resources Management, Part 1: Climate Variability and Change describes the terminology, global evidence, regional manifestations, and basic science of global climate variability and anthropogenic change, with a focus on water res ...
Climate Variability and Change for Water Resources Management - International Edition
Climate is changing at unprecedented rates in recorded history. A variety of lines of evidence demonstrate that climate change is likely to affect the hydrologic cycle and thus create new challenges in water management. This requires that climate change information be included in water and water-related resources planning, operations, and management. Climate Variability and Change for Water Resources Management - International Edition describes the terminology, global evidence, regional manifestations, and basic science of global climate variability and anthropogenic change, with a focus on wa ...
SatFC-G: Tropical to Extratropical Transition
This lesson uses water vapor satellite imagery from Himawari-8 to describe the typical extratropical transition of a tropical cyclone. The Himawari-8 imager previews comparable capabilities coming online with the GOES-R ABI imager. The lesson also provides a brief overview of subtropical cyclones and their transition to tropical cyclones. This lesson is a part of the NWS Satellite Foundation GOES-R Course.
TsunamiReady: Guidelines for Mitigation, Preparedness, and Response
The TsunamiReady® program began in 2001 to promote tsunami hazard preparedness and improve public safety before, during, and after tsunami emergencies. In 2015, the National Weather Service updated the TsunamiReady Guidelines based directly on emergency management principles and with input from the social sciences. This training provides an overview of the 2015 guidelines, which are focused on mitigation, preparedness, and response. The training will equip community officials and others interested in becoming TsunamiReady with strategies for streamlining their implementation of the guidelines. ...
NWS JetStream: Online School for Weather
JetStream - An Online School for Weather is a free teaching resource covering a wide variety of weather topics and weather safety. It provides educators, emergency managers, or anyone interested in learning about weather with comprehensive, well-organized, colorfully illustrated curricula. Each section or “module” includes “learning lessons", classroom experiments that use common household items demonstrating various aspects of weather. JetStream is developed and maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Weather Service and is not produced, owned or ho ...
Sea Level Change: Basics
This lesson describes the physical processes, both natural and human-induced, that lead to changes in sea level. The processes described include climate induced changes in ocean heat content and volume, natural oceanic cycles, and both natural and human-induced changes in coastal land elevation. The learning is enhanced with rich graphics and periodic questions.
Best Practices in Tropical Cyclone Briefings
Crafting clear, concise and effective messages focused on customer needs is a crucial skill in every decision-support situation. Tropical cyclones that threaten a coastline have the potential to inflict devastating damage to communities and communicating relevant weather information will assist decision-makers in their plans and preparation work. This lesson examines how to effectively prepare for the hurricane season and then focuses on how best to support NWS partners through meteorological briefings during tropical cyclone events. Basic familiarity with probabilistic forecast guidance is re ...
Météo et criquets pèlerins
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture (FAO) - OMM, 2016 (OMM-No. 1175)La présente publication est avant tout un guide de référence général destiné au personnel des centres nationaux de lutte antiacridienne et des SMHN des pays victimes du criquet. Toutefois, elle sera également utile au plus grand nombre car elle permet d’en savoir davantage sur le criquet pèlerin et les phénomènes météorologiques ayant une incidence à son égard. On y trouvera des informations de base sur la biologie et le comportement du criquet pèlerin, ainsi qu’un historique des invasions, une analyse des facteurs météorologiques qui influent sur le développement de ce ravageur et des conseil ...
GAW Report, 230. Airborne dust : from R&D to operational forecast : 2013-2015 Activity Report of the SDS- WAS Regional Center for Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe
The 18th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Measurement Techniques (GGMT - 2015) took place from 13 to 17 September 2015 at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla (CA), USA. It was the 40 th anniversary of the first GGMT meeting (then called "CO 2 Experts Meeting") which was also held at Scripps in 1974. WMO has provided the framework for all carbon dioxide experts meetings since 1975. IAEA in Vienna joined WMO as a co - organizer in 1997 due to the increased use of carbon isotopes in studying the carbon cycle. The meeting reviewed current WMO ...
Variability of the West African summer Monsoon and its relation to the SSTA over the Atlantic Ocean
This study investigates spatial and temporal features of the West African Summer Monsoon (WASM) and its relation to the Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA). The variability of the WASM from June to September was analyzed during the period 1960-2013, with methods including EOF analysis of the precipitation anomaly and SSTA and the associated large scale circulation pattern. The result from the first EOF-Mode of the precipitation anomaly which has the highest positive loadings over the region shows that during the summer, the precipitation anomalies are positives in the Sahel and the Sahara. ...
Weather and Desert Locusts
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) - WMO, 2016 (WMO-No. 1175)
The Global Climate in 2011–2015
This report describes the evolution of the climate system during the period 2011–2015. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has assessed this five-year period in order to contribute to a better understanding of multiyear warming trends and extreme events that can help governments to implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change more effectively.
Global Assessment of Sand and Dust Storms
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - UNEP, 2016The specific objectives of the assessment are to:
1. Synthesise and highlight the environmental and socio-economic causes and impacts of SDS, as well as available technical measures for their mitigation, at the local, regional and global levels.
2. Show how the mitigation of SDS can yield multiple sustainable development benefits.
3. Synthesize information on current policy responses for mitigating SDS.
4. Present options for an improved strategy for mitigating SDS at the local, regional and global levels, building on existing institutions and agreements.
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TCP. WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones - Forty-third session : final report
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) - WMO, 2016
International Workshop on Satellite Analysis of Tropical Cyclones II (IWSATC-II), Report and Recommendations : final report
In this report, we summarize the reported changes in TC satellite analysis techniques since IWSATC-I (2011) and highlight the continued development of existing objective analysis methods as well as the emergence of new algorithms.
Flash Flood Guidance System (FFGS) with global coverage
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United States Agency for International Development (USAID); et al. - WMO, 2016Flash Flood Guidance System with global coverage (Res 21, Cg-XV) enhances early warning capabilities of the NMHSs, currently covers fifty two (52) countries and more than two billion people around the world saving lives and decreasing economic losses.
Drought Assessment Using SPEI and NDVI : Case of Lesotho
While drought conditions are generally a common and recurring phenomenon of the climate in Southern Africa especially Lesotho, the frequency of droughts in Lesotho has increased significantly over the past few years. Lesotho has suffered the devastating impacts of drought during the past several decades resulting in poor harvests and large livestock losses to rural farmers. The majority of the population in Lesotho engages with rain- fed agriculture and is dependent to some degree on own production for household food supply and/or cash income (Dejene, Midgley, & Marake, 2011). Any negative cha ...
Handbook of Drought Indicators and Indices
The purpose of this handbook is to cover some of the most commonly used drought indicators/indices that are being applied across drought-prone regions, with the goal of advancing monitoring, early warning and information delivery systems in support of risk-based drought management policies and preparedness plans. These concepts and indicators/indices are outlined below in what is considered to be a living document that will evolve and integrate new indicators and indices as they come to light and are applied in the future. The handbook is aimed at those who want to generate indicators and indi ...
Diagnosis Of Extreme Rainfall And Temperature Event Over Rwanda (1961-2010)
This study attempted to investigate the variability of extreme rainfall and temperature over Rwanda and the associated circulation anomalies forecasting on wet and dry rainfall events between 1961 and 2010. The datasets used to achieve the objectives includes Temperature, the rainfall dataset, wind vector, pressure vertical velocity (omega) and the Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST). The methods used include correlation analysis, Standardized anomaly, composite analysis, and Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) analysis. The results show that the mean annual cycle depict two rainy Seas ...
The Sahel Drought Mechanism: insights from two contrasting extreme events
The Sahel drought mechanism: insights from two contrasting extreme events during boreal summer July-August-September (JAS) is investigated in this study using the standardized precipitation index (SPI). Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and composite analyses were deployed in this study, where the global precipitation climatology center (GPCC) rainfall data is used. The SPI shows large widespread decreasing rainfall trend in the Sahel in the mid-1980s; thereafter, Sahel rainfall have recovered somewhat through the late 1990s, even though the drought conditions have not ended in the region. A ...
Projection of Future Streamflow Changes in the Pearl River Basin
Global climate change is remarkably changing the climatic patterns of the Pearl River basin and are significantly impacting the hydrological processes. Projection of future climate change impacts on steamflow variation is potential to provide scientific guidelines for sustainable water resources management and effective prevention and control for flood and drought disasters. In this study, a hydrological modeling system for assessing climate change impacts on runoffin the Pearl River basin was established and were used to simulate historical hydrological process and to project future streamflo ...
Spatial-temporal analysis and variability of meteorological drought during pre and south west monsoon period in Myanmar
The current study is an attempt to assess meteorological drought in Myanmar during the South west pre monsoon and monsoon period using observed rainfall data from 34 stations in Myanmar spanning from 1971 to 2010. The components of drought that were analyzed in this study were severity, persistence, frequency and probability of occurrence. Additional, trends in drought occurrence were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall (MK) method while the wavelet analysis was applied to PI value to identify various periodic processes.
Система оценки риска возникновения быстроразвивающихся паводков (СОРВБП) с глобальным охватом
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United States Agency for International Development (USAID); et al. - BMO, 2016Система оценки риска возникновения быстроразвивающихся паводков (СОРВБП) с глобальным охватом (резолюция 21, Кг-XV) расширяет возможности НМГС для заблаговременного предупреждения, охватывает сейчас 52 страны и более двух миллиардов человек во всем мире, спасая жизни и снижая экономические потери.
Sistema guía para crecidas repentinas (FFGS) con cobertura mundial
Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United States Agency for International Development (USAID); et al. - OMM, 2016El Sistema Guía para Crecidas Repentinas con cobertura mundial (Resolución 21, Cg-XV) dota a los Servicios Meteorológicos e Hidrológicos Nacionales de mejores capacidades de alerta temprana y abarca en la actualidad a 52 países y a más de 2 000 millones de personas en todo el mundo, salvando vidas y reduciendo pérdidas económicas.
Système d’indications relatives aux crues éclair (FFGS) - A couverture mondiale
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); United States Agency for International Development (USAID); et al. - OMM, 2016Le Système d’indications relatives aux crues éclair à couverture mondiale (Résolution 21, Cg-XV) vise à renforcer l’aptitude des SMHN à émettre des alertes précoces. Il couvre actuellement cinquante-deux (52) pays et plus de deux milliards de personnes dans le monde, et permet de sauver des vies et de réduire les pertes économiques.
دلیل المؤشرات والأرقام القیاسیة للجفاف
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; Global Water Partnership (GWP) - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2016 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1173)الغرض من ھذا الدلیل ھو تغطیة بعض أكثر المؤشرات/ الأرقام القیاسیة للجفاف شیوعاً التي یجري تطبیقها في جمیع المناطق المعرضة للجفاف، بهدف تعزیز نُظم المراقبة والإنذار المبكر وتقدیم المعلومات الداعمة لسیاسات إدارة الجفاف وخطط التأھب لھ القائمة على المخاطر. وھذه المفاھیم والمؤشرات/ الأرقام القیاسیة مبینة أدناه فیما یُعتبر وثیقة تداولیة سوف تتطور وتضم مؤشرات وأرقاماً قیاسیة جدیدة مع ظهورھا وتطبیقها في المستقبل. والدلیل موجھ إلى أولئك الذین یریدون إعداد مؤشرات وأرقاماً قیاسیة بأنفسهم، وكذلك إلى أولئك الذین یریدون فحسب الحصول على نواتج أُعدت في مكان آخر واستخدامها. والمقصود ھو استخدامھ من جانب الممارسی ...
الطقس والجراد الصحراوي
المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد ; منظمة الأغذية والزراعة للأمم المتحدة - المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد, 2016 (مجموعة مطبوعات المنظمة-No. 1175)
Manuel des indicateurs et indices de sécheresse
Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM); Global Water Partnership (GWP) - OMM, 2016 (OMM-No. 1173)Le manuel présente les indicateurs et les indices les plus couramment employés dans les régions sujettes à la sécheresse dans le but de faire progresser le suivi, l’alerte précoce et la diffusion de l’information à l’appui des politiques de gestion des situations de sécheresse et des plans de préparation axés sur les risques. Les méthodes et les notions qui les accompagnent y sont brièvement exposées. Ce document est appelé à évoluer et à s’enrichir à mesure que de nouveaux indicateurs et indices seront élaborés et mis en pratique. Il intéressera les personnes qui souhaitent définir leurs prop ...
Справочник по показателям и индексам засушливости
Всемирная Метеорологическая Организация (BMO); Global Water Partnership (GWP) - BMO, 2016 (BMO-No. 1173)Цель настоящего справочника заключается в том, чтобы описать самые распространенные показатели/индикаторы засушливости, которые применяются в подверженных засухам регионах, с целью совершенствования систем мониторинга, заблаговременного предупреждения и представления информации в поддержку политических мер в области борьбы с засухами с учетом рисков и в поддержку планов обеспечения готовности. Эти концепции и показатели/индексы кратко изложены в нижеследующем тексте, призванном быть интерактивным документом, который в дальнейшем будет развиваться и включать новые показатели и индексы по мере и ...
干旱指标与指数手册
本手册旨在涵盖适用于干旱易发区域最常用的干旱指标/指数，目的是促进监 测、早期预警和信息提供系统，以支持基于风险的干旱管理政策和备灾计划。 这些概念和指标/指数将在下文进行介绍，它是一份动态文件，随着新指标和指 数出现及在未来的适用性加以更新及整合。本手册面向那些希望制作其自身指 标和指数的机构以及针对那些只愿意获取和使用为其它地区所制作的产品的机 构。本手册适用于一般干旱从业人员使用（例如，气象/水文部门、资源管理者 及其它各级决策者），并旨在作为一个起点，表明哪个指标/指数可用，并在全 球投入实际使用。此外，本手册的制定考虑到了干旱风险管理过程。然而，本 出版物并非旨在推荐一套“最佳”指标和指数。对指标/指数的选择是根据与利益 攸关方关注的影响最密切关联的干旱具体特点。
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